高速切削淬硬模具钢刀具磨损的对比实验研究

使用PCBN和陶瓷两种材质的刀具对淬硬模具钢Cr12MoV进行高速切削试验,深入研究了高速切削时的刀具寿命、刀具磨损形态和磨损原因,得出如下结论:相同的切削条件下,PCBN刀具寿命约为陶瓷刀具的2～3倍,当切削速度由153 m/min增大到241 m/min时,两种材质刀具寿命均下降50％以上;在相对低速下切削时,PCBN刀具和陶瓷刀具磨损形态主要为月牙洼和后刀面磨损,在相对高速下切削时,两种刀具均出现破损,破损形态主要包括崩刃和片状剥落等;PCBN刀具磨损原因主要为黏结磨损、氧化磨损和扩散磨损,陶瓷刀具的主要磨损原因有磨粒磨损、黏结磨损和扩散磨损;相同切削条件下,PCBN刀具抗磨粒磨损的能力好于陶瓷刀具,而陶瓷刀具的抗氧化性能要好于PCBN刀具;切削速度对刀具磨损原因有重要影响,随着切削速度的增大,磨粒磨损程度和黏结磨损程度均减弱.     

陶瓷刀具断续车削淬硬钢失效演变机理研究

选用Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷刀具断续车削淬硬钢,进行正交切削试验,分析切削用最对刀具寿命的影响.建立了断续切削条件下不同失效演变阶段的刀具寿命公式,并通过以切削速度为单一变量的单因素试验,对其进行验证.针对不同失效演变阶段的刀具寿命公式进行分析讨论.结果表明:切削用量三要素对刀具寿命影响程度的大小顺序为:vc>αpf;在刀具失效演变的不同阶段,机械载荷、热载荷对刀具破坏的影响程度不同.     

PCBN刀具断续干式切削ADI时切削力与寿命的研究

选用DBW85、DBC50、BN250、BN700四种牌号的PCBN复合片刀具断续干式车削等温淬火球墨铸铁(ADI),测定了在相同几何参数下的切削力和在不同速度下的刀具寿命。试验结果表明:(1)在所选用四种牌号PCBN刀具中,高CBN含量的BN700和DBW85断续加工ADI的性能,要优于低CBN含量的BN250和DBC50,其中DBW85性能最好。(2)高CBN含量的BN700和DBW85加工ADI时,切削速度可选择偏高一些,一般要大于130m/min,低CBN含量PCBN刀具加工ADI时,切削速度要选择偏低一些,在100m/min左右。(3)黏结剂中添加W元素可以有效抑制PCBN刀具切削ADI时的化学磨损,改善刀具韧性,有利于ADI的断续切削。     

PcBN刀具连续车削淬硬钢性能的研究

为了研究PcBN刀具在干式连续车削条件下刀具的性能,选用两种不同的PcBN刀具,在不同切削速度及不同工件硬度条件下,对淬硬钢进行车削试验。在此基础上,对刀具前、后刀面的显微形貌特征进行了观察,分析了刀具的失效机理。结果表明:切削速度对刀具的切削寿命影响很大,随着切削速度的增加刀具寿命几乎线性下降。硬度也是影响刀具切削寿命的重要因素之一,当v190 m/m in时,刀具切削硬度为(64±1)HRC工件的寿命比相同条件下切削硬度为(61±1)HRC工件的寿命下降约40%~60%。刀尖温度随着切削速度的增加不多,切屑温度要比刀尖温度高出许多。在本试验中,刀具的失效判据为崩刃或后刀面平均磨损超过0.3 mm。     

切削速度对微织构刀具切削力的影响

目的 研究微织构刀具在不同切削速度下切削力的变化规律,从而改善刀具的切削性能。方法 利用激光技术在PCBN刀具前刀面进行微织构处理,加工微槽宽度分别为30、40 μm的垂直微槽和平行微槽,并选择60、72、85 m/min三种不同的切削速度,分别用微织构PCBN刀具干式切削AISI 52100材料,使用测力仪收集切削过程产生的主切削力、径向力和轴向力。结合有限元仿真技术,设置与实际切削试验相同的切削用量、微织构刀具材料和工件材料等切削条件,从刀具表面应力角度分析微织构刀具在不同切削速度下的切削力变化,并与切削试验结果进行对比。结果 在不同的切削速度条件下,不同微织构刀具产生的切削力受切削速度的影响程度不同。30 μm垂直微槽和40 μm平行微槽PCBN刀具在较高的切削速度下均能取得较小的切削力,切削速度的变化对主切削力、径向力和轴向力的影响均较大。结论 随着切削速度的增大,垂直微槽和平行微槽可有效减小主切削力和径向力。在相同的切削速度下,垂直微槽比与平行微槽更有利于获得较小的切削力。试验结果对微织构PCBN刀具切削淬硬钢材料奠定了基础。     

超细晶粒Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷刀具切削性能

利用真空烧结工艺制备了两组含有不同TiN成分的超细晶粒Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷可转位刀片,用不同的切削速度和进给量切削正火45钢,分析了刀具的耐用度、磨损和失效方式等切削性能.结果表明:高速切削时刀具的磨损形式以氧化磨损和扩散磨损为主;在高速进给量大的切削条件下,含TiN低的刀片切削性能好于TiN高的刀片;切削速度对刀具寿命的影响很大;进给量在切削速度较低时对刀具寿命的影响程度要大于切削速度较高时.     

AISI 4340高强钢高速硬车削下PCBN刀具磨损机理

PCBN刀具在硬切削加工中磨损严重,探究PCBN刀具的磨损机理,能够为改善刀具切削性能、提高加工效率提供指导.采用PCBN刀具进行高速硬车削AISI 4340高强钢试验,研究不同切削速度下的PCBN刀具的磨损形式及磨损机理.通过对比三种切削速度(v=150 m/min、210 m/min、300 m/min)切削两种硬...     

刀片槽型对GH4169车削寿命的影响

本文从刀片槽型结构出发,通过调节刃带宽度和刀具前角设计四款不同槽型刀片,对GH4169进行车削试验。通过测力仪(Kistler 5070)测量刀片切削力和超景深显微镜(Easson)观察刀具的磨损形貌,分析刀片的受力曲线和磨损曲线。试验表明:切削速度在45~85 m/min范围内,随着切削速度的增加,不同槽型刀片切削力都是先增大后减小;相同参数条件下,刀片槽型前角越大,剪切变形减小,受力越小;切削速度较低时,3°~15°前角范围内,刀具刃口强度好的刀片寿命好;切削速度较高时,通过增大第一前角和切削刃强度有助于提高刀具寿命;切削速度45 m/min时,刃口强度好的SNR1槽型切削寿命好;切削速度65 m/min,槽型最锋利且有加强筋强化切削刃的SNR4槽型切削寿命好;切削速度85 m/min,刃口强度和前角都较大的SNR2槽型切削寿命好。在本文切削速度范围内,SNR2能较好的满足使用要求。     

陶瓷刀具断续车削淬硬钢失效形态研究

采用Al_2O_3/Ti(C,N)陶瓷刀具进行淬硬钢的断续车削正交试验,对不同切削速度下刀具的失效形态进行了对比。结果表明,低速时,刀具的失效形态主要是崩刃和前刀面剥落,疲劳破损影响较小。随着切削速度的增加,疲劳破损对刀具的影响逐渐增大。高速时,疲劳裂纹扩展引起的破损成为刀具主要失效形式。在不同切削速度下,刀具内部的应力水平不同,导致裂纹扩展速率及裂纹方向有所差异,疲劳特征则表现出不同形式。低速时疲劳特征表现为疲劳条带,而高速时的疲劳特征通常为疲劳弧线。     

铍铜合金断续切削后刀面磨损机理研究

目的研究断续切削过程温度变化对刀具粘结现象、涂层剥落和刀具磨损的影响。方法搭建了仿铣削加工的断续车削实验平台,采用热电偶法测量了断续切削过程中刀具后刀面在不同速度下的切削温度,利用带有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)观察后刀面随速度变化的磨损形貌并分析后刀面磨损区域的元素组成,阐述了后刀面温度和刀具磨损之间的联系,研究了Ti AlN涂层硬质合金刀具断续切削铍铜合金C17200时的后刀面磨损机理。结果随着切削速度的增加,刀具温度在v=500 m/min出现峰值,温度越高,后刀面的涂层剥落和粘结磨损现象越严重,涂层剥落和粘结磨损现象在切削速度为500 m/min时最严重,而后随着刀具温度的降低而减缓,切削速度600 m/min时的涂层剥落和粘结磨损现象相比500 m/min时有所减轻。结论断续切削过程中,刀具持续性地经受"负载-卸载"、"升温-降温"产生的高温、冲击和加工环境的不稳定性,是引起粘结现象、涂层剥落和刀具磨损的主要原因。涂层剥落和粘结磨损是导致铍铜合金断续切削刀具失效的主要磨损形式。     

Grinding of PCBN cutting inserts

PCBN cutting inserts have been more often used in order to attend to the demands of an economically viable process and to lead to a proper workpiece surface quality. A proper application of this cutting material requires its adequate processing. Plunge-face grinding is used for finishing the inserts after sintering. To choose a suitable grinding tool and process parameters, the properties of the ground cutting inserts must be taken into account. Therefore, the influence of PCBN grain size and composition on the insert cutting edge and surface quality has to be investigated. This work aims to give an overview of material removal mechanisms, process forces and abrasive grain wear during grinding different PCBN inserts. It was found that the insert quality depends mainly on the material removal mechanism, which in the studied case is defined by the PCBN grain size.     

Tool wear and machining performance of cBN–TiN coated carbide inserts and PCBN compact inserts in turning AISI 4340 hardened steel

PCBN is the dominant tool material for hard turning applications due to its high hardness, high wear resistance, and high thermal stability. However, the inflexibility of fabricating PCBN inserts with complex tool geometries and the prohibitive cost of PCBN inserts are some of the concerns in furthering the implementation of CBN based materials for hard turning. In this paper, we present the results of a thorough investigation of cBN plus TiN (cBN–TiN) composite-coated, commercial grade, carbide inserts (CNMA 432, WC–Co (6% Co)) for hard turning applications in an effort to address these concerns. The effect of cutting speed and feed rate on tool wear (tool life), surface roughness, and cutting forces of the cBN–TiN coated carbide inserts was experimented and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique, and the cutting conditions for their maximum tool life were evaluated. The tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting forces of the cBN–TiN coated and commercially available PCBN tipped inserts were compared under similar cutting conditions. Both flank wear and crater wear were observed. The flank wear is mainly due to abrasive actions of the martensite present in the hardened AISI 4340 alloy. The crater wear of the cBN–TiN coated inserts is less than that of the PCBN inserts because of the lubricity of TiN capping layer on the cBN–TiN coating. The coated CNMA 432 inserts produce a good surface finish (<1.6 μm) and yield a tool life of about 18 min per cutting edge. In addition, cost analysis based on total machining cost per part was performed for the comparison of the economic viability between the cBN–TiN coated and PCBN inserts.     

Hard turning in continuous and interrupted cut with PCBN and whisker-reinforced cutting tools

PCBN (polycrystalline cubic boron nitride) is the most widely used material for tools employed in hardened steel turning applications due to its high hardness, wear resistance and thermal stability. However, its high costs severely limit its use. Alumina-based ceramics reinforced with whiskers, an alternative and less expensive material for these tools, has been used successfully in turning interrupted surfaces. The objective of this work is to investigate the conditions under which PCBN and ceramic tools can promote optimal results in the turning of hardened steel with continuous and interrupted surfaces. These tools were used in the radial turning of hardened steel with three types of surfaces: continuous surfaces and surfaces with 4 and 8 interruptions. The results indicated that, in continuous turning, the longest tool life was achieved using PCBN, but similar tool longevity was attained in interrupted turning using both PCBN and ceramic. In terms of roughness, the PCBN tools showed better results for continuous and interrupted surfaces.     

Influence of grinding parameters on the quality of high content PCBN cutting inserts

Plunge-face grinding is commonly used to finish PCBN cutting inserts. In order to reach an adequate process design, an investigation of the influence of the grinding parameters on the quality of high content PCBN inserts is carried out in this work. For this, the inserts are ground with different grinding wheels (including a variation of grain size and bonding), dressing feed rates, feed and cutting speeds and the edge chipping and flank face roughness are measured. It was found that a reduction of the abrasive grain size as well as an increase of the dressing feed rate lead to an improvement of the insert edge and surface quality. Moreover, a variation of the cutting and feed speeds has only a small influence on the PCBN insert quality.     

PCBN刀具高速切削钛合金TC4切屑形态研究

试验设计多组切削用量,采用正交试验方法,对不同切削用量参数下,PCBN刀具切削钛合金TC4的切屑形态进行研究,同时对PCBN刀具车削钛合金TC4进行二维有限元仿真,从理论上对锯齿化切屑形成原因进行分析。试验结果表明,PCBN刀具切削钛合金TC4产生的切屑存在锯齿状切屑、长条形带状切屑和弯曲旋状切屑;切削用量对切屑锯齿化存在较大的影响,表现为较小的切削用量条件下形成锯齿状切屑,随着切削用量参数变大,切屑呈现长条带状和弯曲旋状切屑;试验从周期性断裂理论和切削温度角度对切屑形态进行了分析讨论,并得到当PCBN刀具在高速下切削钛合金TC4材料时,形成的切屑并不均是锯齿状的结论。     

PCBN刀具干湿切削加工淬硬钢时的磨损对比

本文研究了在一定切削参数下干、湿式切削加工淬硬钢时四种PCBN刀具的刀具寿命、磨损形式和磨损机理。通过扫描电子显微镜观察不同切削行程下刀尖形貌和刀具后刀面磨损量,并对刀具前后刀面进行能谱分析。结果表明湿式切削时的后刀面磨损量小于干式切削,说明刀具湿切比干切时具有较好的性能;PCBN刀具的磨损形式有前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损,其中前刀面磨损的表现形式为月牙洼磨损,磨损机理为机械磨损、氧化磨损和黏结剂磨损,而后刀面磨损机理有机械磨损、氧化磨损、黏结剂磨损和扩散磨损等;同时还发现CBN含量下降,刀具的后刀面磨损量也有下降趋势,即刀具的切削寿命有延长趋势。     

Analytical modeling and experimental investigation of tool and workpiece temperatures for interrupted cutting 1045 steel by inverse heat conduction method

Cutting temperature is a key factor which directly affects tool wear, workpiece integrity, and machining precision in high speed machining process. The interrupted cutting process consists of several periodical characteristics, such as cutting force and time varying heat source. Induced cutting temperature models with time varying heat flux are developed in this paper to predict temperature distribution at tool inserts and workpiece during interrupted cutting process. A set of interrupted cutting experimental installation is designed to verify the proposed models. The comparison of predicted and measured results for 1045 steel in interrupted cutting processes shows reasonable agreement. The measured temperature of both the tool inserts and workpiece increase firstly and then decrease as the cutting speed increases. The peak temperature of the workpiece appears at 1500 m/min, while the peak tool inserts temperature appears at 1250 m/min approximately. Heat flux is calculated by the inverse heat conduction method. The applicability of Salomon's hypothesis to the temperature of tool inserts and workpiece is discussed during the interrupted cutting process. The dropped temperature at high cutting speed is mainly caused by that heat flux into tool inserts decreases and heat transfer time is not enough after the critical cutting speed.     

PCBN刀具切削性能和磨损机理研究综述

聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀具是继聚晶金刚石刀具之后的又一种超硬刀具,以其独特的“以车代磨”、“硬态加工”、“干式切削”等方式被誉为21世纪的绿色环保刀具。PCBN刀具在金属切削方面具有广泛的应用,主要用来加工各种淬硬钢、耐磨铸铁等铁基材料。本文介绍了PCBN刀具成分、几何形状、切削参数等对其切削性能的影响,在此基础上分析了不同材料加工时刀具的主要磨损机理,还简单对比了硬质合金和PCBN刀具切削性能上的差异。      

Hard turning of an alloy steel on a machine tool with a polymer concrete bed

Finish turning of 39NiCrMo3 alloy steel in the hardened state has been widely investigated under dry, minimum quantity of lubricant and wet cutting conditions, using inserts in ceramic and PCBN materials, on turning centers equipped with polymer concrete and cast iron beds. The progress of workpart surface roughness and tool wear with cutting time has been measured and the results analysed and discussed in detail. It has been observed that dry cutting leads to the lowest values of tool wear and surface roughness, whilst the minimal quantity of lubricant technique does not provide advantages regarding to dry turning. Furthermore, the PCBN inserts are characterised by a longer tool life than the one exhibited by the ceramic inserts. Finally, the outstanding damping and high rigidity of the polymer concrete bed has a beneficial effect on both tool wear and workpiece surface finish.