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1.
绝经激素治疗(MHT)是治疗绝经相关的血管舒缩症状和外阴阴道萎缩症状最有效的方法。此外,MHT对绝经后骨质疏松症的预防和治疗均有显著疗效。国际绝经学会及中国绝经学组制定的相关指南已将预防或治疗绝经后骨质疏松症纳入为MHT适应证之一。但雌激素的生理作用广泛,使用时获益和风险并存,故使用MHT预防或治疗绝经后骨质疏松症需注意掌握好适应证及禁忌证。 相似文献
2.
徐苓 《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》2014,30(5):333-336
骨质疏松症是中老年妇女的常见病。雌激素有明确抑制骨吸收的作用。绝经后由于雌激素的缺乏,导致骨量的快速丢失,使中、老年女性患骨质疏松症的危险大大高于男性。绝经后激素治疗能有效阻止骨丢失,维持骨量,降低骨折危险。特别提倡在60岁以前或绝经10年内开始使用激素治疗。此期间启用激素治疗,除对骨骼的保护作用外,还可以明显缓解绝经症状及降低冠心病风险,获益最多,风险最小。选择绝经激素治疗,是基于生活质量、健康优先原则和个人危险因素而做的个人决策。 相似文献
3.
绝经增加了绝经后女性患心血管疾病的风险,绝经激素治疗(MHT)不仅能有效缓解更年期血管舒缩等症状,还可以改善心血管疾病发展的中间指标,从而减少围绝经期女性心血管疾病的发生.目前多项临床研究结果表明,对绝经后10年内和60岁以下健康女性在围绝经期开始MHT,心血管疾病发生率和死亡率有所下降.目前缺少MHT能够改善已确诊的... 相似文献
4.
绝经增加了绝经后女性患心血管疾病的风险,绝经激素治疗(MHT)不仅能有效缓解更年期血管舒缩等症状,还可以改善心血管疾病发展的中间指标,从而减少围绝经期女性心血管疾病的发生。目前多项临床研究结果表明,对绝经后10年内和60岁以下健康女性在围绝经期开始MHT,心血管疾病发生率和死亡率有所下降。目前缺少MHT能够改善已确诊的心脏疾病的最终证据,不推荐MHT用于心血管疾病的一级预防,也不应用于冠心病的二级预防。 相似文献
5.
绝经期是女性生命必经的过程,绝经后由于卵巢功能减退而引起的雌激素缺乏将导致女性出现血管舒缩症状、神经精神症状、泌尿生殖道萎缩等症状以及绝经晚期发生骨质疏松、心血管疾病和老年痴呆等疾病.这些症状和绝经相关的疾病严重影响绝经后女性的生活质量和身心健康,而绝经激素治疗(MHT)是治疗绝经相关症状及预防相关疾病最有效的方法.文... 相似文献
6.
绝经期是女性生命必经的过程,绝经后由于卵巢功能减退而引起的雌激素缺乏将导致女性出现血管舒缩症状、神经精神症状、泌尿生殖道萎缩等症状以及绝经晚期发生骨质疏松、心血管疾病和老年痴呆等疾病。这些症状和绝经相关的疾病严重影响绝经后女性的生活质量和身心健康,而绝经激素治疗(MHT)是治疗绝经相关症状及预防相关疾病最有效的方法。文章对绝经相关症状作一阐述,并进一步探讨MHT的价值。 相似文献
7.
郁琦 《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》2014,30(5):321-322
在绝经早期开始绝经相关激素补充治疗,坚持钙和维生素D的补充,健康的生活方式,是预防骨质疏松症的关键。目前的主要问题是,由于骨质疏松症造成的危害是骨折,而骨折是在骨质已经疏松之后的老年发生,刚刚绝经的妇女往往对此缺乏足够的认识和重视,因此在全国范围内广泛开办更年期门诊,从医务人员入手,进行医生教育、患者教育和人群的医学普及教育是预防骨质疏松的关键。 相似文献
8.
为减少激素治疗(HT)的风险,使用HT需严格排除禁忌证,包括妊娠、原因不明的阴道出血、乳腺癌、性激素相关的恶性肿瘤、活动性静脉或动脉血栓栓塞性疾病、严重肝肾功能障碍和一些与性激素相关的少见疾病。 相似文献
9.
绝经后激素治疗适应证 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
伴随绝经过程及绝经后内分泌事件对妇女健康产生的不良影响,出现了一些临床问题需要激素治疗来纠正。激素治疗纠正这些健康问题是效价比最佳的措施。目前激素治疗主要有三大适应证:缓解绝经相关症状、治疗泌尿生殖道萎缩相关疾病、预防和治疗骨质疏松症。 相似文献
10.
随着人口老龄化,女性绝经后雌激素缺乏所导致的相关疾病越来越受到关注。同时,随着妇科恶性肿瘤发病趋于年轻化,肿瘤治疗导致的医源性绝经进而造成的各种低雌激素相关问题又严重影响患者的生存质量。女性期望在延长生命的同时获得较高的生存质量,绝经激素治疗(MHT)是有效的治疗方案。明确MHT与妇科恶性肿瘤之间关系,选择最佳MHT个体化治疗方案,将成为成功实施MHT的关键。 相似文献
11.
Davas I Altintas A Yoldemir T Varolan A Yazgan A Baksu B 《Fertility and sterility》2003,80(3):536-540
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of daily oral and transdermal hormone therapy alone or in combination with alendronate on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Comparative prospective clinical study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital. PATIENT(S): One hundred seventy-three consecutive postmenopausal women with no previous hormone therapy and a bone mineral density T score <-1 SD were randomly enrolled. INTERVENTION(S): Oral conjugated estrogen, alone or with alendronate, or transdermal estrogen, alone or with alendronate, given for 1 year. All patients also received medroxyprogesterone acetate and calcium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Bone density measurement at L2 to 4 region by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: At the end of 1 year, significant increase in bone density measurements were seen in all groups. Oral conjugated estrogen and transdermal estrogen have the same effect on bone mineral density loss. Hormone therapy alone stabilized the bone mineral density loss. Hormone therapy together with alendronate resulted in better values in all groups. CONCLUSION: Hormone therapy is adequate in osteopenic women. However, hormone therapy plus alendronate is advantageous in women with considerable bone mineral density loss. 相似文献
12.
目的研究围绝经期女性血清雌二醇(E2)及卵泡刺激素(FSH)变化规律及其与腰椎、髋部、股骨颈骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)之间的关系。方法采用化学发光法测定402例就诊于北京友谊医院妇产科更年期门诊的40~65岁健康中国汉族女性早卵泡期或绝经后任意时期空腹血清E2和FSH水平,并采用双光能X线DXA测定其腰椎、总髋部、股骨近端BMD,分析血清E2和FSH与BMD的关系。结果低骨量组血清FSH水平显著高于正常组(P<0.05),E2水平显著低于正常组(P<0.05)。E2与BMD变化呈正相关(r=0.017~0.42,P<0.05);FSH与BMD变化呈负相关(r=-0.012~-0.94,P<0.05)。绝经后低骨量组FSH高于正常组,而E2无明显变化。结论血清E2和FSH水平与绝经前后妇女的BMD有关,绝经后FSH与BMD进一步丢失有关,而低水平雌激素可能不再是继续影响骨量的主要因素。 相似文献
13.
The aim of the study is to compare the bone sparing effect of half-dose with standard-dose conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) combined with progestin. A total of 123 participants were administrated with 0.625?mg of CEE and 100?mg of micronized progesterone (MP) in group A, 0.3?mg of CEE and 100?mg of MP in group B, 0.625?mg of CEE and 10?mg of dydrogesterone (DDG) in group C for one year. Percent changes from baseline in BMD at lumbar spine and fracture rate were primary outcomes. Secondary endpoints included changes of BMD at femoral neck, total hip and arm, bone markers (alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and endometrial thickness. No fractures occurred during the treatment. Standard dose of CEE leads to significant changes in lumbar spine and arm. The 3.78% growth of BMD at femoral neck in group C marked a statistically difference. There was no statistically remarkable bone loss at hip in all three groups. Bone turnover markers and ALT significantly decreased from basic values. Endometrium thickened more with traditional dose of CEE. Both the half and standard dose CEE are effective in BMD preservation among early menopausal women with subtle side effects. Low-dose estrogen is less efficacious than traditional one. 相似文献
14.
小剂量雌激素对绝经后骨质疏松症的治疗 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:探讨减半剂量雌激素联合孕激素和钙剂对绝经后骨质疏松症的防治作用。方法:138例绝经2年以上因骨痛就诊的妇女。①测定用药前血性激素,血、尿骨代谢生化,并与20例未绝经的正常妇女相比较;②绝经者随机分为3组(每组46例),A组给予倍美力0.625mg+安宫黄体酮2mg+钙尔奇D1g/d,B组给予倍美力0.3mg+安宫黄体酮2mg+钙尔奇D1g/d,C组给予安慰剂+钙尔奇D1g/d,均连续用药2年。在用药前、用药后6个月、12个月、24个月分别测定血骨钙素(BGP)、碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、I型羧基末端终肽(CICP)、比林二酚(Pyd)、尿钙(Ca)、肌酐(Cr)、IL-6;行双光子(DEXA)测定骨密度(BMD),并超声测定子宫内膜及钼靶摄片了解乳房情况。结果:①与未绝经组比,绝经后血清E2、BGP、BMD值下降(P<0.05),血FSH、LH,尿Pyd/Cr、Ca/Cr比值增高(P<0.05)。②3组对象用药后3个月,骨痛均有不同程度改善;A组和B组用药后1年骨密度有明显提高,而C组在1年后骨密度呈下降趋势。3组对象治疗过程中均未发现子宫内膜的异常增厚。用药6个月时骨代谢生化指标及血清IL-6水平就有显著下降。结论:绝经后妇女中,小剂量雌、孕激素加钙剂能防治骨质疏松症的发生。 相似文献
15.
陈蓉 《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》2014,30(1):38-40
2002年美国妇女健康干预(Women’s Health Initiative,WHI)的发表使绝经激素治疗进入了一个低谷。近10年来该领域取得了重大进展,目前的观点已经有很大的不同。该文在具体介绍WHI 研究后,着重介绍了该领域10年来的最重要研究,包括WHI再分析、丹麦的DOPS研究、欧洲的EURAS-HRT研究等,突出了这10年来最重要的进展为“窗口期”理论和孕激素选择。最后介绍了2013年关于绝经激素治疗(menopausal hormone therapy,MHT)的国际共识要点。 相似文献
16.
Objective. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of raloxifene and low-dose hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods. Forty-two postmenopausal osteoporotic women, who were randomized to receive raloxifene 60 mg or estradiol 1 mg/norethisterone acetate 0.5 mg daily for 1 year, were studied. All women received calcium 600 mg/day and vitamin D 400 IU/day. BMD and markers of bone turnover were measured at baseline and at 12 months.Results. After 12 months of treatment, there were statistically significant increases in BMD in both groups at all sites (all p < 0.05). For the lumbar spine, the increase in BMD was 2.3% for raloxifene compared with 5.8% for low-dose HRT and corresponding values for total body BMD were 2.9% for raloxifene and 4.6% for low-dose HRT; the increases being significantly greater in the low-dose HRT group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). Although the increase in BMD at the hip was significant for both raloxifene (2.1%) and low-dose HRT (3.2%) compared with baseline, the difference between the two regimens did not reach statistical significance. The decrease in serum C-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen and serum osteocalcin levels for the low-dose HRT group (?53% and ?47%, respectively) was significantly greater than for the raloxifene group (?23% and ?27%, respectively; both p < 0.01).Conclusions. In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, low-dose HRT produced significantly greater increases in BMD of the lumbar spine and total body and greater decreases in bone turnover than raloxifene at 12 months. 相似文献