压痕形状对瓦楞纸箱抗压强度影响的试验

目的 在不同形状的压痕条件下,对瓦楞纸箱进行抗压试验,研究纸箱的变形情况和抗压能力。方法 首先设计无压痕纸箱、一字型压痕箱、八字型压痕箱以及菱形压痕箱;其次将各种压痕形状下的纸箱,利用纸箱抗压试验机进行空箱抗压实验,记录各自的最大压溃力;最后对实验数据进行分析,明确抗压强度与压痕形状的关系。结果 不同压痕形状对瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度有不同程度的影响,其中菱形影响最大。菱形压痕通过阻碍纸箱变形趋势可提高瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度。结论 在瓦楞纸箱侧板上通过施加阻碍纸箱工字型变形的压痕（如菱形压痕）,可以增加瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度,对瓦楞纸箱的生产设计具有参考意义。     

Effect of Pallet Deckboard Stiffness on Corrugated Box Compression Strength

The packaging industry has long considered pallets to be rigid structures. However, in a unit load, the weight of the product produces compressive forces that are distributed across the pallet causing the top deckboards to deflect. Corrugated paperboard boxes are highly susceptible to changing support conditions; therefore, the deckboard deflection directly impacts the vertical compression strength of the box. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of pallet deckboard stiffness on the vertical compression strength and deflection of corrugated paperboard boxes. Additional treatments included gaps between the deckboards and location of the box relative to the pallet stringers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of pallet top deck stiffness on the compression strength of asymmetrically supported corrugated boxes

During unitized shipment, the components of unit loads are interacting with each other. During floor stacking of unit loads, the load on the top of the pallet causes the top deck of the pallet to bend, which creates an uneven top deck surface resulting in uneven or asymmetrical support of the corrugated boxes. This asymmetrical support could significantly affect the strength of the corrugated boxes, and it depends on the top deck stiffness of the pallet. This study is aimed at investigating how the variations of pallet top deck stiffness and the resulting asymmetric support affect corrugated box compression strength. The study used a scaled-down unit load compression test on quarter-scale pallet designs with different deckboard thicknesses using four different corrugated box designs. Pallet top deck stiffness was determined to have a significant effect on box compression strength. There was a 27%–37% increase in box compression strength for boxes supported by high-stiffness pallets in comparison with low-stiffness pallets. The fact that boxes were weaker on low-stiffness pallets could be explained by the uneven pressure distribution between the pallet deck and bottom layer of boxes. Pressure data showed that a higher percentage of total pressure was located under the box sidewalls that were supported on the outside stringers of low-stiffness pallets in comparison with high-stiffness pallets. This was disproportionately loading one side of the box. Utilizing the effects of pallet top deck stiffness on box compression performance, a unit load cost analysis is presented showing that a stiffer pallet can be used to carry boxes with less board material; hence, it can reduce the total unit load packaging cost.     

瓦楞纸箱抗压强度的研究进展

目的综述国内外对瓦楞纸箱抗压强度的研究进展,探讨瓦楞纸箱的发展趋势。方法以查阅文献等形式,了解国内外瓦楞纸箱抗压强度的研究现状。论述对瓦楞纸箱力学性能的研究,讨论抗压强度经验公式的修订、抗压强度影响因素及提高方法。结论抗压强度的研究为瓦楞纸箱生产企业和包装设计者提供了必要的实验数据。轻量化、定量化、节约资源和降低成本等是瓦楞纸箱科学发展的要求,也为全球瓦楞纸箱的发展指明了方向。     

Estimation of the compression strength of corrugated fibreboard boxes and its application to box design using a personal computer

Many papers have been published on the compression strength of corrugated fibreboard boxes, using such formulae as Kellicut's equation and McKee's equation for the calculation. These equations, however, require known values of the strength of linerboard or corrugated fibreboard, they do not include the influence of moisture content and they are inadequate in the case of wrap-around boxes. The present author measured the mechanical properties of a large number of fibreboard boxes, and has derived a statistical formula useful for estimating the compression strength of a box based on its specifications — grade of corrugated fibreboard, size of box, type of box, printed area and moisture content. The calculation gives fairly good agreement with experimental results. The estimation technique has further been converted into a personal computer program, which renders the design of corrugated fibreboard boxes an easier task.     

冷冻食品包装用瓦楞纸箱结构设计研究

根据冷冻食品用瓦楞纸箱在冷库中易出现的塌箱现象,介绍了塌箱原因。从瓦楞纸箱结构设计的角度,研究了提高瓦楞纸箱抗压强度的方法。实验数据分析表明:按照纸板理论边压强度的1.25倍进行配纸,所得到的瓦楞纸板抗压强度可满足储运环境要求;此外,将常用02型箱型改为套合型箱型,也可明显提高纸箱的抗压强度。     

Application of beam on elastic foundation to the interaction between a corrugated box and pallet deckboard

Corrugated boxes are ubiquitous in shipping and warehousing logistics. In physical distribution, corrugated boxes are often shipped in a unit load form where the interaction between the components determines the effectiveness and safety of the overall system. When lower stiffness pallets are used to support the corrugated boxes, the compression strength of boxes is reduced due to the uneven support conditions caused by the deforming top deckboards of the pallet. In this study, a modification of the principle of beam on elastic foundation was used to predict the effect of pallet deck stiffness on the performance of a corrugated box. In the model, the corrugated box acts as the elastic foundation, and the deckboard is represented as the beam. Pallet deck stiffness, pallet connection stiffness, and package stiffness are required model inputs. The resulting model was capable of predicting the normalized distribution of forces along the boxes' length sidewall but was not capable of predicting the compression strength of the box at failure.     

瓦楞纸箱的有限元建模及屈曲分析

建立了瓦楞纸箱的有限元模型并进行了屈曲分析,计算了该瓦楞纸箱的临界载荷和屈曲模态.将临界载荷与利用凯利卡特公式计算的抗压强度进行了对比.分析结果表明,利用有限元的方法计算的瓦楞纸箱临界屈曲载荷与凯利卡特公式计算抗压强度非常接近.因此利用屈曲分析计算瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度是一种可行的方法.     

Flexural stiffness of selected corrugated structures

Top‐to‐bottom compression strength of a corrugated fibreboard box is partly dependent on the load‐carrying ability of central panel areas of the box. The ability of these central panel areas to resist a bending force from loading may increase the stacking strength of the box. The difference in the compression strengths of boxes that have identical dimensions and were fabricated with identical components but different flute types, is primarily caused by flexural stiffness of the box panels. Top‐to‐bottom compression strength of boxes can be accurately predicted by flexural stiffness measurements and edge crush test (ECT) of the combined boards. This study was carried out to analyse the flexural stiffness, to measure bending force and bending deflection by a four‐point bending test for various corrugated fibreboards, and to provide the major constructional factors which play a role in improving the compression strength of the box. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纸瓦楞夹层板的压缩变形与塑性吸能特性研究

目的研究在不同压缩速率下纸瓦楞夹层板的压缩变形与塑性吸能特性。方法利用Hoff夹层板、正交各向异性弹性薄板理论和工程梁理论,研究瓦楞夹层板的横向压缩位移,分析瓦楞芯层的压缩变形模式及塑性吸能特性,提出芯层结构的压溃强度模型,并通过静态压缩实验进行对比分析。结果B型、C型纸瓦楞夹层板的压溃强度理论预测值分别为0.1195,0.0612 MPa,在1,12,18,48 mm/min的压缩速率下,B型纸瓦楞夹层板的压溃强度分别为0.1011,0.1071,0.1048,0.1075 MPa,C型纸瓦楞夹层板的压溃强度分别为0.0462,0.0640,0.0475,0.0451 MPa。结论低应变率(低压缩率)条件下,纸瓦楞夹层板的横向压缩性能影响基本不变,弹性强度、屈服强度、压溃强度等基本相同。对于相同的材质,几何参数对纸瓦楞夹层板的压缩性能和塑性吸能影响较大。     

大长宽比对纸箱抗压能力影响的研究与分析

对获取纸箱抗压能力的3种主要技术手段:试验测试方法、经典公式计算方法和计算机仿真模拟方法的优缺点进行了对比分析。选择0201型BC楞瓦楞纸箱为对象,分别采取试验测试和经典公式计算,在纸板材料、纸箱高度、周长相同的条件下,对长宽比从1～3范围变化的纸箱抗压能力进行了计算和测试。结果表明:长宽比从1变化到3时,纸箱的抗压强度先升再降;当长宽比为1.6左右时,抗压强度达到最大值。试验结果和利用经典抗压能力计算结果的对比分析表明,计算结果均较大地偏离了试验结果。由于不能充分考虑到纸板加工质量、纸箱成型工艺、温湿度及其它因素的影响,经典抗压能力计算公式均是偏保守的。     

截面结构对纸箱抗压强度的影响及定量表征

目的研究截面结构的改变对多边形瓦楞纸箱抗压强度的影响规律。方法改变垂直侧板数量、边长、相邻侧板围成角度进行抗压试验,分析多边形纸箱变形失效过程及抗压强度的变化规律,建立以独立的垂直侧板边长代替周长的计算模型。结果当其他影响纸箱抗压强度的条件一定时,侧板数量的增多会使抗压强度值增大。八边形瓦楞纸箱的侧板边长越接近正多边形、围成角度越接近135°时,抗压强度越大。结论瓦楞纸箱变形失效本质是由侧板结构受压后整体失稳造成的,所提出的计算模型能较真实地反映纸箱受压的力学特性,且能有效表征多边形瓦楞纸箱抗压强度。     

瓦楞纸箱强度的静态仿真分析及试验研究

选用某B型单瓦楞纸箱,将其切割成3段,对各段分别进行抗压试验,以探讨各段对整个纸箱强度的贡献度。考虑瓦楞纸箱的材料非线性和几何非线性,采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对纸箱上段和中段以及整个纸箱进行抗压试验仿真分析,以得到纸箱各段和整个纸箱的压缩变形结果、压溃力和压溃位移。结果表明:仿真分析结果与抗压试验结果基本一致,从而验证了所建模型的可行性,且纸箱的强度基本上取决于横向皱褶。     

逐层交错对瓦楞纸板静态缓冲性能的影响

目的 研究在逐层交错的方式下,交错角度对瓦楞纸板静态缓冲性能的影响。方法 将单瓦楞纸板以逐层交错的方式粘合,制得0°,30°,45°,60°,90°等5种角度的试样,通过平压试验和侧压试验,研究交错角度对瓦楞纸板承载性能和吸能性能的影响。结果 交错角度对试样的密实化应变影响较小;在侧压试验中,交错角度在0°~45°之间时,试样的侧压强度和比吸能随着角度的增大而减小;交错角度在45°~90°之间时,随着角度的增大,试样的侧压强度和比吸能先增大后减小;在平压试验中,交错角度对试样的平均抗压强度和比吸能影响较小。结论 交错角度对瓦楞纸板侧压缓冲性能影响较大,对平压缓冲性能影响较小。     

管式预粘合纸箱结构参数与抗压强度的相关关系

目的研究管式预粘合纸箱结构参数与抗压强度的相关关系,为优化纸箱结构设计以及提高其抗压强度提供依据。方法首先设计普通、四棱台、花形锁等3种代表性管式预粘合纸箱,进而确定3种纸箱影响抗压强度的关键结构参数。其次将各结构参数依次作为自变量,其余结构参数作为常量,利用纸箱抗压试验机进行空箱抗压试验,记录各自的最大压溃力。最后对实验数据进行分析,明确抗压强度与结构参数间的相关关系。结果 3种纸箱的抗压强度均随着周长的增大而增大,其抗压强度并非全部随高度的增大而降低。考虑周长因素时,普通箱的抗压强度最佳;考虑高度因素时,花形锁箱的抗压强度最佳;考虑箱型因素时,当普通箱长宽比接近1.0,四棱台箱下上底比在1.2~1.4范围内,花形锁箱的啮合点和花形锁圆心的连线与水平线所成夹角接近30°时,抗压强度最佳。因结构参数的影响,管式预粘合纸箱的抗压强度整体上显著优于标准开槽纸箱。结论预粘合纸箱的关键结构参数对其抗压强度有显著影响,在设计时应给予足够的重视。     

瓦楞纸箱提手孔形状对抗压强度的影响

对同一规格、不同手孔形状的重型装饰灯具外包装瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度进行了试验,以探讨提手孔形状对纸箱抗压强度的影响。在提手孔形状满足舒适度的前提下,对5 种形状的提手孔进行了试验。试验结果表明,针对瓦楞纸箱抗压强度损失而言,弧形提手孔强度损失最少,梯形提手孔最大,跑道形、山形和半圆形提手孔对纸箱抗压强度的影响程度相差不大。     

基于ANSYS Workbench 的瓦楞纸箱抗压性能仿真研究

建立了瓦楞纸箱的有限元模型并进行了结构修正,应用ANSYS Workbench有限元分析软件对纸箱结构模型进行了屈曲分析,从而求得了瓦楞纸箱的抗压强度,最后通过抗压试验进行了验证。有限元分析结果与试验结果比较接近,验证了模型的有效性。     

Corrugated Box Compression—A Literature Survey

The past 130+ years of research into the production of corrugated packaging has produced a tremendous wealth of information about the structural dynamics of corrugated boxes in use and in failure. Most of the studies in this area were published in the journals of the paper industry. However, much of the current work on corrugated fiberboard packaging now comes from individuals with a focus on corrugated packaging as a whole rather than on the corrugated paper or structures that comprise the packaging material. Because of the difficulty in accessing or identifying some of the previous art, more recent studies may tread ground well covered by others decades earlier. This review focuses on the process of box compression and the utility of box compression testing, bringing previous work back to the fore to provide useful background for current studies. It examines the conditioning and testing process in detail, discusses the state of the art in compression estimation, and explores various parameters that affect box compression strength that are not captured in most current industry models. It also looks at how box compression results are related to field performance of boxes in unit loads. In the process, it identifies many areas for fruitful new research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigation of the effect of column stacked corrugated boxes on load bridging using partial four‐way stringer class wooden pallets

Pallets are the foundation of the global packaging supply chain. They provide a way to store and transport products in an efficient manner. The load capacity of pallets greatly depends on the type of packages carried by the pallet; however, current pallet design methods do not consider the effect of packages on the load carrying capacity of the pallet. This results in excessive use of materials which reduces the sustainability of unit loads, drives costs up, and creates potential safety issues. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of corrugated box size and headspace on pallet deflection and stress distribution on the top of the pallet as a function of pallet stiffness across multiple pallet support conditions. Data analysis identified that box size had a significant effect on the deflection of the pallet. This effect was only significant for warehouse racking across the width and length support conditions. As much as a 53% reduction in pallet deflection was observed for high stiffness pallets supporting corrugated boxes with 25.4‐mm headspace when the size was increased from small to large. The redistribution of vertical compression stresses towards the supports as a function of the increasing box size was observed. The increased concentration of compression stresses on top of the supports and the resulting lower pallet deflection could significantly increase the actual load carrying capacity of some pallet designs. The effect of box headspace was significant in some scenarios but inconsistent; thus, more investigation with a larger sample size is recommended.     

Box Compression Strength: A Crippling Approach

A crippling analysis method has been utilized to estimate the compression strength paperboard boxes. Crippling analysis is typically utilized in the aerospace industry to predict the compressive failure strength of thin, slender structures with complex cross‐sectional geometry. This type of analysis is investigated, because crippling is a simple, predictive method that can provide very good estimates of the compressive failure strength of thin, slender structures. This preliminary study investigates the possibility of applying crippling analysis to estimate paperboard box compression strength by comparing experimental and theoretical results for box compression tests of milk and cigarette boxes in various loading scenarios and with various materials. This preliminary study shows that the crippling method provides results which are almost as accurate as pre‐existing methods, although significant work remains to verify the validity and applicability of the crippling approach for paper‐based boxes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.