AZ91D镁合金表面化学转化处理及镀镍

通过扫描电镜、盐雾实验、显微硬度测量等实验方法,分析AZ91D经化学转化处理及镀镍后的表面形貌、防腐能力以及镀层硬度.实验结果表明:转化膜与基体结合良好;化学转化膜的存在可避免镀镍层失效后发生强烈的电偶腐蚀,增加镀层的耐腐蚀性能;转化膜上沉积的镀镍层具有较高的显微硬度,可以对镁合金基体起到良好的防护作用.     

电沉积方式对Ni-CeO_2纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用直流电沉积、脉冲电沉积和超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层,研究电沉积方式对纳米复合镀层表面形貌、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜分析其磨损机理。结果表明:电沉积方式对Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒尺寸和性能有较大影响;当超声波引入脉冲电沉积过程时,超声波的强力搅拌作用和超声空化效应能促进CeO2纳米颗粒在镀层中均匀分布,进一步减小镀层的晶粒尺寸,明显提高镀层的显微硬度,从而改善镀层的摩擦磨损性能;Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能均优于纯Ni镀层的;而超声辅助脉冲电沉积制备的Ni-CeO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒更加细小、显微硬度最高,其摩擦因数最低,耐磨损性能最佳。     

AZ91镁合金表面制备Ni-SiO2纳米复合电镀层的工艺研究

采用复合电沉积技术在AZ91镁合金表面制备Ni-SiO2纳米复合镀层,并研究各工艺参数对镀层的影响,从而得出最佳工艺.研究结果表明:在镀液中纳米SiO2的添加量为20 g/L,阴极电流密度为1.0 A/dm2,镀液温度为50℃,活性剂A的添加量为1.0 g/L,pH为5～6的条件下,经过20～30 min电沉积,可获得均匀、平滑的镀层,镀层的显微硬度与耐蚀性最佳.     

沉积时间对AZ91D合金表面Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

目的提高镁合金的耐蚀性和耐磨性。方法以AZ91D镁合金为基体,采用SiC颗粒质量浓度为3 g/L的Ni-P化学镀溶液,在其表面沉积不同时间,制备Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度测试、粗糙度仪、电化学腐蚀和磨损等试验来分析和评价Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的厚度、表面粗糙度、显微硬度、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。结果 Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的厚度和表面粗糙度随沉积时间增加而增加,沉积时间为150 min时,镀层厚度可达53μm,表面粗糙度为2.5μm。沉积时间为120 min时,镀层的显微硬度最高,为641HV,此时复合镀层的耐蚀性和耐磨性最好,自腐蚀电位高达-0.73 V,腐蚀电流密度为0.78μA/cm~2,磨损体积最小,为1.04×10~(-3)mm~3。与AZ91D镁合金基体相比,沉积复合镀层后的样品更耐蚀,说明复合镀层有效改善了镁合金基体的耐蚀性。结论沉积时间对Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的性能有一定影响,在沉积时间为120 min时获得的复合镀层具有较好的耐蚀性和耐磨性。     

AZ91D镁合金Ni-P-TiN复合涂层的电沉积制备及其耐蚀性能（英文）

为了提高AZ91D镁合金的耐蚀性能和显微硬度,通过电沉积方法制备Ti N纳米粒子掺杂的Ni-P-Ti N复合涂层。应用扫描电镜、能谱和XRD等手段研究涂层的表面、界面形貌和显微组成,并结合电化学方法研究涂层的耐蚀性能。研究结果表明,经过活化、浸锌和预镀层等系列复杂前处理,可有效提高镁合金在电镀液中的稳定性和涂层结合力,Ti N纳米粒子可以通过电沉积方式掺杂至Ni-P基体中。Ti N纳米颗粒和后续热处理可以有效提高Ni-P涂层的显微硬度。腐蚀结果表明Ni-P-Ti N复合涂层的耐蚀性能比裸AZ91D镁合金大幅增加。在短期浸泡内,Ni-P-Ti N的耐蚀性能与没有Ti N纳米粒子掺杂的Ni-P涂层相当,但Ti N纳米粒子对于提高复合涂层长期耐蚀性能具有重要影响。     

Ni-P-TiN(纳米)化学复合镀层研究

为了提高AZ31镁合金的耐磨性能并扩大其在相关领域的应用,采用化学复合镀技术在AZ31镁合金基体上制备了Ni-P—TiN（纳米）复合镀层,同时制备Ni—P镀层进行比较。研究了复合镀层形貌、成分、硬度和耐磨性能与镀液中纳米TiN颗粒含量的关系。结果表明,复合镀层和Ni—P镀层表面都是由胞状物排列而成;纳米TiN颗粒沉积于Ni—P—TiN（纳米）复合镀层中。当镀液中纳米TiN颗粒浓度为3g／L时,复合镀层硬度达最大值,为826HV,而Ni—P镀层只有508HV;同时复合镀层表现出优异的耐磨性能,在同等条件下其磨损失重只有Ni—P化学镀层的25％。     

MB8镁合金阴极电沉积Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层微观结构及性能

采用以硫酸镍为主盐的电沉积技术,在MB8形变镁合金表面制备纳米复合镀层。利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察复合镀层的显微形貌和微观结构,利用X射线衍射仪和能谱仪对复合镀层进行物相分析,利用显微硬度计测定镀层显微硬度,利用快速磨损试验机测试复合镀层的耐磨性能,利用电化学测试仪测定复合镀层在3.5%NaCl（质量分数）溶液中的极化曲线。结果表明：在MB8形变镁合金表面可以获得结晶均匀、结构致密的纳米复合镀层,该复合镀层的显微硬度最高达HV 682,其耐磨性能超过硬铬镀层,且具有较好的耐蚀性能,自腐蚀电位较镁合金基体提高677 mV。     

镁合金表面TIG熔敷Al2O3增强复合涂层组织及性能研究

采用脉冲钨极氩弧(TIG)熔敷工艺,对AZ91HP镁合金表面熔敷Al-Al2O3涂层的组织结构、耐腐蚀性、显微硬度和磨损形貌进行了研究.结果表明,在电流为150A、电弧移动速度100mm/min时,基体材料表面能够形成由细密的组织中均匀分布的Al2O3颗粒相组成的熔敷层;该熔敷层明显改善了AZ91HP镁合金在ω(NaCl)=3.5%溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,同时提高了镁合金表面的显微硬度和耐磨损性能.     

磁场方向对脉冲电沉积制备Ni-ZrO2 纳米复合镀层性能的影响

目的 研究有无磁场条件和垂直、平行两种磁场方向对脉冲电沉积制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层性能的影响。方法 以45#钢作为基体,采用脉冲电沉积和磁场-脉冲电沉积法成功制备Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、原子力显微镜（AFM）观察纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、微观结构和表面粗糙度,利用显微硬度计、划痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机对纳米复合镀层进行显微硬度、结合力和摩擦磨损性能等力学性能研究。结果 相同工艺条件下,垂直磁场-脉冲电沉积条件制备的Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的晶粒形状为金子塔状,镀层表面粗糙度有所改善,复合镀层显微硬度值最高,为370HV。平行磁场-脉冲电沉积条件下制备的Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层表面平整,均匀致密,复合镀层中Zr的质量分数为8.27%,表面粗糙度Ra和Rq值分别为82 nm和105 nm,镀层结合力为337 N,磨损量低于其他两种镀层的磨损量。结论 施加磁场后,在磁场MHD效应作用下,纳米复合镀层表面形貌平整,均匀致密,显微硬度提高,并且与基体结合性能和耐磨性都优于无磁场条件下制备的纳米复合镀层。平行方向磁场对Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的力学性能有更明显的促进作用。     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光重熔Al-Si-Cu涂层的性能

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Al-Si-Cu合金涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了涂层的微观组织、显微硬度与摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,激光重熔后涂层组织致密均匀,涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度约为基体的2.2倍,由于晶粒细化和硬质相的存在耐磨性较基体明显提高,重熔层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。     

Wear and corrosion properties of laser cladded Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8/SiC amorphous composite coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy

To improve the wear and corrosion properties of AZ91D magnesium alloys, Cu-based amorphous composite coatings were fabricated on AZ91D magnesium alloy by laser cladding using mixed powders of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 and SiC. The wear and corrosion behaviours of the coatings were investigated. The wear resistance of the coatings was evaluated under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was tested in 3.5% （mass fraction） NaCl solution. The coatings exhibit excellent wear resistance due to the recombined action of amorphous phase and different intermetallic compounds. The main wear mechanisms of the coatings and the AZ91D sample are different. The former is abrasive wear and the latter is adhesive wear. The coatings compared with AZ91D magnesium alloy also exhibit good corrosion resistance because of the presence of the amorphous phase in the coatings.     

Mg3Sb2含量对Al-Mg3Sb2复相涂层耐磨性的影响

目的研究Mg_3Sb_2含量对Al-Mg_3Sb_2复相涂层的组织、硬度和摩擦学性能的影响,对比分析AZ31B镁合金基体、纯Al涂层和添加不同含量的Mg_3Sb_2之后涂层性能的差异。方法通过火焰喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金表面制备了Al-Mg_3Sb_2复相涂层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了涂层的截面形貌,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层的物相组成。通过显微硬度计测试了AZ31B和涂层的硬度,通过摩擦磨损试验仪测试了AZ31B和涂层的摩擦学性能,并通过超景深三维显微镜测试了试样的磨痕宽度、深度及磨损体积。结果经火焰喷涂后可得到组织致密的复相涂层,涂层中的物相主要为Mg_3Sb_2和Al。涂层的平均硬度随Mg_3Sb_2含量的增加而增加,最高可达334.2HV0.025,是AZ31B的4.14倍。摩擦磨损试验中,涂层的摩擦系数随着Mg_3Sb_2含量的增加而减小,但都大于AZ31B的摩擦系数;涂层的磨损率随着Mg_3Sb_2含量的增加而减小,60%Mg_3Sb_2和80%Mg_3Sb_2涂层的磨损率小于AZ31B的磨损率,其他涂层的磨损率大于AZ31B的磨损率,80%Mg_3Sb_2涂层的耐磨性最好,比AZ31B下降了63.26%。随着Mg_3Sb_2含量的增加,Al-Mg_3Sb_2复相涂层的磨痕表面犁沟逐渐变浅并消失。结论 Mg_3Sb_2的加入可以提高涂层的硬度,随着其含量的增加,涂层的耐磨性逐渐提高。     

纯镁和AZ91HP镁合金微弧氧化膜性能比较

在环保型电解液中,采用电压-时间曲线、等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了纯镁和AZ91HP两种基体材料对氧化过程、氧化膜表面形貌及成分的影响.根据电压-时间曲线,在氧化时间分别为1 min和5 min时,AZ91HP镁合金的电流效率比纯镁低,可能是由AZ91HP中的合金元素铝氧化并进入氧化膜中导致裂缝增加,成为析氧中心所导致的.在AZ91HP镁合金上生成的氧化膜孔的均匀性没有纯镁好,并且最大孔的直径比在纯镁上的氧化膜大.EDS分析表明,随着氧化时间延长,氧化膜中Si和P含量增加;而在氧化时间相同的情况下,两种基体上形成的氧化膜成分没有明显区别.ICP方法没有检测到氧化溶液中含有Mg~(2+)和Al~(3+),表明这两种离子在溶液中的浓度很低.     

Improvement of wear resistance of AZ31 and AZ91HP by high current pulsed electron beam treatment

The surface modification of magnesium alloys （AZ31 and AZ91 HP） was studied by a high current pulsed electron beam（HCPEB）. The results show that the cross-sectional microhardness of treated samples increases not only in the heat affected zone（ HAZ）, but also beyond HAZ, reaching over 250μm. This is due to the action of quasi-static thermal stress and the shock thermal stress wave with materials, which result in its fast deformation on the surface layer and so increases microhardness. For the AZ91HP alloy, a nearly complete dissolution of the intermetallic phase Mg17Al12 is observed, and a super-saturated solid solution forms on the re-melted surface, which is due to the solute trapping effect during the fast solidification process. Measurements on sliding wear show that wear resistance is improved by approximately 5.6 and 2.4 times for the AZ31 and AZ91HP respectively, as compared with as-received samples.     

Feasibility of Al−TiC coating on AZ91 magnesium alloy by TIG alloying method for tribological application

An attempt was made to improve the surface properties of the AZ91 Mg alloy through surface alloying of a mixture of Al and TiC with the help of TIG arc as heat source. The microstructural evolution of the alloyed layer on the AZ91 alloy was analysed through SEM and XRD technique. The micro-hardness and the dry sliding wear behaviour were assessed by Vickers micro-hardness tester and pin-on-disc wear test setup, respectively. It is revealed that almost uniform alloyed layer forms on the AZ91 alloy substrate for a specific current and scan speed employed in the present experiments. The alloyed layer exhibits hardness value up to 305 HV_0.25, and almost negligible wear as compared to the as-received AZ91 alloy substrate.     

Structure and wear resistance of TiN and TiAlN coatings on AZ91 alloy deposited by multi-arc ion plating

In order to investigate the microstructure of TiN and TiAlN coatings and their effect on the wear resistance of Mg alloy, TiN and TiAlN coatings were deposited on AZ91 magnesium alloy by multi-arc ion plating technology. TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were prepared on the substrate, respectively, which exhibited dark golden color and compact microstructure. The microstructures of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-hardness and wear resistance of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated in comparison with the uncoated AZ91 alloy. The XRD peaks assigned to TiN and TiAlN phases are found. The hardness of TiN coatings is two times as high as that of AZ91 alloy, and Ti70Al30N coating exhibits the highest hardness. The wear resistance of the hard coatings increases obviously as result of their high hardness.     

Enhanced corrosioon resistance by sol‐gel‐based ZrO2‐CeO2 coatings on magnesium alloys

The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys make them attractive materials for automotive and aerospace applications. However, these materials are susceptible to corrosion and wear. This work discusses the potential of using sol‐gel based coatings consisting of ZrO₂ and 15 wt.% of CeO₂. The CeO₂ component provides enhanced corrosion protection, while ZrO₂ impart corrosion as well as wear resistance. Coating deposition was performed by the dip coating technique on two magnesium alloy substrates with different surface finishes: AZ91D (as‐casted, sand‐blasted, and machined) and AZ31 (rolled and machined). All as‐deposited coatings (xerogel coatings) were then subjected to 10 h annealilng: a temperature of 180°C was applied to the AZ91D alloy and 140°C to the AZ31 alloy. Morphological and structural properties of the annealed coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Coating composition was examined using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Adhesion of the annealed ZrO₂‐CeO₂ coatings on the substrates, assessed by scratch tests, showed critical loads indicative of coating perforation of up to 32 N. Hardness and elasticity, measured using depth‐sensing nanoindentation tests, gave a hardness and elastic modulus of 4.5 GPa and 98 GPa, respectively. Salt spray corrosion tests performed on these coatings showed superior corrosion resistance for AZ91D (as‐casted and machined) and AZ31 (machined), while severe corrosion was observed for the AZ31 (rolled) and AZ91D (sand‐blasted) magnesium alloy substrates.     

The use of Al-Al2O3 cold spray coatings to improve the surface properties of magnesium alloys

Pure Al and 6061 aluminium alloy based Al₂O₃ particle-reinforced composite coatings were produced on AZ91E substrates using cold spray. The strength of the coating/substrate interface in tension was found to be stronger than the coating itself. The coatings have corrosion resistance similar to that of bulk pure aluminium in both salt spray and electrochemical tests. The wear resistance of the coatings is significantly better than that of the AZ91 Mg substrate, but the significant result is that the wear rate of the coatings is several decades lower than that of various bulk Al alloys tested for comparison. The effect of post-spray heat treatment, the volume fraction of Al₂O₃ within the coating and of the type of Al powder used in the coatings on the corrosion and wear resistance was also discussed.     

Tribological and corrosion behavior of PEO coatings with graphite nanoparticles on AZ91 and AZ80 magnesium alloys

The effect of the addition of graphite nanoparticles into the electrolyte used to produce plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings on AZ91 and AZ80 magnesium alloys was studied. The corrosion and wear resistances of the obtained coatings were investigated. A solution that contained both phosphates and silicates was used as electrolyte. Moreover, two different PEO treatment times were studied. The corrosion resistance was analyzed with potentiodynamic polarization and EIS tests; the wear resistance was investigated with a flat on ring tribometer. The results were related to the morphology, microstructure, elemental composition and thickness evaluated with SEM analysis. The presence of the graphite nanoparticles increased the thickness, produced a densification of the coating and sealed the pores on the surface, thus improving both the corrosion and wear resistance. The increase in the corrosion and wear resistances was more evident for AZ91 than for AZ80 due to the higher aluminum content.     

Influences of laser powers on microstructure and properties of the coatings on the AZ91HP magnesium alloy

Al-Si alloy coatings were prepared on AZ91HP magnesium alloy by broad-beam laser cladding; the influences of the powers on the microstructure and properties of the coatings were discussed. It was found that the microstructure of the coatings at the powers of 3 and 3.5kW was characterized by Mg₂Si dendrites, and needle-like Mg₂Al₃(hcp) dispersing in the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ matrix, whereas the coating at the power of 2.5 kW was composed of the petal-like Mg₂Al₃ (fcc) as well as the needle-like Mg₂Al₃(hcp). The coating at the power of 4 kW appeared as α-Mg solid solution and Mg₂Si, Mg₁₇Al₁₂, as well as Mg₂Al₃ (hcp). The coatings with the powers of 3 and 3.5　kW exhibited higher microhardness and better wear resistance because of more Mg₂Si and Mg₁₇Al₁₂. However, the coating at the power of 2.5 kW displayed better corrosion resistance.