云南某地区儿童及青少年铅中毒现状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨云南某地区儿童及青少年铅中毒影响因素,为当地制定有效的预防措施提供依据.方法采用原子吸收光谱仪对云南某地区1 379名儿童及青少年进行静脉血铅检测,血铅水平≥100μg/L为铅中毒.结果1 379名儿童及青少年血铅水平范围在1~450μg/L,血铅水平为(82.87±66.97)μg/L,铅中毒儿童341例,铅中毒率为24.7%.不同性别、年龄段、居住地间中毒率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血铅超标的主要影响因素为性别、年龄和居住地离开采区距离.结论 云南某地区儿童及青少年铅中毒率较高,男童、学龄前期儿童,居住地距离矿区较近者易发生血铅中毒.     

786名儿童血铅测定结果分析

目的:测查学龄前儿童的血铅水平,对不同性别、年龄儿童血铅水平进行比较研究。方法:对786名学龄前儿童进行血铅含量测定,进行回顾性统计分析。结果:血铅平均值为(46.92±27.84)μg/L,铅中毒发生率为8.78%,均为轻度铅中毒,男女性别铅中毒率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),年龄组儿童血铅水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对轻度铅中毒要引起重视,早发现,早干预。     

2009年广州地区儿童血铅水平调查

目的调查2009年广州地区儿童血铅水平。方法使用原子吸收光谱法测定2009年本院37318名儿童的血铅水平,并分别对不同年龄和性别的儿童血铅平均水平和铅中毒发生率进行统计分析。结果广州地区儿童血铅总体均值为47.55μg/L;血铅水平≥100μg/L的占2.91%,其中血铅水平在200～249μg/L的占0.25%,血铅水平在250～449μg/L的占0.28%,血铅水平450μg/L的仅占0.035%;男童血铅总体均值(49.37μg/L)高于女童(44.28μg/L)。结论 2009年广州地区儿童血铅水平及铅中毒率较往年有所下降。     

深圳市宝安区1～6岁儿童血铅含量调查

目的调查深圳市宝安区1～6岁儿童的血铅含量。方法采用钨舟原子吸收法调查宝安区1 326名1～6岁儿童的血铅含量。结果结果表明,1 326名儿童血铅均值为（56.88±15.8）μg/L,血铅含量大于100μg/L的高铅血症儿童170名,占测测定人数的12.82%,血铅含量大于200μg/L的铅中毒儿童21名,占测定人数的1.58%,铅中毒无性别差异（P〉0.05）。结论深圳市宝安区1～6岁儿童血铅含量较高,应制定有效控制措施,切实保护学龄前儿童的身体健康。     

南宁市学龄前儿童血铅水平对体格发育和心理行为影响的研究

目的:探讨南宁市学龄前儿童血铅水平(BPb)对体格发育和心理行为的影响.方法:对南宁市624名2～6岁学龄前儿童进行血铅、体格发育、血红蛋白以及心理行为的测定.结果:以美国国家疾病预防控制中心制定的铅中毒标准(血铅水平100μg/L)为界线,2～岁组、4～岁组和总体男童血铅水平显著高于女童(P＜0.05);男女童各年龄组间血铅水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2～岁组、3～岁组和总体男童的铅中毒检出率显著高于女童(P＜0.05);男女童各年龄组间铅中毒检出率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);学龄前儿童血铅水平对身高和体重达标率及贫血发生率的影响差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);血铅水平≥100 μg/L的学龄前儿童交往不良、躯体叙述攻击和多动违纪行为的发生率显著高于血铅水平＜100 μg/L的学龄前儿童(P＜0.05).结论:南宁市学龄前儿童血铅含量存在性别差异,而且血铅水平对学龄前儿童心理行为具有一定的影响.     

湛江市区学龄前儿童血铅、锌、铜、钙、铁、血红蛋白水平的测定

目的了解湛江市区学龄前儿童血铅、锌、铜、钙、铁、血红蛋白的水平。方法对湛江市区440名3~6岁的儿童进行静脉血铅、锌、铜、钙、铁测定,同时取末梢血测定血红蛋白含量。结果440名儿童血铅为0.625±0.319μmol/L,其中铅中毒(血铅值≥0.483μmol/L)流行率为56.4%。铅中毒儿童的血锌、钙、血红蛋白水平均低于非铅中毒儿童的血锌、钙、血红蛋白水平(P<0.01),而且血钙、血红蛋白水平随着铅中毒的程度加重而逐渐降低;血铜、铁水平在非铅中毒及不同程度的铅中毒儿童中差异无显著性(P均>0.05)。结论湛江市区的儿童铅中毒流行率明显高于全国儿童的平均值(29.91%),铅中毒儿童存在缺锌、缺钙及血红蛋白水平下降等状况。     

胜利油田2～13岁儿童血铅水平流行病学调查

目的了解胜利油田儿童血铅水平及铅中毒的年龄、性别、地域分布特点。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对胜利油田2~13岁3419名儿童进行末梢血铅含量的测定。结果胜利油田2~13岁儿童血铅水平均值为57.54μg/L,血铅值≥100μg/L者为13.02%,血铅值≥200μg/L者为1.14%。胜利油田中心城区儿童血铅平均值为58.69μg/L,明显高于生活区和远郊地区。随着年龄的增长,血铅水平及铅中毒检出率呈上升趋势。男童血铅平均值60.85μg/L明显高于女童血铅平均值53.75μg/L(p<0.01)。结论(1)与国内外相关报道资料相比,胜利油田2~13岁儿童的平均血铅水平及铅中毒检出率均较低。(2)儿童血铅水平存在明显的性别差异、年龄差异和地域差异。     

学龄前儿童血铅水平研究

目的　了解北京市推广使用无铅汽油后学龄前儿童血铅水平。方法　采用ASV方法对 136 0名 2～ 6岁保健门诊儿童血铅水平进行测定 ,同期检测 6 16名幼儿园儿童并比较。结果　检测 1976名儿童中 ,铅中毒 (血铅水平 >10 μg/dl,1μg/dl=0 .0 4 83μmol/L)儿童 2 5 8人 ,占 13.1% ,幼儿园和儿童保健门诊儿童平均血铅水平分别为 (4 .93± 3.3) μg/dl、(6 .6 2± 4 .5 7) μg/dl,两组间差异有显著性P <0 .0 0 1。 结论　北京市儿童血铅水平及流行率明显下降 ,幼儿园儿童低于保健门诊儿童。     

两种诊断标准下2 141名学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

目的了解不同诊断标准下北京市丰台区2006年学龄前儿童血铅水平.方法采取整群分层随机抽样的方法,选择北京市丰台区6所城区幼儿园和6所农村幼儿园在园2～6岁儿童2 141名儿童,测定其血铅值,分别以卫生部《儿童高血铅症和铅中毒分级和处理原则(试行)》和美国CDC制定儿童铅中毒标准为依据进行分析.结果丰台区学龄前儿童血铅水平均数为73.90μg/L,其中血铅水平≥100μg/L的比例为10.46%;儿童血铅水平存在显著的性别差异,男童血铅水平≥100μg/L发生率高于女童,且具有统计学意义.血铅水平以2岁组儿童血铅水平最高;儿童血铅水平无显著的地域差异,城市儿童血铅水平和血铅≥100μg/L的发生率与农村儿童无差别(P＞0.05).结论两种诊断标准相比,国内标准引入"高血铅症"概念,缩小了"铅中毒"的范围,但是两种不同的诊断标准,防治原则却基本相同,"高血铅症"同样应引起足够警惕和重视,无论在哪一种诊断标准下,都应积极防治铅损伤,保护儿童健康.     

吉林地区0～6岁儿童血铅水平调查

目的了解吉林地区0～6岁儿童血铅水平分布特点及影响因素,以期为做好儿童保健工作提供依据。方法对吉林地区1335例托幼园所儿童进行血铅水平测定。结果1335名儿童血铅水平总体均值为0.344μmol/L,其中≥0.48μmol/L的占14.5%。不同性别间儿童血铅水平均值和铅中毒率差别无显著性,不同年龄组的儿童血铅水平均值随年龄的增长逐步上升。结论不良的卫生和饮食习惯及外界环境的污染是儿童血铅水平高的主要危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.