TBM与常规法隧道施工方案选择系统

为了使长大隧道施工方案合理,提出并建立了隧道施工方案选择系统.该系统运用模糊层次分析法,建立了目标、准则、指标、方案的四层的层次结构模型.以与隧道施工相关的各项因素为评判指标,采用专家法对各指标评判,构造出模糊判断矩阵,在此基础上得到各指标归一化权重.采用该法对某工程实例的施工方案进行比较选择,结果表明该系统具有较好的优选性.     

模糊层次分析法的改进及其在地铁施工风险评估中的应用

地铁施工风险评估中,在辨识出地铁风险因素后,运用层次分析法来建立风险指标评价体系,进而对风险因素进行权重排序,可为后面的模糊综合评判奠定基础。传统的层次分析法在计算权重时,存在判断矩阵一致性难以保证且精度不高的缺陷。文章对传统的层次分析法的9标度法进行改进,使其转化为满足一致性要求的模糊一致性矩阵;利用约束规划问题的解得出各因素的权重,并用数学迭代法对权重向量进行迭代,直至满足精度要求。由于不需要再进行一致性检验,采用改进的方法大大减少了计算量。通过合肥地铁1、2号线施工的风险因素权重排序的实例计算,证实了该方法的优越之处。     

电力企业实施合同能源管理的融资模式选择

采用层析分析法(AHP)对我国电力企业实施合同能源管理的融资模式进行研究。构建了以融资成本、机会成本、风险成本、效益分享额、国家政策因素、电力企业自身因素为准则的层次结构模型,通过专家问卷调查得到模型中各准则之间的权重关系,运用Yaahp软件构建了各准则之间的两两判断矩阵,并进行了矩阵的一致性检验。研究发现:与保证节能量结构的融资模式相比,共享节能量结构的融资模式具有相对优势,但两者权重相差不大;电力企业实施EPC时融资模式的选择不仅受到六个准则因素的影响,而且与投资及可能实现的收益规模也有一定的关系。     

Fuzzy AHP中权重确定方法的探讨与改进

分析了三角模糊数法确定ＡＨＰ指标权重时存在的缺陷。通过引进专家评判可信度因子,对原来的计算方法做了改进,既充分利用三角模糊判断矩阵的信息,又使一般的刚性评判转化为弹性评判,增加了评价结果的可信度。     

模糊数学评判方法在桥梁结构受损状态评定中的应用

运用模糊数学中的模糊评判方法,建立结构损伤度函数及隶属函数模型,结合专家提供的各评估对象的因素权重,对在役桥梁结构损伤的状态进行模糊综合评判,通过比较桥梁损伤度隶属函数值的大小来确定其对应的受损程度等级.结合实例分析结果表明,糊数学评判方法可以较好地运用于桥梁结构受损状态评判,且其评判结果与中国公路桥梁管理系统(简称CBMS)应用软件计算的结果一致.     

施工阶段主要分部工程质量政府监督评价方法

施工过程是政府质量监督的关键环节,政府质量监督须从建设主体行为、质量实施投入、质量实施过程、质量产出结果和现场质量抽查5个方面对施工过程进行质量监督评价,其评价是一个多层次的模糊评判过程。采用AHP方法来确定评价各层次的隶属权重,采用专家非同权重的加权平均打分法确定子准则层分值,通过模糊运算确定评价值,并依据评价标准做出监督决策。     

层次分析法在智能大厦系统建设中的应用

运用层次分析法解决了智能大厦系统建设中的多目标投资决策分析问题.通过对智能大厦建设中结构、系统、服务、运营及其相互联系的全面综合的叙述和分析,对于A、B、C3个设计方案,选取了6个评价准则,并运用层次分析法建立层次指标体系,通过对用户和专家的调查和评分,将分目标在相对总目标的前提下两两比较,得到比较矩阵.通过权重计算得到准则层的权重为(D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6)=(0.168,0.189,0.187,0.05,0.15,0.256)T,方案层相对总目标的权重排序为(A,B,C)=(0.381,0.404,0.215)T.由计算结果知,方案B权重最重,其次是方案A,再次是C.所得判断矩阵都满足一致性要求,误差均小于0.1.     

层次分析法在智能大厦系统建设中的应用

运用层次分析法解决了智能大厦系统建设中的多目标投资决策分析问题.通过对智能大厦建设中结构、系统、服务、运营及其相互联系的全面综合的叙述和分析,对于A、B、C3个设计方案,选取了6个评价准则,并运用层次分析法建立层次指标体系,通过对用户和专家的调查和评分,将分目标在相对总目标的前提下两两比较,得到比较矩阵.通过权重计算得到准则层的权重为(D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6)=(0.168,0.189,0.187,0.05,0.15,0.256)T,方案层相对总目标的权重排序为(A,B,C)=(0.381,0.404,0.215)T.由计算结果知,方案B权重最重,其次是方案A,再次是C.所得判断矩阵都满足一致性要求,误差均小于0.1.     

AHP和模糊综合评判法在企业合作伙伴选择上的应用

对于SDN企业在合作伙伴中的选择问题,文章首先由相关专家根据各指标因素的相对重要程度对其赋予相应的权重,然后利用层次分析法由各级判断矩阵求得各层次指标的权重,最后通过赋予恰当的主观权系数将这两种权重进行加权平均从而得到各指标的最终权重;再运用模糊综合评判法确定各个方案的评价指标,然后进行综合排序并得到评判结果;最后结合具体实例验证了该方法的实用性。     

公路项目综合评价方法研究

基于公路建设项目与社会、经济、环境协调发展的角度考虑，并结合中国国情，作者建立了公路建设项目各指标协调发展的三级评价指标体系即目标层指标、准则层指标和指标层指标.运用模糊数学理论，作者建立了NPV、Nd、IRR、BCR的隶属函数.运用集值统计方法对社会效益指标体系和环境效益指标体系中的七个指标进行了无量纲化处理，得到无量纲矩阵.通过对定量与定性指标的评判，得到单因素评价矩阵.运用AHP法，对若干备选方案作相对评价和综合评价，确定各因素的权重，排列出各方案的优劣次序.根据最大隶属原则，求得了公路项目各指标协     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to