Characterization of Stress Concentration by Tangential Component Hp(x) of Metal Magnetic Memory Signals

The correlation between the stress concentration and the spontaneous magnetic signals of metal magnetic memory(MMM) was investigated via tensile tests. Sheet specimens of the Q235 steel were machined into standard bars with rectangular holes to obtain various stress concentration factors. The tangential component Hp(x) of MMM signals and its related magnetic characteristic parameters throughout the loading process were presented and analyzed. It is found that the tangential component Hp(x) is sensitive to the abnormal magnetic changes caused by the local stress concentration in the defect area. The minimum magnetic field is positively correlated to the magnitude of the load and the distance from the notch. The tangential magnetic stress concentration factor presents good numerical stability during the entire loading process, and can be used to evaluate the stress concentration factor. The results obtained will be a complement to the MMM technique.     

早期损伤临界应力状态磁记忆检测技术

针对目前磁记忆研究中缺乏早期损伤应力状态系统试验研究,开展了单向拉伸和三点弯曲不同应力状态下,濒临损伤的临界应力状态磁记忆特征信号提取试验.通过对Q235B和X70钢不同形状试样在不同应力状态试验中临界应力状态的磁记忆检测,首次给出了单向拉伸中临界屈服状态的磁记忆信号特征,同时给出两向应力状态濒临损伤的极限弯矩对应的磁记忆信号表征.金相检测结果进一步证明了早期损伤临界应力状态磁记忆信号表征结果的正确性.     

长输管道盗油孔弱磁检测

为了确保油气长输管道的安全运行,针对管道上盗油孔的检测问题,研究了盗油孔处剩磁检测信号的变化特征.采用磁畴模型对盗油孔漏磁信号的分布特征进行了研究,利用有限元分析方法对铁磁性试件进行了静力学分析和静磁学分析,模拟了盗油孔处剩磁信号的变化规律.研究结果表明:在应力集中区域存在着漏磁信号,其分布规律随应力的变化而变化;在弱磁场作用下,可以较好地检测到由应力引起的自发漏磁信号.     

拉伸实验中的金属磁记忆信号总体特征研究

为了确定构件承载应力与金属磁记忆信号之间关系,以推进金属磁记忆法在构件检测中的应用,制备了不同尺寸和结构的拉伸试件,在试件承受不同拉伸载荷的情况下,进行了金属磁记忆检测,分析了金属磁记忆信号的总体特征Deta.研究表明:Deta作为金属磁记忆检测信号的特征量可以描述构件承载水平的高低;随着构件承载增加,Deta将逐渐减小,在达到材料屈服极限后,Deta保持在一定水平波动;对应材料X70屈服极限的Deta值是79.27A/m,高于该值时,X70构件是安全的.     

磁吸附检测爬壁机器人的研究

研制了一种具有自动校准垂直检测手的磁吸附检测爬壁机器人,提高了石化企业储罐表面涂层检测测量的准确性及可靠性,并分析了其实现的机现,研制了以８９Ｃ５１单片机为核心的测控＊系统。     

孔隙式隔振系统非线性阻尼特性

针对舰载设备隔振系统中双出杆液压孔隙式粘滞阻尼器阻尼力的非线性问题,建立了考虑油液压缩性的隔振系统数学模型,提出了基于AMESIM仿真试验确定隔振系统阻尼力的方法,依据仿真得到的系统压力确定了阻尼力流动指数并验证了流动指数取值的合理性.搭建隔振系统的试验装置,利用通过冲击试验获得的隔振系统位移和加速度响应验证隔振系统数学模型的准确性.结果表明,数学模型仿真和冲击试验结果误差在6%以内,为液压阻尼器非牛顿流体阻尼力的计算提供了有效、快捷的途径.     

基于磁机械效应的铁磁材料漏磁检测数值模拟

为更准确地描述材料的非线性磁机械耦合效应，以非线性磁致伸缩应变方程、有效场理论和能量平衡方程等为基础提出新的磁弹性耦合模型与变刚度模型，分析了铁磁材料的磁机械效应和变刚度效应，并利用数值分析软件将非线性磁化模型的理论结果与仿真过程进行耦合。结果表明，仿真得到的缺陷泄漏场分布与已有研究结果一致，验证了所提出模型与仿真方法的可行性和准确性。分析了应力、缺陷尺寸和缺陷位置对表面磁场的影响，结果表明：在拉伸载荷作用下，试样表面法向磁场信号呈类S形曲线，切向信号呈类锥形曲线，其极值均随载荷增加先减小后增大；试样存在缺陷时，不同采集路径上获取的信号存在很大差异，缺陷边缘路径上的漏磁场峰值与缺陷长度呈负相关，而峰值距离和跨度却相反，在远离缺陷的采集路线上，漏磁场信号的峰值和跨度均与缺陷长度呈正相关。     

Analysis of stress-magnetic coupling effect in weak magnetic environment

Metal magnetic memory (MMM) signals are difficult to be analyzed due to noise interference, which limits its practical engineering application. A method of improving the magnetic signals is proposed in this paper by placing the excitation device which generates a weak external magnetic field about 100 A/m. The effect of the external magnetic field on the magnetic signals is studied using both finite element method (FEM) and uniaxial tensile tests. Comparison of the test data with the simulation ones of stress-magnetic coupling shows that the magnetic signals are strengthened and the measurement sensitivity of the detection system is greatly improved through the external magnetic excitation. Moreover, the FEM result has a good agreement with the testing results of No.20 steel plate. The proposed method has laid a foundation for further practical engineering application.     

应力集中引起的金属磁记忆现象的研究

金属磁记忆检测技术是一种新兴的无损检测技术，有着广阔的应用前景，但关于磁记忆现象产生的机理的研究还很不完善，由应力集中引起的磁场变化特征没有得到专门的研究．本以双侧U形凹1：7的应力集中试样为例，在实验机上对其进行拉伸，用专用的检测仪检测其在静载状态下所产生的磁场信号．结果表明磁场分布状况和应力集中的状况之间有较好的一致性，说明了金属磁记忆检测技术可以用于检测应力集中，因而可以为应力的检测探索一种新的方法，具有重要的现实意义．     

MMM testing and failure analysis of fastening bolts on reciprocating compressor cylinder cover

To avoid the serious accidents caused by the failure fastening bolts on reciprocating compressor cylinder cover,a new nondestructive testing(NDT) technology,metal magnetic memory(MMM) testing,was applied to safety evaluating and failure analyzing for the fastening bolts.Based on the dynamic stress calculation of the failure bolts,MMM testing was carried out at workshop.Given are the MMM stress distribution characteristics of the failure bolts and fracture faces.It has been found that the MMM signal variation amplitude of the crack transition zone in the fracture surface is minimal,that of the crack initiation zone is in the middle,and that of the tear fracture zone is maximal.The failure reasons were analyzed with MMM effect.The results of the metallographic examination showed that the validity and feasibility of MMM testing and failure analysis.This means MMM technology is a new,fast and validity method of failure analysis.     

Metal magnetic memory testing for early damage assessment in ferromagnetic materials

In order to investigate the physical mechanism of metal magnetic memory testing, both the influences of earth magnetic field and applied stress on magnetic domain structure were discussed. Static tension and fatigue tests for low carbon steel plate specimens were carried out on hydraulic servo testing machine of MTS810 type and magnetic signals were measured during the processes by the type of EMS-2003 instrument. The results indicate that the initial magnetic signals of specimens are different before loading. The magnetic signals curves are transformed from initial random to regular pattern due to the effect of two types of loads. However, the shape and distribution of magnetic signal curves in the elastic region are different from that of plastic region in tension test. While in fatigue test those magnetic signals curves corresponding to different cycles are similar. The Hp (y) value of magnetic signals on the fracture zone increases dramatically at the breaking transient time and positive-negative magnetic poles occur on the two parts of fracture zone.     

磁记忆检测套管应力集中信号和特征量研究

铁磁性工件在载荷的作用下,应力和变形集中区会产生最大的漏磁场变化,金属磁记忆技术可有效判断套管应力集中区.对漏磁场法向分量的测定可以准确地推断工件的应力集中区.井下的恶劣环境对磁记忆系统提出更高的要求.将数字平滑和小波去噪方法引入磁记忆检测系统的信号处理中,提高了信噪比,有效地提取了磁记忆信号中的梯度;同时为准确确定应力集中的位置,提出了新的特征量选取.实验结果证实了方法的有效性和可行性.     

坯绸检验改进措施的探讨

坯绸或坯布检验是丝绸纺织行业生产的重要一环。本文从工效学的角度总结了传统检验法及验布机法的优点和不足,指出了对验布机的改进措施,并提出了新的检验方法及检验仪器的设计思路。     

金属磁记忆在齿轮早期微裂纹检测中的应用

依据金属磁记忆检测的基本原理,提出关于齿轮早期局部微裂纹缺陷的漏磁信号模型,指出在裂纹区域,漏磁场的切向分量具有峰值,而法向分量过零、其梯度具有峰值,分析了裂纹深度对上述特征的影响,并将上述理论应用于实际齿轮表面微裂纹检测,显微分析的结果论证了磁记忆检测的有效性。     

电动式储罐底板腐蚀漏磁检测仪的研制

在研究漏磁场原理的基础上,设计了一种电动式储罐底板漏磁检测仪,该检测仪由机械扫查探测部分和信号处理部分组成．实验室和现场试验表明,该小型储罐底板腐蚀漏磁检测仪检测效率高、可靠性好,而且便于携带和操作,有效地解决了储罐底板腐蚀的检测问题．     

Metal magnetic memory testing for early damage assessment in ferromagnetic materials

In order to investigate the physical mechanism of metal magnetic memory testing, both the influences of earth magnetic field and applied stress on magnetic domain structure were discussed. Static tension and fatigue tests for low carbon steel plate specimens were carried out on hydraulic servo testing machine of MTS810 type and magnetic signals were measured during the processes by the type of EMS-2003 instrument. The results indicate that the initial magnetic signals of specimens are different before loading. The magnetic signals curves are transformed from initial random to regular pattern due to the effect of two types of loads. However, the shape and distribution of magnetic signal curves in the elastic region are different from that of plastic region in tension test. While in fatigue test those magnetic signals curves corresponding to different cycles are similar. The H _p(y) value of magnetic signals on the fracture zone increases dramatically at the breaking transient time and positive-negative magnetic poles occur on the two parts of fracture zone. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Influence of stress on the stray field signals of ferromagnetic materials

To investigate the influence of stress alone on the stray field signals of ferromagnetic materials, the static tensile tests of 0.45%C steel and 45CrNiMoVA steel fiat-shaped specimens were performed on an MTSSI0 hydraulic testing machine. Hp(y) signals,the normal component of spontaneous stray field, were measured during the testing process by an EMS-2003 metal magnetic mem-ory diagnostic apparatus cooperated with a non-magnetic electric control displacement instrument. Fracture and microstructure were observed by a scanning electronic microscope and a transmission electron microscope, respectively. The relationships between axial applied stress or residual stress measured by X-ray diffraction method and Hp(y) were analyzed. The results indicate that some regu-lar pattern of the magnetic curve is displayed only between applied stress and stray field signals. The magnetic ordering process stops due to dislocation pinning magnetic domain structure, and Hp(y) value unvaried nearly with applied load increasing in the plastic de-formation stage.     

弱磁场对去离子水及蔗糖溶液过冷过程的影响

为了研究溶液过冷度和过冷时间在磁场作用下的变化规律,研究了弱直流磁场作用下去离子水和蔗糖溶液的过冷现象。采用亥姆霍兹线圈产生匀强磁场,线圈连接到可以改变输出电流值的直流电源上,从而可以控制磁场强度的大小。研究去离子水以及4种不同质量分数的蔗糖溶液(ω₁=2%、ω₂=5%、ω₃=8%、ω₄=10%)在直流磁场作用下的过冷度及过冷态时间的变化,在冷却和冻结过程中记录溶液温度和时间。结果表明:对于去离子水,直流磁场会提高过冷度,过冷时间会有所延长;而对于蔗糖溶液,不同强度的直流磁场对不同质量分数的蔗糖溶液过冷过程的影响呈现多极值现象。该试验结果可以为磁场应用于控制溶液的冷冻干燥过程提供指导。     

磁记忆信号与应力之间的关系

为明确磁记忆信号与工作应力和残余应力之间的对应关系,对Q235低碳钢板状试件进行了静载拉伸实验.利用TSC-1M-4型磁检测仪,研究了光滑试件和人工缺陷试件表面法向磁场强度在不同工作载荷下及卸载后的变化规律.结果表明:磁记忆信号与工作应力之间具有较好的相关性,利用相邻两磁信号之间的相关系数可以判断试件是否处于某种临界或极限状态;塑性变形前后的离线磁信号并无明显区别,但断裂后的磁信号及梯度曲线可用于准确识别断裂位置.     

拉应力对不同厚度Q345钢磁记忆信号的影响

为明确磁记忆信号与拉应力之间的对应关系和几何尺寸对试件表面磁场的影响,对Q345低合金钢不同厚度板状试件进行静载拉伸实验.利用TSC-1M-4型磁检测仪,研究3种厚度的光滑试件表面磁记忆信号在不同拉应力下的变化规律.结果表明:弹性阶段磁记忆信号与拉应力之间有较好的相关性,塑性阶段两者相关性较弱;切向磁记忆信号对试件局部屈服的表征比法向磁记忆信号更敏感,利用切向磁场的畸变性可预判试件的早期塑性变形和应力集中区;同一应力水平下,试件表面磁场强度随厚度增加而减小,但不影响其变化规律.