链霉菌转化阿魏酸生产香草酸

选育一株链霉菌Streptomyces 2036，能将阿魏酸转化为香草酸。通过培养基和发酵条件的优化，确定较适培养条件为：葡萄糖5g/L，酵母粉5g/L；最佳发酵条件为：pH5.0，摇瓶装液量50mL/250mL，转速130r/min，发酵温度30℃。在该条件下，链霉菌可在转接培养16h后添加阿魏酸溶液，经12h可将1g/L的底物阿魏酸转化为0.261g/L的香草酸，摩尔转化率为30.2%。     

金霉素链霉菌发酵培养基的优化

金霉素链霉菌能产生四环素族抗生素,而抗生素是微生物的次级代谢产物,其产量与培养基的组成成份及培养条件密切相关.通过单因素试验考察金霉素链霉菌生长所需要的碳源和氮源,在此基础之上再通过4因素3水平正交试验对金霉素链霉菌发酵培养基进行优化筛选,其4因素分别为玉米淀粉、黄豆粉、硫酸铵、酵母粉的质量分数.试验结果表明,优化后得到的最佳培养基,用管碟法测得的试验菌种发酵液的生物效价达到183.2μg/mL.对正交结果进行极差分析得知,发酵培养基中酵母粉质量分数对试验菌种发酵产抗生素影响最大,其次为玉米淀粉,再次为黄豆粉,硫酸铵对抗生素产量影响最小.筛选得到的最佳发酵培养基组成为:玉米淀粉100.0 g/L,黄豆粉50.0 g/L,硫酸铵6.0 g/L,酵母粉4.0 g/L.     

链霉菌702原生质体的制备和再生条件研究

为了确定链霉菌702菌株原生质体制备和再生较优组合条件,以链霉菌702菌株为试验材料,试验设计以单因素和多因素多水平的正交试验。在单因素试验结果中探索该菌的对数生长期为35 h~50 h,在菌丝体培养基中添加1.0%甘氨酸有利于该菌原生质体制备和再生;正交试验分别以影响该菌原生质体制备和再生的菌丝体培养时间、溶菌酶使用浓度、酶解温度和酶解时间的四因素三水平的L9(34)正交试验,试验表明:链霉菌702菌株原生质制备和再生较优组合为A2B2C3D1,即菌丝体培养时间为43 h,溶菌酶浓度为2.0 mg/mL,酶解温度为37℃,酶解时间60 m in,原生质体的制备率和再生率分别达到96.5%和27.8%。本试验为该菌进一步进行原生质体诱变打下良好的基础。     

杀真菌素链霉菌AL-04发酵产抗生素工艺研究

为了提高杀真菌素链霉菌菌株AL-04的发酵滤液对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,采用单因素试验和均匀试验设计,对其发酵条件和培养基成分进行了研究.结果表明,菌株AL-04产抗生素的最适发酵培养基为:黄豆粉34.0g,鱼粉12.0g,蔗糖2.0g,可溶性淀粉6.0g,NaCl 2g,K2HPO40.5g,MgSO4.7H2O 0.1g,ZnSO40.01g,FeSO4.7H2O 0.01g,CaCO32g,蒸馏水1000mL;产抗生素的适宜发酵条件为:接种量10%,种子液菌龄36h,装液量50mL/300mL三角摇瓶,初始pH值7.2.在上述条件下,28℃、180r/min振荡培养7d,菌株AL-04的抑菌率比原始发酵培养基提高了13.6%,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01).     

地衣芽孢杆菌YDY高产吲哚乙酸发酵条件的优化

为了得到地衣芽孢杆菌YDY高产吲哚乙酸最佳发酵条件,通过单因素实验和正交实验分别对碳源,氮源,金属离子等培养基各成分进行了优化筛选,确定最适的培养基成分及含量,同时还对其温度、pH、培养时间、接种量等培养条件进行了优化,确定了最适的培养条件.结果表明,通过优化得到了最佳培养基配方和培养条件:培养基为麦芽糖10 g/L、蛋白胨15 g/L、CaCl_20.1 g/L、pH为8.0,最适培养温度37℃,培养时间3 d,最佳接种量为1%.在最佳培养条件下,吲哚乙酸产量可达40μg/mL以上,与优化前相比,吲哚乙酸产量提高了约17μg/mL,达到了预期目的.     

桑肠杆菌VL4-3转化阿魏酸生产香兰素

对能转化阿魏酸生成香兰素的一株桑肠杆菌VL4-3的发酵培养基、发酵培养条件、种子培养基和种子培养条件进行优化.确定了液体发酵的最佳培养基:麸皮10g/L,豆粕1g/L,氯化钠0.5g/L,硫酸亚铁0.5g/L,pH=8;最佳发酵培养条件:接种量10%,摇瓶装液量10%,阿魏酸最大加入量10g/L,37℃,100r/min,避光培养12d;最佳种子培养基:牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基;最佳种子培养条件:25℃,100r/min,24h.在上述优化发酵条件下,发酵液中香兰素最大浓度为2 262.43mg/L,最大转化率为28.87%.     

鲍肠道益生菌芽孢杆菌A3440菌株培养基及发酵条件优化

对一株来自于杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)肠道并经证实具有显著促进其生长及免疫活性的同温层芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stratosphericus)A3440菌株进行培养基及发酵条件的优化研究,为该益生菌应用于鲍及其他水产动物的健康养殖奠定基础.以细菌芽孢率和蛋白酶活力为检测指标,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验优化发酵培养基组分及发酵条件.结果显示,该菌最佳发酵配方为:蛋白胨7g/L,酵母膏7g/L,NaCl 20g/L,CaCl20.20g/L;最佳发酵条件为:初始pH 9.0,培养温度30℃,种子液接种量8%,装液量30 mL(250 mL锥形瓶),培养时间24h.优化后芽孢率为94.3%,较基础培养基提高8.77%;蛋白酶活力为294.44U/mL,较基础培养基提高76.67%.     

氨基酸及金属离子对林肯霉素发酵的影响

通过改变基础发酵培养基中的金属离子和氨基酸种类及浓度,研究其对林肯链霉菌的菌体浓度及发酵液生物效价的影响.单因素实验结果表明,在基础发酵培养基中添加0.02g/L氯化锰、0.02g/L钼酸钠、0.15g/L硫酸镁和0.30g/L硫酸锌,调节初始pH为7.0,按6.7%的接种量接种,于30℃,220rpm的恒温振荡培养箱中培养48h后,再依次添加0.06%谷氨酸、0.10%酪氨酸、0.15%多巴和0.06%甲硫氨酸,再于30℃,220rpm的恒温振荡培养箱中培养5d.菌体浓度可达91%(16 000μg/mL),林肯霉素发酵液生物效价为4 200U/mL.     

黑曲霉固态发酵生产果胶酶培养条件的研究

对黑曲霉HYA4固态发酵生产果胶酶的培养条件进行了研究,固态发酵培养基组分为:250 mL三角瓶中甜菜渣5 g,黄豆粉5 g,NH4H2PO4 0.4%,FeSO4·7H2O 0.05%.料水比1:2.采用此优化的培养基在培养温度36℃和初始pH自然条件下进行发酵,果胶酶酶活力可达5465.8 U/g(干曲).     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种培养基及培养条件的优化

为了降低德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的工业生产成本和提高发酵液的菌浓度,通过单因素试验和旋转中心组合设计（central composite design,CCD）相结合的方法优化培养基的组分和培养条件。优化后的培养基成分为:葡萄糖30 g/L、豆粕28 g/L、玉米粉14 g/L、乳清粉28 g/L、K2HPO4 3.0 g/L、柠檬酸三铵2.5 g/L、乙酸钠5 g/L、吐温-80 1.25 mL/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L、MnSO4·4H2O 0.0625 g/L;培养条件为:初始pH值7.1,温度37 ℃,接种量4%（体积分数）,静置培养。经优化后活菌数达到 6.07×109 CFU/mL,明显高于原MRS培养基（5.8×108 CFU/mL）,且其成本较原MRS培养基的成本降低了4000元/t。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to