血管内微弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床分析

目的探讨血管内微弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床价值。方法对92例动脉瘤患者实行血管内微弹簧圈栓塞术,其中单纯微弹簧圈栓塞80例,Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞12例。结果 92例动脉瘤均成功栓塞,其中完全栓塞67例,大部分栓塞17例,部分栓塞8例,术后死亡2例,皆为术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级,术中动脉瘤破裂出血,1例为广泛蛛网膜下腔出血,1例为大量额叶脑内血肿。应用Logistic回归分析显示患者年龄、高血压及Hunt-Hess分级是影响动脉瘤预后的危险因素。结论血管内微弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤可有效防止动脉瘤破裂出血,有很好的临床应用价值。     

颅内动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞治疗术中动脉瘤再破裂的防治

目的颅内动脉瘤在弹簧圈栓塞过程中发生破裂是最可怕的术中并发症之一，本文探讨处理、预防这一并发症的初步经验。方法2002年4月-2006年12月，共有153例患有颅内动脉瘤的患者在我院接受了可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞治疗，其中141例患者曾有过动脉瘤破裂引起蛛网膜下腔出血史。5例有动脉瘤破裂出血史的患者术中再次发生动脉瘤破裂。术中动脉瘤再破裂时，常规使用鱼精蛋白中和肝素，并设法用弹簧圈尽快填塞动脉瘤腔。微导丝引起动脉瘤破裂时，尽量保持微导丝不动，微导管尽快送到瘤腔中进行填塞治疗。若微导管引起破裂而微导管头端位于瘤壁外蛛网膜下腔时，微导管且勿退入瘤腔内，应将弹簧圈经微导管送入蛛网膜下腔一部分后，再将微导管头撤入瘤腔内，继续弹簧圈填塞。若弹簧圈引起破裂，要将弹簧圈完全或部分送出去，将破裂口堵住后，调整微导管头端位置继续弹簧圈填塞。结果在接受动脉瘤栓塞治疗的153例患者中，141例曾有过动脉瘤破裂引起蛛网膜下腔出血，治疗中5例发生了术中再破裂，占动脉瘤破裂引起蛛网膜下腔出血的3．5％，总发生率为3．3％。1例破裂由导丝引起，1例由微导管引起，1例由弹簧圈过度填塞引起，弹簧圈穿孔1例，其余1例由微导管和弹簧圈共同引起。2例死亡，死亡率占术中破裂的40％，占总例数的1．3％；1例患者出院时遗留有右下肢瘫痪，其余2例患者无残留神经系统并发症。结论动脉瘤栓塞术中动脉瘤的再破裂是一少见、威胁生命但又不可避免的事件。应该立即采取妥善措施以挽救患者生命、改善预后、降低可怕并发症的发生。如处理恰当，多数术中动脉瘤破裂的患者能够存活，无后遗症。     

NeuroformⅡ支架联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的初步经验

目的探讨NeuroformⅡ支架植入联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效、技术要点、安全性及并发症防治。方法诊断为颅内宽颈动脉瘤的病人11例,其中大脑前动脉瘤2例,后交通动脉瘤4例,眼动脉瘤1例,大脑中动脉瘤2例,椎基底动脉瘤2例。7例先行NeuroformⅡ支架瘤颈成形,将微导管通过支架网眼置入动脉瘤内,填塞弹簧圈;4例先置入微导管于动脉瘤内,再释放支架后栓塞,术后3~6个月随访。结果所有病例栓塞操作均顺利完成,无手术并发症;其中致密填塞8例,部分致密填塞3例,术后病人均恢复良好,4例短期随访无再出血及血栓栓塞症状发生。结论NeuroformⅡ支架联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效。     

颅内动脉瘤和颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的微弹簧圈栓塞治疗

采用介入放射学方法对6例颅内动脉瘤和14例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘进行了国产微弹簧圈的栓塞治疗。结果4例脑动脉瘤瘤腔栓塞90％,另2例瘤腔完全充填闭塞。14例CCF有12例栓塞满意,栓塞后一周杂音逐渐消失。2例行2次栓塞。本组结果提示微弹簧圈栓塞是颅内动脉瘤和颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的一个简单有效的方法,对其适应证和并发症的预防应当进一步探讨。     

颅内动脉瘤栓塞术围手术期护理策略及术中瘤体破裂的护理配合

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤行MicroPlex弹簧圈系统(MCS)栓塞术的围手术期护理策略及术中瘤体破裂的护理配合。方法回顾分析行MCS栓塞术的64例颅内动脉瘤患者临床资料(其中4例患者术中发生瘤体破裂),动脉瘤位于前交通动脉23例,后交通动脉17例,大脑前动脉14例,大脑中动脉9例,左颈内动脉1例。结果术中瘤体破裂4例,仍继续施行MCS栓塞术,其中3例获得治愈,1例因术后并发脑梗塞死亡。治愈63例,均获随访,平均6(3~24)月,均未见并发症发生。结论术前健康宣教,术中积极配合,术后密切观察病情,对减少颅内动脉瘤并发症的发生以及帮助病人顺利度过围手术期均具有十分重要的作用。     

LEO支架结合微弹簧圈栓塞治疗宽颈动脉瘤2例报道

颅内宽颈动脉瘤一直是血管内治疗的难点问题，但随着Remodeling技术又称载瘤动脉球囊再塑型技术和各种支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞技术逐渐应用于临床，为颅内宽颌动脉瘤的治疗提供了一项较为理想的治疗方法。本文报道应用新型可伸缩的自膨式支架（LEO）辅助微弹簧圈栓塞治疗2例宽颈动脉瘤的初步体会并结合文献进行复习。     

铂金丝弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤手术的麻醉处理

铂金丝弹簧圈（GDC）的问世以来．血管内栓塞治疗由于疗效可靠．微侵袭．逐渐成为颅内动脉瘤血管内治疗的首选方法之一。本院自1998年至2005年5月．对19例对颅内动脉瘤进行了铂金丝弹簧圈栓塞。现将麻醉处理情况报告如下。     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞在急诊栓塞颅内宽颈微小动脉瘤破裂中的应用

目的探讨支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞在治疗急诊治疗颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤(最大径≤3mm)中的操作技巧及临床疗效。方法回顾急诊支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的7例颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤患者资料,分析治疗方法、疗效、并发症、预后及6~12个月随访结果,评价支架技术的安全性、有效性及操作技巧。结果术后即刻造影显示,完全栓塞5例,次全栓塞1例,单纯植入支架1例;未发生破裂出血及血栓栓塞事件。术后3个月改良式格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)结果显示,6例恢复正常,1例恢复良好。6~12个月随访未发现动脉瘤再破裂出血。结论支架辅助弹簧圈急诊栓塞治疗颅内破裂宽颈微小动脉瘤安全有效。     

示踪减影透视在颅内动脉瘤介入治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨示踪减影透视(TSF)在颅内动脉瘤介入治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 11例接受介入栓塞治疗的颅内动脉瘤患者,术前均接受双源CT血管成像(DSCTA)及全脑数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,确定动脉瘤的大小、形态、位置,并测量瘤颈及瘤体的直径;术中应用TSF技术。结果 11例患者(共11个动脉瘤)介入栓塞均获得成功,共植入电解可脱弹簧圈39枚,包括1枚3-D标准成篮填充弹簧圈,3枚3-D软成篮填充弹簧圈及35枚柔软型填充弹簧圈。结论对接受颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗的患者,术中应用TSF可提高治疗效果。     

电解可脱式微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨电解可脱式微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法。方法 采用美国波士顿公司GDC栓塞治疗17例患者中18个颅内动脉瘤，其中15例蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)发病者，术前Hunt和Hess分级：Ⅰ-Ⅱ级10例；Ⅲ级3例；Ⅳ级2例。结果1例死亡，3例轻度短期神经功能障碍，13例痊愈。结论 GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤较为理想，但还需随访观察。     

Packing efficacy of hydrocoil embolic system: in vitro study using ruptured aneurysm model

After endovascular coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms, coil compaction and late aneurysm recanalization have been ever observed. The HydroCoil Embolic System (HES) was developed to improve the packing efficacy of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. In this study, we evaluate the packing efficacy of HES using a silicone model of ruptured cerebral aneurysm. This silicone model was connected to a pulsatile flow pump and embolized with the initial framing coils followed by hydro coils (n = 3) or bare platinum coils (n = 3). The coils used in the two groups were identical to each other in size and length. In the hydro coil group, continuous outflow from ruptured aneurysm ceased in two out of three cases. On the other hand, in the bare platinum coil group, outflow from the ruptured point slightly decreased but did not stop in all cases. The hydro coil could result in a higher initial occlusion rate of silicone model. In addition, expanded hydrogel possibly sealed the ruptured point directly. Changes in the size of aneurysms were not detected, from which the risk of over-expansion seemed extremely low. The hydro Coil is a safe and feasible device for improving the packing efficacy in endovascular coil embolization.     

介入栓塞治疗未破裂动脉瘤合并脑动静脉畸形

目的探讨未破裂的动脉瘤合并脑动静脉畸形(BAVM)的介入治疗价值。方法回顾性分析23例未破裂的动脉瘤合并BAVM患者的资料。对所有患者均行介入栓塞治疗,根据Redekop分型,选择介入栓塞方式。对近端、远端血流动力型动脉瘤以弹簧圈栓塞,对团内型动脉瘤以Onyx栓塞剂栓塞。术后1周以格拉斯哥转归评分(GOS)评估治疗效果。术后3~6个月行DSA复查病灶是否复发、有无颅内出血。结果 23例患者共36个病灶,其中BAVM合并团内型动脉瘤8个、近端血流动力型动脉瘤16个、远端血流动力型动脉瘤11个、无关血流动力型动脉瘤1个。以弹簧圈栓塞16个近端血流动力型和10个远端血流动力型动脉瘤;以Onyx栓塞剂栓塞8个团内型动脉瘤;1个远端血流动力型动脉瘤因栓塞困难且动脉瘤形态规整未予栓塞,术后第6天患者死于颅内出血引起的脑疝;1个无关血流动力型动脉瘤因易于外科夹闭未予栓塞。23例中,BAVM完全栓塞7例,未完全栓塞16例。19例术后GOS评分为5分,3例为4分,1例死亡病例未评估。除1例死亡外,余22例DSA术后随访均未见复发,无颅内出血。结论介入栓塞治疗未破裂的动脉瘤合并BAVM较为安全、有效,根据各病灶血流动力学特点制定治疗方案、尽量栓塞所有病灶并积极预防术后出血有助于改善患者预后。     

A prospective single-center analysis of the safety and efficacy of the hydrocoil embolization system for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms

OBJECT: The HydroCoil embolization system is a helical platinum coil coated with a polymeric hydrogel that expands when it contacts aqueous solutions to increase filling volumes, improve mesh stability, and possibly elicit a healing response within the aneurysm. In this paper, the authors report the 1-year recurrence and complication rates of 67 aneurysms embolized with the HydroCoil system. METHODS: Sixty-four consecutive patients (67 total aneurysms) with small (< or =7 mm), large (8-15 mm), very large (16-24 mm), and giant (> or =25 mm) aneurysms in the anterior and posterior intracranial circulations were treated with HydroCoils between March 2003 and September 2004. All aneurysms were embolized by the senior author (A.S.B) with HydroCoils alone or in combination with bare platinum coils, until either there was no further angiographic contrast filling of the aneurysm or the microcatheter was pushed out of the dome by the coil mass. Balloon assistance was used in three cases and combined Neuroform stent-coil embolization in eight other cases. To evaluate the safety and 1-year efficacy of the HydroCoil system, periprocedural complications were recorded, and angiographic recurrences were categorized using the Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification (RROC) system. The 1-year aneurysm recurrence rate independent of size was 15% in patients treated with HydroCoils. Seventy percent of the patients had stable occlusions. The recurrence rate for small aneurysms was 3.7%, and the combined recurrence rate for small and large aneurysms was 6%. Fifteen percent of the aneurysms initially categorized as RROC Type 2 or 3 with stasis of contrast material at the time of initial embolization improved in RROC type, allowing the authors to develop the aneurysm embolization grade to predict recurrence. The neurological complication rate was 14.9%, of which 4.5% represented permanent neurological deficits. CONCLUSIONS: The HydroCoil embolization system is safe and provides excellent 1-year occlusion of small and large aneurysms with initial RROC Type 1, as well as those with RROC Types 2 and 3 with stasis of contrast material at the time of embolization. Very large and giant aneurysms were not as successfully occluded with this system. Treatment of large and giant internal carotid artery aneurysms was more likely to result in cranial nerve palsies and postembolization headaches than treatment in other locations. The aneurysm embolization grade the authors developed using the results of this study accurately predicted 1-year recurrence rates based on the immediate postembolization angiographic characteristics of the treated aneurysm.     

Review of endovascular stent‐assisted embolization for management of intracranial aneurysms

Objective: This was a retrospective review of the results using stent‐assisted coil embolization for management of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: The records of seven patients treated with stent‐assisted Gugliemi detachable coil (GDC) embolization were retrieved from the authors’ prospectively maintained database. The clinical presentation, site and type of aneurysms, treatment procedure and complications, and outcome of these identified cases were reviewed. Results: Between January 2002 and May 2004, seven patients with intracranial aneurysms, four of which were ruptured, were treated by stent‐assisted GDC embolization. Four aneurysms were located at the anterior circulation and three were at the posterior circulation. The indications for stent use were: giant aneurysm (>2.5 cm), dissecting pseudo‐aneurysm, broad‐necked aneurysm and the need for preservation of important parent arteries or branches. Concerning the technical aspect, all except one had successful stent deployment. One stent dislodged after apparent successful deployment. GDC embolization was continued and the aneurysm was partially occluded. More than 90% occlusion of aneurysm sac was achieved in six aneurysms. Intraoperative complications included over‐coagulation, failure in stent deployment, displacement of stent, coil entrapment and thromboembolism. One patient had added focal neurological deficit after the procedure, and one became vegetative due to an unrelated cause. The patient in whom the stent was dislodged suffered another subarachnoid haemorrhage 4 months later and died. Conclusion: Percutaneous intracranial stent is a new and useful device to assist embolization of cerebral aneurysms that were previously not amenable to endovascular therapy. These preliminary results suggest that this procedure could achieve satisfactory outcomes without significant complications.     

颅内动脉瘤囊内栓塞结果影像学判断标准的探讨

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤囊内栓塞结果的影像学判断标准。方法 ６名专科医师根据动脉瘤栓塞后血管造影不显影为１００％、瘤颈少许残留为９５％、瘤颈残留为９０％、瘤颈残留并有少许瘤体残留为８０％和少部分瘤体残留为〈８０％的栓塞判断标准,对１９９５年３月至１９９９年７月用机械可脱式弹簧圈和（或）电解可脱式弹簧圈囊内栓塞的１２０例（１２１个）动脉瘤的血管造影片进行评价,并分析该标准的合理性、可行性和局限性。结果     

Percutaneous intracranial stent placement for aneurysms

OBJECT: Intracranial stent placement combined with coil embolization is an emerging procedure for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The authors report their results using intracranial stents for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was reviewed to identify all patients with intracranial aneurysms that were treated with intracranial stents. Ten lesions, including eight broad-based aneurysms and two dissecting aneurysms, were treated in 10 patients. Four lesions were located in the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery, two at the vertebrobasilar junction, two at the basilar trunk, one at the basilar apex, and one in the intracranial vertebral artery. Attempts were made to place stents in 13 patients, but in three the stents could not be delivered. Altogether, intracranial stents were placed in 10 patients for 10 lesions. Results that were determined to be satisfactory angiographically were achieved in all 10 lesions. Two patients suffered permanent neurological deterioration related to stent placement. In two patients, the aneurysm recurred after stent-assisted coil embolization. In one case of recurrence a second attempt at coil embolization was successful, whereas in the second case of recurrence parent vessel occlusion was required and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial stents can be a useful addition to coil embolization by providing mechanical, hemodynamic, and visual benefits in the treatment of complex, broad-based aneurysms.     

Endovascular management of a ruptured cavernous carotid artery aneurysm associated with a carotid cavernous fistula with an intracranial self-expanding microstent and hydrogel-coated coil embolization: case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Ruptured CCAs are traditionally treated with endovascular management. Advances in microstent and coil technology have allowed improved intracranial navigation, increased coil packing density, and coil volume expansion to facilitate complete coil embolization of aneurysms/fistulae. We report a case of a ruptured CCA with an associated CCF treated with an intracranial, self-expanding microstent in combination with coil embolization using hydrogel-coated platinum coils. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 50-year-old woman presented with a 7-day history of severe headache and 2 days of progressive left-sided ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and facial dysesthesias. A cerebral angiogram demonstrated a left ruptured wide-necked CCA with an associated CCF. An intracranial, self-expanding microstent (Neuroform(3), Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) was placed across the aneurysmal neck. The aneurysm was subsequently embolized with hydrogel-coated platinum coils (HydroCoil). A 3-month follow-up angiogram showed complete resolution of arteriovenous shunting with near-complete occlusion of the CCA. The patient's ocular pain and facial dysesthesias resolved completely, with near-complete resolution of ophthalmoplegia. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates near-complete occlusion of a ruptured CCA and obliteration of an associated CCF using endovascular combinational therapy of an intracranial, self-expanding microstent with hydrogel-coated platinum coils. Use of this newer-generation stent-coil combination may allow more complete and durable lesion occlusion because of increased coil packing density and coil volume expansion without the need for parent artery sacrifice or balloon-remodeling techniques, thus avoiding the potential complications of such therapies.     

电解可脱式铂金弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的报告使用电解可脱式铂金弹簧圈（ｇｕｇｌｉｅｌｍｉｄｅｔａｃｈａｂｌｅｃｏｉｌ,ＧＤＣ）治疗颅内动脉瘤的情况。方法气管内插管全麻和肝素抗凝下,经Ｔｒａｃｋｅｒ微导管放置ＧＤＣ栓塞颅内动脉瘤,必要时辅以重塑技术（ｒｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ,ＲＴ）。结果成功栓塞８例动脉瘤,其中５例为１００％栓塞,２例为９５％,１例为９０％。有４例既往用机械可脱式铂金弹簧圈（ＭＤＳ）无法安全栓塞或Ｍａｇ３Ｆ或２Ｆ微导管插管失败。无并发症。结论ＧＤＣ栓塞颅内动脉瘤安全可靠,效果良好,并可使部分ＭＤＳ无法栓塞或栓塞危险性较大的动脉瘤得以治疗。