基于动态规划的E-REV能量管理策略研究

增程式电动汽车动力来源于增程器与动力电池,车辆运行过程中如何在两者之间分配需求功率,使得整车在行驶过程中燃油经济性最好,是增程式电动汽车能量管理策略核心的问题.提出一种基于动态规划的增程式电动汽车能量管理策略,运用动态规划对整个工况增程器与动力电池输出功率分配比例进行优化.欧洲标准行驶工况(NEDC)组合行驶工况的仿真结果表明:相比实车采用的恒温器式控制策略,基于动态规划的能量管理策略整车燃油经济性提高12.6%.     

基于田口鲁棒优化的电动汽车驱动控制策略研究

为改善电动汽车驱动系统动力性和经济性,由电池组放电效率模型、驱动电机系统效率模型和电动汽车加速度模型,建立了综合目标函数.根据城市道路特征对综合目标函数动力性和经济性所占权重进行分配.分别以电机转矩-电机转速,电机转矩-加速踏板开度变化率为信号因子,驱动电机温度,电池组荷电状态为限值因子建立正交试验表,根据田口鲁棒控制动态特性信噪比对整车控制器输出转矩进行优化.根据GB/T 18386—2017电动汽车能量消耗率和续驶里程试验方法进行实车试验.试验结果表明行驶一个市区循环工况,相比于原车驱动控制策略,基于电机转矩-电机转速正交表的方法可节省能耗9%;基于电机转矩-加速踏板开度变化率正交表的方法可节省能耗4%.      

基于遗传算法的电动汽车TBW综合换档优化方法研究

为解决电动汽车动力不足和行驶里程短的问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的电动汽车三档线控自动变速器综合换档优化方法。在分析了加速性能最优的动力性换档方法和电机效率最优的经济性换档方法的基础上,把加速度变化率和能量消耗变化率分别作为动力性和经济性评价函数,利用遗传算法建立换档优化模型,通过反复迭代优化得到电动汽车三档线控自动变速器综合换档方法曲线,并从加速度变化率和电机功率偏移率两个方面分别对优化前后的动力性和经济性进行对比分析。结果表明:优化后换档过程(一档升二档、二档升三档)的动力性能分别平均提高了4.96%和14.23%;加速踏板开度在70%以下时经济性能分别平均提高了10.61%和2.54%,但当加速踏板开度大于70%时电机功率均达到峰值则无法体现优化效果。可见,经过遗传算法优化后的综合换档方法能有效地提升整车动力性并增加行驶里程。     

基于动态规划插电式并联混合动力汽车能量管理控制策略的研究

混合动力汽车能量管理策略会影响其动力性和经济性。为了寻找整车的最优节油点及控制策略,文章基于世界轻型汽车测试循环(world light vehicle test cycle, WLTC)工况,提出了利用动态规划算法优化插电式并联混合动力汽车能量管理策略。以发动机、电机的扭矩和角速度作为动态规划的控制变量,以保证电池荷电平衡和燃油最小为目标,建立动态规划模型。仿真结果表明,所提出的能量管理策略能使电池荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)保持在设定范围之内,且相对于基于标定经验规则的能量管理控制策略,节油率能达到5.78%,此方法对于整车厂(original equipment manufacturer, OEM)制定并联式混合动力汽车整车控制器能量控制策略及实车标定工作有一定的参考意义。     

遗传算法优化的PHEV模糊能量管理策略研究

选取某款插电式并联式混合动力汽车(PHEV)进行转毂实验,通过转毂实验分析整车的动力性、经济性及整车控制策略,利用GT-suite软件搭建整车一维动力性模型并制定能量管理控制策略,对比分析仿真结果和实验结果:发动机功率实验数据和仿真数据变化趋势一致,电池SOC变化趋势一致,并且最大误差小于20％,验证了仿真模型的准确性.在一维模型基础上利用GT-suite软件和Simulink软件联合仿真,利用基于模糊规则能量管理策略优化混合动力模式下发动机和电机功率分配,然后以整车经济性最佳为优化目标,利用遗传算法优化模糊控制器.结果表明:相对于特定规则的能量管理策略,基于模糊规则策略下整车经济性提高了8.98％,基于遗传算法优化的模糊控制策略整车经济性提高了15.69％.     

新型功率分流混合动力汽车的动力性优化

动力性是整车的重要性能指标之一.为研究混合动力汽车的动力性优化问题,按照车速序列将全油门加速过程转化为多级决策过程,提出了动力性优化问题的动态规划求解方案;建立了新型功率分流混合动力汽车模型,基于Matlab仿真平台得到了全局最优控制策略;同时,建立了双电机转矩图,定义电机速比及动力电池功率带,分析、归纳了全油门加速控制策略.整车动力性优化试验结果显示,优化后车辆的百公里加速时间减少了15.7%,基于动态规划算法的控制策略可显著提升整车动力性.     

丘陵地区对纯电动汽车经济性分析及能耗优化方法研究

为了分析丘陵地区对纯电动汽车的经济性影响以及如何提高能耗利用率,针对道路坡度,研究了一种基于动态规划优化控制电机转矩的方法,完成了优化能耗的目标。首先构建了纯电动汽车模型,设计了虚拟坡度,应用动态规划算法合理分配电机转矩及车速,并从车速方面分析了坡度对行车经济性的影响;之后,在虚拟坡度下,使用无坡度道路下的最佳经济车速控制仿真车辆,求解虚拟坡度下的汽车能耗,并将此方法计算的能耗与上一步优化方法得出的能耗做对比,证明了所提出的优化算法能够有效地降低能耗;最后,在实际路况上验证了提出的能耗优化算法的合理性。实验结果表明,针对丘陵地区提出的动态规划算法,能够全局优化能耗,有效提高驾驶经济性。     

考虑拥堵因素的自动化码头多AGV无冲突动态路径规划模型

针对自动化集装箱码头水平运输系统的调度优化,提出一种自动引导车(AGV)动态路径规划策略,即在多AGV系统路径生成的同时进行动态路径优化.从AGV运输作业时间角度,建立考虑拥堵的多AGV路径优化模型,优化AGV路径方案.为求解模型,设计了基于动态路径规划策略的多种群蚁群算法,并对模型与算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明:基于动态路径规划策略可以对路径规划过程进行动态控制与优化;同时,考虑拥堵因素可以有效地解决水平运输路网中的拥堵问题,提高运输作业效率.     

增程式电动汽车模糊控制能量管理策略研究

在ADVISOR软件环境中建立燃料电池增程式电动汽车动力系统模型,利用该模型设计基于模糊控制理论的整车能量管理策略,并以车辆最大续驶里程为优化目标,利用遗传算法对模糊函数和模糊规则进行优化.对比发现优化后的模糊控制管理策略能改善燃料经济性,提高整车续驶里程.典型工况下不同能量管理策略的整车仿真结果显示,本文所制定的模糊控制能量管理策略优于常见的恒温器及功率跟随能量管理策略,适合用于增程式电动汽车.     

双电机电动汽车驱动转矩分配策略研究

针对双电机电动汽车前后电机驱动转矩分配问题,提出一种基于惯性权重线性递减粒子群算法的双电机驱动电动汽车驱动转矩分配策略。根据双电机驱动电动汽车构型特点,基于不考虑传动系统和附件能耗时电池能耗约等于双电机系统能耗的前提条件下,提出以电池能耗最小为优化目标的转矩分配优化模型;在保证双电机转矩之和等于需求转矩的基础上,利用惯性权重递减的粒子群算法在电机效率图里进行搜索,以适应度函数最小时对应的转矩值为目标转矩。仿真与试验结果表明,驱动转矩分配策略能够实现合理的转矩分配,可以保证双电机电动汽车在动力性的基础上具有较好的经济性,在NEDC循环工况下其耗电量下降了0. 66%,整车续驶里程延长了9. 4 km。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to