黏膜刀辅助切除术治疗结直肠带蒂息肉的初步研究（含视频）

目的探讨黏膜刀辅助息肉切除术（knife assisted polypectomy,KAP）治疗结直肠带蒂息肉（巴黎分型0-Ⅰp型）的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2019年5月—2019年9月在复旦大学附属中山医院和徐汇区中心医院内镜中心行KAP治疗的42例结直肠带蒂息肉患者的临床资料,统计手术切除操作时间和术后并发症发生情况等,初步分析KAP的治疗效果。结果对42例患者共48枚息肉完成切除,息肉中位直径2.0 cm（0.8~3.5 cm）,操作时间（11.3±1.1）min。所有患者术中无严重出血和穿孔发生,术后无迟发性出血、迟发性穿孔及电凝综合征发生。术后病理显示手术完整切除率为100%。结论KAP治疗结直肠带蒂息肉操作安全高效。     

改良黏膜刀辅助切除术治疗结直肠粗蒂大息肉的初步研究

目的 探讨改良黏膜刀辅助息肉切除术(KAP)治疗结直肠粗蒂大息肉的安全性和有效性。方法 我们在既往其他学者的研究基础上,对KAP技术做出如下改良：首先采用放大内镜对结直肠粗蒂大息肉头端及根部进行JNET与Pit pattern分型,评估病变性质,排除恶性息肉;然后使用止血夹夹闭息肉根部阻断血流;再使用HOOK刀或IT刀沿止血夹上方1～2 mm处将息肉整块切除;止血钳、钛夹或(和)尼龙绳进一步处理创面;取出标本、固定送检病理。在此基础上,回顾性分析2019年1月至2022年10月在连云港市第二人民医院内镜中心行改良KAP治疗的15例结直肠粗蒂息肉患者的临床资料,统计手术切除操作时间和术后并发症发生情况等,初步分析改良KAP的治疗效果。结果 手术中无大出血以及穿孔发生,术后未出现迟发性出血,也未出现迟发性穿孔和电凝综合征。术后病理显示完整切除率为100%。结论 改良KAP治疗结直肠粗蒂大息肉操作安全有效。     

不同直径结直肠早癌及癌前病变行内镜黏膜下剥离术的对比分析

目的 探讨分析内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗不同直径结直肠肿瘤的差异性。 方法 收集2012年10月至2015年12月中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心消化内镜中心210处结直肠ESD治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将病灶按直径分为两组(直径≥4.0cm组和直径<4.0cm组),进行相关因素的对比分析。结果 210处结直肠ESD平均手术时间为（50.3±42.7）分钟,病灶平均大小为（7.98 ±10.84cm₂）;整块切除率91.4%,完整切除率90.5%,治愈性切除率88.6%。穿孔发生率5.2%,迟发性出血率0.5%。与直径< 4.0 cm 的肿瘤相比,切除直径≥ 4.0 cm 的肿瘤所需时间更长(79.63±53.91 min比35.28±24.99 min;P<0.001);病变主要位于直肠(61.97%);LST息肉以结节混合型为主(54.93%);整块切除率、完整切除率和治愈性切除率均低于切除直径< 4.0 cm 的肿瘤,其中完整切除率差异有统计学意义(85.92% vs. 94.24%; P=0.041)。直径≥4.0cm组穿孔率增高(7.04%),但两组穿孔率的差异没有统计学意义。结论 ESD切除直径≥ 4.0 cm的结直肠肿瘤,所需时间明显增加,手术风险更高。对于非直肠的病变要更加小心处理。     

留置金属夹预防结肠小息肉内镜黏膜切除术后迟发性出血的价值研究

目的探讨直径10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉行内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection, EMR）后,留置金属夹对于预防息肉切除术后迟发性出血（delayed post-polypectomy bleeding,DPPB）的价值。方法将2017年1月—2019年12月于黑龙江省医院消化病院因直径10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉拟行EMR的患者,根据计算机产生的随机序列表分为术后留置金属夹组(A组)和未留置金属夹组（B组）,对比两组术后迟发性出血的相关情况。结果共纳入1 838例患者,A组912例,B组926例。两组术后迟发性出血发生率分别为1.00%（9/912）和1.10%（10/926）,组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.039,P＞0.05）。两组出血息肉个数比例为 0.44%（9/2 029）和0.49%（10/2 025）,组间差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.055,P>0.05）。6~9 mm息肉（OR=11.032,95%CI：2.545~47.821,P＜0.05）是无蒂结直肠息肉EMR术后迟发性出血的独立危险因素。结论10 mm以下无蒂结直肠息肉EMR治疗后,留置金属夹并未显著降低术后迟发性出血的风险。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃食管结合部息肉样隆起性病变的临床价值

目的评价胃食管结合部（EGJ）息肉样隆起性病变行内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗的疗效与安全性。方法对111例（114处病变）ESD治疗的EGJ息肉样隆起性病变病例进行回顾性分析,主要观察指标包括ESD切除率、手术时间、并发症和复发情况。结果病变大小1.0～6.0 cm,平均（2.47±0.80）cm。表面光滑30处,充血糜烂59处,结节样粗糙11处,分叶状3处,绒毛状8处,浅溃疡1处,局部凹陷2处;术后病理提示上皮内瘤变19处、腺癌2处,瘤变及癌变率为18.42％（21／114）。ESD治疗整块切除率为100.0％（114／114）,完整切除率为99.1％（113／114）,完整治愈切除率为97.4％（111／114）。操作时间17.0～60.0 min,平均为（32.45±7.32）min。3例发生术后迟发性出血、1例发生术中穿孔,均在内镜下治疗成功。术后2例追加手术治疗。随访96例,平均随访28.8个月,有1例（1.04％,1／96）复发。结论EGJ息肉样隆起性病变的上皮内瘤变及癌变发生率较高,采用ESD治疗整块切除病变,完整治愈切除率高、并发症少、复发率低。     

内镜下黏膜切除术治疗结直肠进展期腺瘤

目的探讨内镜下黏膜切除术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)治疗直径≥1.5 cm结直肠亚蒂及广基进展期腺瘤的安全性及有效性,为EMR治疗较大结直肠进展期腺瘤提供依据。方法回顾性分析2014年1月-2015年1月陆军总医院消化内镜中心结直肠息肉治疗病例,收集符合纳入标准的结直肠亚蒂及广基进展期腺瘤,以腺瘤大小、位置、病理组织学和形态学为变量,分析腺瘤整块切除和术中出血的影响因素。结果共收集76例患者106枚腺瘤,男47例,女29例,平均年龄(60.9±10.8)岁;整块切除89枚(84.0%),术中少量出血23枚(21.7%),无穿孔及迟发性出血;术后随访观察52枚(49.1%),平均随访时间(6.4±3.9)个月,仅1枚(2.0%)腺瘤发现可疑残留,术后病理为炎性改变。多因素回归分析发现,组织学分化(OR=3.4,95%CI:1.2~13.2)和腺瘤位于弯曲部位(OR=3.1,95%CI:1.0~12.6)是影响术中出血的主要因素;组织学分化(OR=5.1,95%CI:1.1~23.2)和腺瘤直径≥3.0 cm(OR=28.7,95%CI:1.1~749.8)是整块切除的危险因素。结论 EMR治疗直径≥1.5 cm结直肠亚蒂及广基进展期腺瘤整块切除率高,无迟发性出血、穿孔等严重并发症,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

结直肠息肉内镜下治疗的临床分析

[目的]研究结直肠息肉内镜下治疗的方法、疗效及其安全性。[方法]对经内镜下治疗的直径≥1.0cm的结直肠息肉患者230例的治疗方法、术后并发症及复发情况等进行回顾性分析。[结果]使用不同的内镜技术治疗结直肠息肉的切除率达100%,穿孔率为0%,出血率为6.9%,术后复发率低,术后12个月复发率仅1.9%。[结论]根据结直肠息肉的总体情况选择不同的内镜下治疗方法是安全、有效的,并建议术后6个月经结肠镜复查。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗有症状的结肠巨大脂肪瘤

探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection，ESD）治疗有临床症状的结肠巨大脂肪瘤（≥5 cm）的疗效和安全性。2018年12月—2021年12月，上海市东方医院消化内镜科收治巨大结肠脂肪瘤患者8例，患者均成功行ESD完整切除，完整切除率100%，切除病变长径5.5~9.0 cm，平均6.0 cm。ESD操作耗时25~80 min，平均41 min。术中极少量出血均通过热活检钳电凝止血成功，2例术中发生小穿孔，均成功缝合。患者术后无腹痛、发热，亦无迟发性出血或迟发性穿孔；住院时间3~5 d，平均3 d；随访8~36个月，无一例病灶残留或复发。可见，ESD治疗结肠巨大脂肪瘤安全有效，可避免行外科手术切除。     

冷热圈套器内镜下黏膜切除术对结直肠息肉疗效及安全性比较

目的探讨冷圈套内镜下黏膜切除术(CS-EMR)与热圈套内镜下黏膜切除术(HS-EMR)对直径6～14 mm结直肠息肉治疗的效果及安全性比较。方法前瞻性选取2017年10月至2018年12在解放军联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院消化内科行肠镜检查发现患有6～14 mm结直肠息肉并满足纳入标准的患者400例,按1∶1随机分配接受HS-EMR或CS-EMR,两组拟切除息肉在治疗前均先黏膜下注射亚甲基美兰生理盐水抬举病灶,接着,HS-EMR组采用热圈套器切除抬举息肉,而CS-EMR组则采用冷圈套器切除。主要结局指标:在窄带成像技术(NBI)下对息肉切除部位的底侧切缘予以活检评估组织学完整切除率,次要结局指标:息肉切除时间、回收情况、术中出血穿孔、术后迟发性出血穿孔等。结果 HS-EMR组(n=200)和CS-EMR组(n=200)病灶平均大小分别为(10.1±1.87) mm和(9.87±2.13) mm。患者的性别、年龄、肠镜指征等一般情况及息肉部位、大小、形态、分型在组间均衡。CS-EMR组对6～14 mm息肉的组织学完整切除率为93.0%(186/200)与HS-EMR组94.5%(189/200)相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但CS-EMR对6～9 mm息肉的组织学完整切除率高达96.1%,优于10～14 mm息肉89.8%。HS-EMR组出现5例迟发性出血和2例迟发性穿孔,但CS-EMR组均未出现迟发性出血、穿孔。结论 CS-EMR在6～14 mm结直肠息肉治疗中安全、有效,尤其对于6～9 mm息肉有与HS-EMR相媲美的组织学高完整切除率,又保留单纯CS-EMR的低迟发性并发症风险,有望成为继CS-EMR后一种更有价值的新型冷切技术。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术对大直径结直肠LSTs病变的远期疗效分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术对大直径结直肠LSTs病变的远期疗效分析。方法回顾性分析我院2009年1月至2015年3月收治的病变直径15 mm的LSTs患者79例,根据治疗方法的不同,分为EMR及ESD组,对比两组的操作时间、整块切除率、完全切除率、并发症发生率、平均随访时间及复发率。结果 ESD组的操作时间、整块切除率、完全切除率均明显高于EMR组(P0.001)。EMR组发生迟发性出血1例;ESD组发生迟发性出血1例,穿孔1例。两组的并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组平均随访时间对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),ESD组的复发率明显低于EMR组(P0.05)。本研究的12例复发病例均接受再次EMR或ESD治疗。结论 ESD对于直径15 mm的结直肠LSTs病变远期效果较好,但其手术时间明显高于EMR,对年纪较大、合并心血管、呼吸系统疾病患者存在潜在危险,需根据患者实际情况进行选择。     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales: incidence and risk factors

The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of idiosyncratic neutropenia and agranulocytosis in England and Wales and to evaluate their risk factors and outcomes. The study was conducted using data from the General Practice Research Database. All cases of idiosyncratic neutropenia or agranulocytosis were identified and the incidence was estimated. This was followed by a nested case-control study, estimating odds ratios with drug exposure from conditional logistic regression. From 1987 to 1999, 3,224 patients with idiosyncratic neutropenia (50 with agranulocytosis) were identified. The incidences of neutropenia and agranulocytosis were estimated to be 120 and 7 cases per million people per year, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios for neutropenia were 34.7 (95% confidence interval 12.0-99.7) for current users of thyroid inhibitors, 9.5 (4.4-20.8) for users of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 7.6 (4.9-11.9) for users of aminosalicylates. Other drugs with statistically significantly increased risks of neutropenia included antibacterial drugs, non-opioid analgesics, NSAIDs, antidepressants, ulcer-healing drugs, and anti-epileptics. The increase in risk of neutropenia predominantly occurred during the first months of treatment. For most drugs investigated in this study, there was no relationship to daily dose. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and mostly explained by the underlying disease state. In conclusion, the highest risks of neutropenia were generally found in patients starting treatment. The excess 1-year mortality was low among neutropenia and agranulocytosis cases and can be mostly explained by the underlying disease state.     

中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性研究

目的探讨中青年超重和肥胖与高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性。方法选取2012年1月—2013年10月在我院进行常规健康体检者750例,测量受试者血压、身高、体质量及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果男性超重、肥胖检出率分别为36.87%(198/537)和13.97%(75/537),均高于女性的16.43%(35/213)和7.50%(16/213)(P0.05)。超重者和肥胖者高血压和高同型半胱氨酸血症检出率分别为21.03%(49/233)和11.16%(26/233)、46.12%(42/91)和41.76%(38/91),均高于正常者的9.16%(37/404)和2.23%(9/404),肥胖者高于超重者(P0.01)。收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及血清Hcy与BMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.639、0.515、0.497,P0.01)。结论中青年尤其是男性超半数存在超重或肥胖,高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症与BMI呈正相关,超重和肥胖者高血压及高同型半胱氨酸血症的发生率高,应积极防治。