无设计依据的混凝土梁承载力可靠性评估

将荷载过程视为随机过程 ,考虑既有混凝土梁的抗力劣化过程 ,采用时变的可靠性计算式 ,在对实验结果进行分析基础上 ,对一座无设计依据的混凝土梁可靠性进行了评估     

硫酸盐侵蚀环境因素对混凝土性能退化的影响

考虑硫酸盐侵蚀的阳离子类型、侵蚀溶液浓度、侵蚀溶液的PH值等环境因素影响，研究了环境因素对受硫酸盐腐蚀的混凝土性能退化的影响，对在不同侵蚀环境下受腐蚀混凝土试件的抗压强度、抗折强度进行了测试，实验结果表明，在腐蚀后期硫酸钠溶液中混凝土强度降低幅度比在硫酸镁溶液中混凝土强度降低幅度大；随腐蚀溶液浓度的增大和pH值的降低，混凝土强度衰减率增大，对各种环境条件下不同腐蚀阶段的混凝土进行了超声声速测试，测试结果表明：随混凝土强度的降低，超声波在混凝土中的传播速度降低，两的变化规律具有一致性，超声声速的变化可以反映不同腐蚀程度混凝土强度的变化情况。     

Evaluating Deterioration of Concrete by Sulfate Attack

Effects of factors such as water to cement ratio, fly ash and silica fume on the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack were investigated by dry-wet cycles and immersion method. The index of the resistance to sulfate attack was used to evaluate the deterioration degree of concrete damaged by sulfate. The relationship between the resistance of concrete to sulfate attack and its permeability/porosity were analyzed as well as its responding mechanism. Results show that the depth of sulfate crystal attack from surface to inner of concrete can be reduced by decreasing w/c and addition of combining fly ash with silica fume. The variation of relative elastic modulus ratio and relative flexural strength ratio of various specimens before and after being subjected to sulfate attack was compared.     

冻融与腐蚀耦合作用下沥青混凝土性能研究

国内外对冻融循环与硫酸盐腐蚀耦合作用下沥青混凝土的性能鲜有研究。鉴于此,在10%Na2SO4溶液加速劣化条件下采用真空饱水冻融劈裂试验,以冻融腐蚀因子评价沥青混凝土在冻融与腐蚀耦合作用下的性能变化规律。试验结果表明硫酸盐腐蚀加剧了冻融循环对沥青混凝土的破坏作用。SEM微观分析表明硫酸盐溶液较水溶液更易于侵入沥青膜与集料界面及沥青混凝土空隙中,并在冻融条件下发生结冰膨胀导致界面强度降低和裂缝的产生与扩展是沥青混凝土性能衰减的主要原因。水镁石纤维具有优良的稳定效应、界面增强效应和加筋桥接效应,掺加水镁石纤维可以有效提高沥青混凝土抗冻融腐蚀性能。     

Effects of Thaumasite Formation on the Performance of Portland-limestone Concrete Stored in Magnesium Sulfate Solution

The influence of theaumasite formation on the performance of Portland-limestone cement concrete stored in magnesium sulfate solution was studied.The experimental results show that the deterioration of Portlandlimestone cement concrete is higher than that of Portland cement concrete.The more the content of limestone,the more serious the deterioration of concrete,and also the lower the temperature,the earlier the deterioration of concrete.Thaumasite was detected to form in the Portland-limestone pastes when stored in 10wt% MgSO4 solution at 3-10℃ and is was easy to form at lower temperatures.     

硫酸盐腐蚀后混凝土单轴受压本构关系

为了研究硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土力学性能的变化,对受硫酸盐腐蚀的普通混凝土进行单轴受压实验.通过实验室加速腐蚀的实验方法,测定不同腐蚀时期的混凝土的应力应变全曲线,研究受腐蚀混凝土应力-应变曲线上的几个特征值(峰值应力及应变、弹性模量、割线模量、拐点应力及应变、收敛点应力及应变)随腐蚀程度变化的规律,对腐蚀后混凝土的应力应变全曲线进行拟合.结果表明:随腐蚀的进行,混凝土峰值应力、弹性模量先增加后减小,而峰值应变是先稍微有所减小,而后急剧增大;该实验条件下获得了受腐蚀后混凝土应力应变曲线上各特征值与峰值应力fc′的关系式,建立了曲线上升段参数αa的数学表达式.可以以受腐蚀混凝土的强度为基本参数,分别求解受腐蚀混凝土峰值应变、弹性模量,上升段曲线拟合参数、拐点应力以及收敛点应力.从而得到受腐蚀混凝土一系列的力学参数和本构关系.     

干湿交替环境下混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀劣化机理

通过试验模拟干湿循环作用下混凝土受不同质量分数硫酸钠的侵蚀特点,从不同侵蚀时间后混凝土的表观特征、质量经时变化规律、混凝土中硫酸根离子分布、侵蚀深度、混凝土轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度经时退化规律、变形经时变化规律等方面全面衡量混凝土的硫酸盐侵蚀损伤特征;讨论硫酸盐溶液质量分数、侵蚀龄期对混凝土损伤累积规律的影响;根据SEM图像分析受蚀混凝土的微观结构特征,揭示了干湿循环和硫酸盐侵蚀共同作用下,不同侵蚀时期后混凝土损伤的演变机理.试验结果表明,在干湿循环作用下硫酸钠对混凝土的侵蚀损伤是侵蚀产物与硫酸盐结晶膨胀共同作用的结果;在侵蚀初期由于晶体的填充密实作用,使得受蚀混凝土的质量、强度与延性增大;随着侵蚀时间的延长,混凝土不仅受到钙矾石、石膏等侵蚀产物的膨胀损伤作用,而且叠加了干湿循环过程中Na2SO4·10H2O的结晶膨胀作用,使得混凝土损伤反复进行并不断累积,加速了混凝土的受蚀劣化速度,质量、强度逐渐降低,脆性变大;由于拉应力的叠加效应,混凝土劈裂抗拉强度对硫酸盐侵蚀损伤更敏感.     

Degradation behavior of concrete under corrosive coal mine environment

Experimental investigations were taken for the degradation of concrete under coupling effects of hydrochloric acid mist and mixed salt mist consisting of chlorine and sulfate and carbon dioxide according to coal mine environment. Concrete specimens were subjected to four different deterioration time from 45 days to 180 days, with an interval of 45 days. The results showed that the carbonization depth of concrete increased speedy at first, then gently and then rapidly again with the change of fragility.The compressive strength of concrete increased at the initial stage of deterioration, and then decreased until the time of 135 days when they came to the second ascension of small quantity and then entered the decline trend under the coupling effect of carbonization and acid-salt attack. The elastic modulus changed slightly with the deterioration, meanwhile the fragility and ductility changed significantly before and after deterioration time of 180 days, which was identical to the failure modes.     

Deterioration Mechanisms of Sulfate Attack on Concrete under Alternate Action

By micro- and macro-observations, the deterioration mechanisms of concrete under alternate action between repeated sub-high temperature/cooling by water and sodium sulfate solution attack (TW-SA) were studied; meanwhile, the single sodium sulfate solution attack (SA) was also done as comparison. Micro-observations included the analysis of attack products by thermal analysis method and the determination of sulfate-ion content from surface to interior by chemical titrating method (modified barium sulfate grav...     

硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土双K断裂参数试验研究

为了评估硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土的工作性能并为断裂分析提供依据,采用三点弯曲梁试验方法,研究在硫酸盐侵蚀和干湿循环双重作用下混凝土双K断裂参数等断裂性能的劣化规律.基于断裂力学理论,通过在裂缝尖端表面粘贴应变片来监测裂缝的起裂、扩展和失稳断裂情况,得到在不同硫酸盐侵蚀龄期下试件的P-CMOD曲线.以侵蚀系数为评价指标,采用混凝土双K断裂准则计算构件的失稳韧度和起裂韧度.结果表明:起裂荷载与最大荷载的比值PQ/Pmax大致分布在0.55～0.90,失稳韧度和起裂韧度在侵蚀初期均有较明显的增大,转折点分别为60和30d,之后随侵蚀龄期不断缓慢减小.与失稳韧度相比,起裂韧度受硫酸盐侵蚀因素的影响较敏感.     

硫酸盐渍土中灌注桩竖向承载力演变规律

盐渍土中硫酸盐含量极高,对灌注桩具有极强的腐蚀作用从而影响其承载特性,为明确和分析混凝土灌注桩在硫酸盐盐渍土腐蚀下竖向承载力的演变规律,以及桩径、桩长对灌注桩腐蚀后承载力变化规律的影响,根据硫酸盐环境下混凝土劣化的腐蚀反应和机理,建立了硫酸盐渍土腐蚀环境下单桩承载力的评价模型;结合案例对硫酸盐渍土地区混凝土灌注桩的侧阻力、端阻力及桩体强度进行研究,分析和对比了桩长及桩径对硫酸盐腐蚀下灌注桩的承载特性演变规律的影响.结果表明:硫酸盐渍土腐蚀作用下灌注桩的侧阻力、端阻力及桩体强度均发生变化;桩侧阻力受到腐蚀产物积累、膨胀引起的桩周混凝土劣化和桩侧应力重分布的影响,同时也依赖于桩长及桩径变化;端阻力则由于单桩竖向有效面积的减小而降低;硫酸盐腐蚀作用下桩体强度降低幅度较大.由此可知,相同腐蚀条件下,增加桩径可有效提高抵抗硫酸盐腐蚀引起的承载力损失;实际设计中应考虑增加桩径的方法抵抗硫酸盐腐蚀引起的承载力损失.     

Deterioration mechanism of sulfate attack on concrete under freeze-thaw cycles

The experiments of concrete attacked by sulfate solution under freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. The sulfate solution includes two types of 5% Na2SO4 and 5% MgSO4. Through the experiment, microstructural analyses such as SEM, XRD and TGA measurements were performed on the selected samples after freeze-thaw cycles. The corrosion products of the concrete were distinguished and quantitatively compared by the thermal analysis. Besides, the damage mechanism considering the dynamic modulus of elastically of concrete under the coupling effect was also investigated. The experimental results show that, under the action of freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate attack, the main attack products in concrete are ettringite and gypsum. The corrosion products exposed to MgSO4 solution are more than those to Na2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some of gypsum can be observed only after a certain corrosion extent. It is also shown that MgSO4 solution has a promoting effect to the damage of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles. Whereas for Na：SO4 solution, the damage of concrete has restrained before 300 freeze-thaw cycles, but the sulfate attack accelerates the deterioration process in its further test period.     

Deterioration of dynamic mechanical property of concrete with mineral admixtures under fatigue loading

The dynamic mechanical property of concrete is one of the key parameters, which greatly influences durability of infrastructures subjected to continuous heavy loading, such as girder and track slab of high-speed railway foundation structure. This paper reports serials of experiments designed to investigate the deterioration of dynamic mechanical properties of different concretes under fatigue loading condition. Four parameters including relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM), relative dynamic shear modulus (RDSM), relative compressive strength (RCS) and water absorption (WA) of concrete were evaluated to assess the dynamic properties and microstructures of concretes. Results show that the fatigue stress levels and fatigue cycle durations significantly influence the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete including dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic shear modulus. Addition of proper mineral admixture can improve the dynamic mechanical characteristics of concrete and increase its resistance against the fatigue loading effect. Keeping the amount of mineral admixture in concrete constant, its dynamic mechanical property with fly ash is lower than that with fly ash and silica fume. The water absorption in concrete, which is an indirect parameter reflecting capillary porosity, increases evidently after bearing fatigue-loading. There is a close correlation between the deterioration of dynamic mechanical property and the increasing of water absorption of concrete. This indicates that the damage of microstructure of concrete subjected to fatigue loading is the indispensable reason for the decay of its dynamic mechanical performance.     

腐蚀环境中混凝土桩基耐久性研究进展

腐蚀环境中地下混凝土结构的耐久性问题一直是国内外研究的热点问题之一.针对海洋和近海氯盐侵蚀环境与内陆盐湖和盐碱地硫酸盐侵蚀环境中地下混凝土结构的耐久性问题,分别从混凝土侵蚀机理、侵蚀性离子扩散机制、钢筋锈蚀机理、混凝土强度和刚度损伤等几个方面总结和归纳了当前国内外的研究现状,探讨了氯盐侵蚀环境和硫酸盐侵蚀环境中地下混凝土结构的损伤特性和劣化机制.在此基础上,考虑PHC预制管桩和现浇钻孔灌注桩的制作养护工艺,分别论述了海工环境中水平受荷PHC管桩和盐渍土环境中竖向受荷钻孔灌注桩的侵蚀劣化机理,进而结合海工环境中水平受荷PHC管桩和盐渍土环境中竖向受荷钻孔灌注桩的承载机制,探讨了各自承载特性的退化规律,总结了海工环境中水平受荷PHC管桩和盐渍土环境中竖向受荷钻孔灌注桩寿命的预测方法.最后,基于当前腐蚀环境中钢筋混凝土桩基耐久性研究现状,笔者根据自己的见解提出了今后的研究思路和方向,以期为腐蚀环境中和复杂应力条件下钢筋混凝土桩基的耐久性研究以及今后相应规范的制定提供一定参考.     

氯盐对混凝土硫酸盐损伤的影响研究

研究了水胶比（W／B）为0．35和0．45的普通混凝土和粉煤灰掺量为20％和3096的粉煤灰混凝土在2种溶液（5% Na2SO4溶液．3．5％NaCl＋5％ Na2SO4复合溶液）和2种腐蚀制度（长期浸泡和浸烘循环）下各混凝土的损伤失效规律、特点及氯盐对混凝土硫酸盐损伤的正负效应。试验结果表明：混凝土浸泡在腐蚀溶液中500d，其抗压强度有增加段和稳定段；相对动弹性模量（RDME）变化有明显的线性增加段、稳定段，再增加段和再稳定段；在浸烘循环下，混凝土的抗压强度先下降，再上升然后迅速下降；其RDME变化包括下降、线性增加、缓慢下降和加速下降段。复合溶液中氯盐的存在拉长了各个腐蚀阶段的时间，延缓了混凝土的硫酸盐损伤程度。试验结果还表明：适宜的粉煤灰掺量和低水胶比能提高混凝土的抗硫酸盐腐蚀能力。     

Deterioration mechanisms of sulfate attack on concrete under alternate action

By micro- and macro-observations, the deterioration mechanisms of concrete under alternate action between repeated sub-high temperature/cooling by water and sodium sulfate solution attack (TW-SA) were studied; meanwhile, the single sodium sulfate solution attack (SA) was also done as comparison. Micro-observations included the analysis of attack products by thermal analysis method and the determination of sulfate-ion content from surface to interior by chemical titrating method (modified barium sulfate gravimetric method). Macro-observations mainly included the mechanical behaviors such as compressive strength, splitting strength. The experimental results indicate, in both cases, the main attack product is ettringite, only in the first layer of case SA some gypsum is checked; in case SA, the sulfate ions mainly concentrate in the surface layer, so the attack is relatively mild; but in case TW-SA, the repeated sub-high temperature/cooling by water promotes the sulfate ions diffusing inwards, which leads to obvious strength degradation.     

美国混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法评析

指出混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀破坏的本质与其暴露条件如持续浸泡、干湿交替、溶液pH值、质量分数和温度相关．在阐明混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀反应类型和侵蚀机理的基础上，分析实验室5种硫酸盐试验加速途径，评述美国现行5种硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法，指出现行硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法，在测试时间、侵蚀破坏指标、多因素分析和模拟现场侵蚀破坏的有效性方面需要改进．     

Damage Evolution of Concrete under the Actions of Stray Current and Sulphate

Based on the mechanism of stray current generation in underground structures,the concrete durability test device for stray current and sulphate in typical soil environment was designed to study the damage of concrete under the action of stray current and sulphate.The deterioration law of concrete under the action of stray current and sulphate was studied by microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The microstructure of corroded concrete was observed to determine the phase composition of erosion products.The damage performances such as quality,strength,and dynamic elastic mode of corroded concrete were performed.The experimental results show that,under the action of stray current,the products of sulfate-eroded concrete are mainly gypsum,ettringite,and thaumasite;the stray current accelerates the hydration process of cement and the erosion of concrete by sulfate;when the concrete pores are filled with the erosion product,there is an increase of approximately 10% in the concrete compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus;and the concrete compressive strength is more sensitive to the stray current electrification period than the current intensity.     

人工砂高性能混凝土的配合比设计

以京沪高速铁路为工程背景,结合混凝土施工中河砂资源紧张的实际情况,进行了人工砂制备高性能混凝土的研究,研究了泥粉含量、用水量、砂率对混凝土性能的影响,采用矿物掺合料技术等高性能混凝土配合比技术,采用人工砂设计制备出了C30、C35高速铁路桩体、承台、墩身用高性能混凝土。对于人工砂在高速铁路工程混凝土中的应用具有指导意义。     

硅灰对水泥净浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的改善作用

将水泥净浆试件在5%Na2SO4溶液中长期浸泡,用试件强度随浸泡时间的变化和试件中物相的XRD分析,研究了硅灰对水泥净浆抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响.在Na2SO4溶液侵蚀下,普通硅酸盐水泥净浆试件强度随浸泡时间先增长,然后急剧降低;外观和XRD相分析表明,其原因是由于形成了膨胀性钙矾石,造成试件开裂破坏;加入硅灰的水泥净浆试件强度损失明显减小,尤其是抗折强度没有降低,其抵抗强度下降系数还略有增加;原因是由于硅灰的稀释作用和火山灰效应减少了水泥净浆中Ca(OH)2的量,从而降低了水泥净浆试件在硫酸盐溶液侵蚀下形成的膨胀性钙矾石的量.因而,硅灰对水泥混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能有改善作用.