低氧气氛下煤粉燃烧特性及动力学

采用热重分析仪研究了不同煤粉在烟气气氛下的燃烧特性,考虑了升温速率和氧气浓度对燃烧特性的影响。研究结果表明:低氧条件、高升温速率下,煤粉的TG、DTG曲线均向高温区靠近,燃烧速率变慢,燃尽时间增长;改变氧气浓度和升温速率对煤的着火温度影响不大,在一定氧浓度(5%~15%)范围内,高水分低阶煤采用烟气干燥输送的制粉系统,能满足其安全性要求;氧气浓度和升温速率主要对煤的燃烧阶段产生影响,随着升温速率的升高和氧浓度的降低,燃尽温度明显升高,且氧浓度对燃烧特征参数的影响大于升温速率的影响。此外,采用Coats-Redfern积分法对煤粉在程序升温过程中的燃烧反应做了相应的动力学分析。结果表明:氧气浓度和升温速率的变化均对活化能产生影响,且随着氧气浓度的降低,煤阶对活化能的影响逐渐减弱。     

灰煤混合燃料的燃烧动力学特性研究

利用TGA/SDTA851e型热重分析仪,对煤及不同灰煤比的混合燃料进行了热失重实验,获得了其热失重特性曲线。采用单个扫描速率的Coats-Redfern法、多重扫描速率的FWO（Flynn-Wall-Ozawa）法和Starink法三种典型的热分析方法求取了各样品的动力学参数。结果表明：随着灰煤比的升高,样品燃烧反应平均过程的活化能增高;灰煤比由0升高到0.15时,样品的活化能、着火温度和燃烬温度变化较大;灰煤比从0.15升高到0.45时,活化能、着火温度和燃烬温度变化较小。同时,通过对比几种分析方法的计算结果,认为采用多重升温速率法求取活化能时要谨慎,建议采用单重升温速率法和多重升温速率法相结合来分析燃料的热解及燃烧机理。     

稻壳燃烧实验研究及综合动力学模型

本文采用热重法对稻壳进行了燃烧实验研究，探讨了升温速率、环境氧浓度和稻壳形态对稻壳燃烧过程的影响。本文同时提出了包括水份析出、挥发份析出和炭燃烧的综合动力学模型，通过计算机优化迭代得到了稻壳燃烧动力学参数，这对于稻壳燃烧（汽化）装置的设计以及开展燃烧过程数值计算具有实用意义。     

锡林浩特褐煤燃烧特性热重分析

利用热重分析仪获得了升温速率分别为10 K/min、30 K/min、50 K/min和70 K/min下锡林浩特褐煤的燃烧失重特性曲线,计算了着火温度、燃尽温度、最大失重速度等燃烧特性参数。采用Coats-Redfern法计算出反应动力学参数:活化能E和频率因子A。结果表明,随着升温速率升高,其着火温度降低,燃尽时间增加。     

几种生物质的TG-DTG分析及其燃烧动力学特性研究

采用热重分析技术对木屑、麦秆、玉米秆和玉米芯4种生物质的燃烧特性进行了研究,考察了其着火、燃尽特性和综合燃烧特性,研究了升温速率对生物质燃烧特性的影响,同时在热天平上对其进行了动力学试验研究.研究表明:生物质燃烧过程大致可以分为3个阶段,即水分析出阶段、挥发分析出燃烧阶段、固定碳燃烧与燃尽阶段:生物质具有着火温度低、燃尽温度低、燃尽率高等优点;随着升温速率的提高,着火温度、各试样挥发分最大释放速率、燃尽温度均呈升高趋势,燃烧特性随升温速率的提高而变好.采用一级反应动力学模型和积分法对生物质燃烧动力学参数的研究表明,生物质具有较低的活化能,有利于点燃.     

猪粪热解特性及其动力学研究

在程序控温热重分析仪上进行了不同升温速率(10,20,30,50℃/min)的猪粪热解失重试验,获得了猪粪热解特性参数;采用分布活化能模型(DAEM)进行动力学分析,计算得到整个热解过程的活化能和频率因子的分布规律。结果表明,猪粪热解过程呈现失水干燥段、热解过渡段、挥发分析出段和碳化段,升温速率对猪粪的热解有一定的影响,表现为随升温速率的升高,DTG曲线向高温侧移动;动力学分析表明,猪粪热解活化能在52~113 kJ/mol变化,低于锯末、稻壳、稻秆、椰壳热解的活化能,说明猪粪较其他生物质易受热分解;同时猪粪热解的活化能和频率因子之间存在动力学补偿关系,但整个热解过程中这种补偿关系呈分段趋势。     

玉米秸秆燃烧过程及燃烧动力学分析

采用TG-DTA-DTG热分析联用技术对玉米秸秆在不同升温速率下进行了燃烧实验.考察了着火温度、燃烧速率最大时温度、燃尽温度等燃烧特征参数.根据对不同升温速率下玉米秸秆燃烧过程的分析,用双组分分阶段反应模型能够很好的描述玉米秸秆的燃烧过程.建立了玉米秸秆反应动力学方程,得到了在不同温度区间的燃烧动力学方程和表观活化能、频率因子等燃烧动力学参数,并提出了相应的燃烧机理.     

锡林浩特褐煤热解特性热重分析与DAEM模型分析

采用热重分析法对锡林浩特相同粒度褐煤煤粉热解特性进行了热分析研究。根据实验数据,计算了燃烧反应速度峰值所对应的温度。褐煤粒度相同时,升温速率对最大重量损失速率的影响很大,随着升温速率的增加,TG曲线明显出现陡度减小,最大重量损失速率增大,并且峰值温度有增加的趋势,挥发分析出明显提前,热解结束时间也明显提前,即热解反应更加容易发生;DTG峰值向高温区偏移。从实验数据得到煤热解的活化能分布值显示,锡林浩特褐煤活化能随着失重率的升高而增大,活化能处于230~500 k J/mol范围。     

不同升温速率脱脂餐厨垃圾燃烧特性及动力学研究

利用热重分析法和Coats-Redfern积分法,对不同升温速率下脱脂餐厨垃圾的燃烧特性进行研究,得出各试样的着火温度、燃尽温度及综合燃烧特性指数,并通过燃烧动力学分析得到各试样的活化能。实验结果表明,燃烧温度从室温升至1000℃时,脱脂餐厨垃圾燃烧过程可分为3个失重阶段:水分析出阶段、挥发分析出及燃烧阶段和固定碳燃烧阶段;升温速率对脱脂餐厨垃圾最大失重率以及燃烧特性指数等燃烧特性参数都有显著影响。根据Coats-Redfern积分法计算结果,脱脂餐厨垃圾在空气氛围下的燃烧反应不能单纯用一级反应来描述,低温和高温阶段的活化能分别为63.4~77.83 kJ/mol和78.63~94.58 kJ/mol。     

厨余垃圾及其水热炭燃烧特性与动力学研究

采用热重分析法研究厨余垃圾及其水热炭的燃烧特性与反应动力学。对比分析厨余垃圾及其水热炭在3种不同升温速率(10、20、40℃/min)下的燃烧特性,分别采用KAS(Kissiger-Akahira-Sunose)法和FWO(Flynn-Wall-Ozawa)法计算燃烧过程中反应动力学参数。结果表明:20℃/min升温速率下,厨余垃圾与水热炭呈现不同的燃烧特性,厨余垃圾微分热重(DTG)曲线呈明显的双峰结构,而随着炭化温度的升高,水热炭DTG曲线第1个峰逐渐变缓,最后消失。随着升温速率的增大,各样品DTG曲线整体向高温侧偏移,着火温度和燃尽温度升高,燃烧特性指数增大。KAS法和FWO法求得的各样品燃烧活化能均具有相似变化趋势,因挥发分含量减少及固定碳含量增加,厨余水热炭热值增大,燃烧过程中平均活化能高于厨余垃圾。     

Combustion Reactivity of Rice Husk: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation

The combustion reactivity of rice husk from New South Wales, Australia was measured by heating cubical baskets in controlled environment and monitoring the centre temperature. Frank-Kamenetskii's ignition theory was used to calculate the activation energy. Results agreed well with tests on other cellulosic materials, Numerical simulations of temperature changes were carried out, using a special technique to deal with non-linearities in the heat conduction equation. The numerical results indicate that the time factor should be taken into account when evaluating self-combustion risks.     

O2/CO2/N2气氛下玉米秸秆混煤燃烧特性及动力学分析

以玉米秸秆和煤粉为原料,在不同原料配比,不同升温速率下,利用热重分析仪在模拟锅炉气氛下进行燃烧实验,采用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法建立动力学模型,研究模拟锅炉气氛下玉米秸秆及其混煤燃烧的燃烧特性及其动力学,对比相同实验条件空气气氛下的燃烧工况结果表明,燃料的综合燃烧特性指数SN随升温速率的增大而成倍增长,因掺入煤粉的比例加倍而减半;随着掺混煤比例的增大,失重速率(DTG)曲线上固定碳燃烧阶段逐渐分化为2个失重峰,模拟锅炉气氛下分化现象更为明显;煤粉的掺入会使燃烧过程所需表观活化能波动增大。     

Overview of combustion and gasification of rice husk in fluidized bed reactors

Rice is cultivated in more than 75 countries in the world. The rice husk is the outer cover of the rice and on average it accounts for 20% of the paddy produced, on weight basis. The worldwide annual husk output is about 80 million tonnes with an annual energy potential of 1.2 × 10⁹ GJ corresponding to a heating value of 15 MJ/kg. India alone generates about 22 million tonnes of rice husk per year. If an efficient method is available, the husk can be converted to a useful form of energy to meet the thermal and mechanical energy requirements of the rice mills themselves. This paper provides an overview of previous works on combustion and gasification of rice husk in atmospheric bubbling fluidized bed reactors and summarizes the state of the art knowledge. As the high ash content, low bulk density, poor flow characteristics and low ash melting point makes the other types of reactors like grate furnaces and downdraft gasifiers either inefficient or unsuitable for rice husk conversion to energy, the fluidized bed reactor seems to be the promising choice. The overview shows that the reported results are from only small bench or lab scale units. Although a combustion efficiency of about 80% can normally be attained; the reported values in the literature, which are more than 95%, seem to be in higher order. Combustion intensity of about 530 kg/h/m² is reported. It is also technically feasible to gasify rice husk in a fluidized bed reactor to yield combustible producer gas, even with sufficient heating value for application in internal combustion engines. A combustible gas with heating value of 4-6 MJ/Nm³ at a rate of 2.8-4.6 MW_th/m² seems to be possible. Only very little information is available on the pollutant emissions in combustion and tar emissions from gasification. The major conclusion is that the results reported in the literature are limited and vary widely, emphasizing the need for further research to establish suitable and optimum operating conditions for commercial implementations.     

Combustion Reactivity of Rice Husk：An Experimantal and Numerical Investigation

The combustion reactivity of rice husk from New South Wales,ustralia was measured by heating cubical baskets in controlled environment and monitoring the centre temperature.Frank-Kamenetskii‘s ignition theory was used to calculate the activation energy,Results agreed well with tests on other cellulosic materials,Numerical simulations of temperature changes were carried out,using a special technique to deal with non-linearities in the heat conduction equation.The numerical Results indicate that the time factor should be taken into account when evaluating self-combustion risks.     

稻壳变工况反应动力学研究

采用热重分析仪研究了稻壳变工况气化特性,考察了气化反应温度、气化介质流量和操作压力对稻壳气化反应特性的影响,利用反应动力学理论对压力影响反应活化能的变化进行了计算。结果表明:稻壳气化反应过程中,碳转化率随温度的升高而增加,气化剂流量在60 ml/min以上时可以消除气化剂向外扩散的影响,随着气化压力的提高,气化反应速率加快,稻壳试样的碳转化率有所增加,在同一反应时刻,该增加关系并不是线性的,当压力较高时,空气与稻壳的还原反应所受影响较弱,稻壳气化反应活化能随压力增加先降低后上升,该现象说明压力过高对气化反应有抑制作用。     

Rice husk combustion evolved gas analysis experiments and modelling

Rice husk is a major agricultural waste which could be a major source of fuel for boilers and furnaces if its calorific value could be realized efficiently. The oxidation kinetics of rice husks combustion were investigated using an evolved gas analysis technique. Rice husk samples were heated from 100 °C to 500 °C at a constant rate inside a small pressurised reactor. An oxygen-containing gas was passed through the reactor at a controlled flow rate and the evolved gas was continually analysed for its oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide contents after moisture had been removed. A model for the oxidation of the rice husks samples is proposed that considers that the many simultaneous and competing oxidation reactions may be adequately represented by grouping them into three overlapping and competing reaction regimes in which CO₂, CO and H₂O are the only reaction products. The activation energies, and peak oxygen consumption temperatures were all found to be linear functions of the oxygen partial pressure in the reactor. Increasing the oxygen partial pressure decreased the temperatures at which peak oxygen consumption occurred. The total system pressure had no effect on the combustion behaviour other than through the oxygen partial pressure. At a heating rate of 80 K h⁻¹ and a system pressure of 500 kPa values for E/R for the low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature oxidation reactions are 14.7, 19.2 and 17.4 respectively.     

Experimental study on ignition and combustion of coal-rice husk blends pellets in air and oxy-fuel conditions

The ignition and combustion characteristics of anthracite-rice husk (AC-RH) and bituminous coal-rice husk (BC-RH) pellets were investigated in a vertical heating tube furnace under different experimental condition, for gas temperature (873 K–1073 K) and under air and different oxygen concentration (21–70%) in CO₂/O₂ atmosphere. The investigation of the ignition and combustion characteristics focused on ignition mechanism, ignition delay, ignition temperature and combustion process. AC-RH pellets had two ignition mechanism in CO2/O2 atmosphere: homogeneous ignition of volatile and heterogeneous ignition of char. Heterogeneous ignition region decreased while homogeneous ignition increased as rice husk blending ratio increased in oxygen concentration-gas temperature plane. Only homogeneous ignition was observed when rice husk blending ratio was 30%. As for BC-RH pellets, only homogeneous ignition occurred in all experimental conditions. The effect of the rice husk blending on the anthracite was more pronounced than the bituminous coal for ignition mechanism. As oxygen concentration increased, a significant reduction in ignition delay and ignition temperature was observed at low rice husk blending ratio and low gas temperature. but at 1073 K, high oxidizer temperature weakened the effect of biomass blending and oxygen concentration on ignition delay and ignition temperature. Meanwhile, at 20% and 30% rice husk blending ratio, it also weakened the effect of oxygen concentration and oxidizer temperature on ignition delay and ignition temperature. In contrast, blending ratio had a more significant effect on ignition behavior. The replacement of N₂ by CO₂ at the same oxygen concentration contributed to an increase in ignition delay time and internal ignition temperature, which suppressed the ignition behavior. Different ignition mechanisms corresponded to different combustion processes.