Discretization of nonlinear non-affine time delay systems based on second-order hold

When calculating the sampled-date representation of nonlinear systems second-order hold(SOH) assumption can be applied to improving the precision of the discretization results. This paper proposes a discretization method based on Taylor series and the SOH assumption for the nonlinear systems with the time delayed non-affine input. The mathematical structure of the proposed discretization method is explored. This proposed discretization method can provide a precise and finite dimensional discretization model for the nonlinear time-delayed non-affine system by keeping the truncation order of the Taylor series. The performance of the proposed discretization method is evaluated by doing the simulation using a nonlinear system with the time-delayed non-affine input.Different input signals, time-delay values and sampling periods are considered in the simulation to investigate the proposed method.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is practical and easy for time-delayed nonlinear non-affine systems.The comparison between SOH assumption with first-order hold(FOH) and zero-order hold(ZOH) assumptions is given to show the advantages of the proposed method.     

A discretization method for nonlinear delayed non-affine systems

The input time delay is always existent in the practical systems. Analysis of the delay phenomenon in a continuous-time domain is sophisticated. It is appropriate to obtain its corresponding discrete-time model for implementation via digital computer. This paper proposes a new discretization method for calculating a sampled-data representation of nonlinear time-delayed non-affine systems. The proposed scheme provides a finite-dimensional representation for nonlinear systems with non-affine time-delayed input enabling existing nonlinear controller design techniques to be applied to them. The performance of the proposed discretization procedure is evaluated by using a nonlinear system with non-affine time-delayed input. For this nonlinear system, various time delay values are considered.     

含时滞记忆的非线性时滞系统满意容错控制

针对一类基于T-S模糊模型描述的非线性时滞系统,研究在一般执行器故障模式下的含时滞记忆的鲁棒H∞容错控制器设计问题.针对任意连续型执行器故障模式,采用并行分布式补偿原理设计含记忆型状态反馈控制器,给出非线性时滞系统在执行器发生故障情况下的鲁棒镇定准则.然后给出H∞性能指标约束下的满意容错控制器的设计方法和设计步骤.提出的含时滞记忆的状态反馈控制方法可以确保当执行器发生故障时,闭环系统不仅具有渐近稳定性,而且有一定的抗扰动性能,状态反馈控制器设计的保守性较不含时滞记忆控制器设计方法大大降低.仿真实例验证了鲁棒容错控制策略的有效性.     

Time discretization of nonlinear time-delay system using matrix exponential method

A time discretization method for nonlinear time-delay systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed method is based on the matrix exponential method and includes the automatic correction of rounding errors. It is robust to ill-conditioned problems and suitable for any nonlinear system. In the proposed algorithm, each sampling time interval is divided into two subintervals to be considered separately according to the time delay and the sampling period. The performance of the proposed discretization procedure is evaluated by two case studies.     

An energy-preserving algorithm for nonlinear Hamiltonian wave equations with Neumann boundary conditions

In this paper, a novel energy-preserving numerical scheme for nonlinear Hamiltonian wave equations with Neumann boundary conditions is proposed and analyzed based on the blend of spatial discretization by finite element method (FEM) and time discretization by Average Vector Field (AVF) approach. We first use the finite element discretization in space, which leads to a system of Hamiltonian ODEs whose Hamiltonian can be thought of as the semi-discrete energy of the original continuous system. The stability of the semi-discrete finite element scheme is analyzed. We then apply the AVF approach to the Hamiltonian ODEs to yield a new and efficient fully discrete scheme, which can preserve exactly (machine precision) the semi-discrete energy. The blend of FEM and AVF approach derives a new and efficient numerical scheme for nonlinear Hamiltonian wave equations. The numerical results on a single-soliton problem and a sine-Gordon equation are presented to demonstrate the remarkable energy-preserving property of the proposed numerical scheme.     

Homotopy perturbation transform method for nonlinear equations using He’s polynomials

In this paper, a combined form of the Laplace transform method with the homotopy perturbation method is proposed to solve nonlinear equations. This method is called the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM). The nonlinear terms can be easily handled by the use of He’s polynomials. The proposed scheme finds the solution without any discretization or restrictive assumptions and avoids the round-off errors. The fact that the proposed technique solves nonlinear problems without using Adomian’s polynomials can be considered as a clear advantage of this algorithm over the decomposition method.     

Decentralized adaptive output-feedback control for a class of nonlinear large-scale systems with unknown time-varying delayed interactions

In this paper, the authors investigate a decentralized adaptive output-feedback controller design for large-scale nonlinear systems with input saturations and time-delayed interconnections unmatched in control inputs. The interaction terms with unknown time-varying delays are bounded by unknown nonlinear bounding functions including all states of subsystems. This point is a main contribution of this paper compared with previous output-feedback control approaches which assume that the time-delayed bounding functions only depend on measurable output variables. The bounding functions are compensated by using appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and the function approximation technique based on neural networks. The observer dynamic surface design technique is employed to design the proposed memoryless local controller for each subsystem. In addition, we prove that all signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly bounded and control errors converge to an adjustable neighborhood of the origin. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.     

Pyragas Stabilizability of Unstable Equilibria by Nonstationary Time-Delayed Feedback

The problem of Pyragas stabilizability of unstable equilibria of nonlinear systems is considered. Stabilization algorithm by periodic time-delayed feedback is constructed. An analytical criterion for stabilization is obtained. The proposed approach is based on the method of nonstationary stabilization.     

A Comparison of Fuzzy and CPWL Approximations in the Continuous-time Nonlinear Model-predictive Control of Time-delayed Wiener-type Systems

This paper deals with a novel method of continuous-time model-predictive control for nonlinear time-delayed systems. The problems relating to time delays are solved by incorporating the Smith-predictor scheme in a control-law derivation. A nonlinear-mapping approximation, employing either continuous piece-wise linear functions or a fuzzy system, is also an integral part of the control scheme, and thus removes the need for output-function invertibility. An illustrative experiment is conducted to compare the control quality in both approaches when tackling a time-delayed Wiener-type system control.     

Neural-Network-Based Decentralized Adaptive Control for a Class of Large-Scale Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Time-Varying Delays

A decentralized adaptive methodology is presented for large-scale nonlinear systems with model uncertainties and time-delayed interconnections unmatched in control inputs. The interaction terms with unknown time-varying delays are bounded by unknown nonlinear bounding functions related to all states and are compensated by choosing appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and using the function approximation technique based on neural networks. The proposed memoryless local controller for each subsystem can simply be designed by extending the dynamic surface design technique to nonlinear systems with time-varying delayed interconnections. In addition, we prove that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semiglobally uniformly bounded, and the control errors converge to an adjustable neighborhood of the origin. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.      

Decentralised stabilisation for nonlinear time delay interconnected systems using static output feedback

In this paper, time delay interconnected systems are considered where the nominal isolated subsystems are fully nonlinear. The interconnections and the matched and mismatched disturbances are nonlinear and time-delayed. A decentralised static output feedback control strategy is proposed to stabilise the resulting interconnected system uniformly asymptotically. A novel approach is proposed to deal with the interconnections by introducing artificial interconnections, such that accessible information is fully exploited in the control design to reduce conservatism. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A cell technique for computing the failure probabilities of structural systems

Several methods for computing structural system reliability are reviewed. A discretization or cell technique for determining the failure probabilites of structural systems is proposed. The Gaussian numerical integration method is introduced to improve its computational accuracy. The method can apply to Gaussian or non-Gaussian variables with linear or nonlinear safety margin equations. The method is easy to realize and requires no iteration or partial differentiation of the safety margin equations. The theory and examples show that the computer run-time of this method is very low.     

不确定时滞切换系统的鲁棒滑模控制

该文研究了一类具有非匹配不确定性和非线性扰动的时滞切换系统的滑模控制问题.首先,针对每个子系统设计对应的时滞依赖滑模面,利用驻留时间方法,给出了由滑动模态方程组成的切换系统鲁棒渐近稳定的充分条件;然后设计了滑模控制器,使得闭环系统的状态能够到达滑模面上,产生滑动模态.最后,仿真实例说明所提出方法的有效性.     

基于参数自适应延时反馈的混沌系统控制及应用

针对延迟反馈法参数较难确定的问题,给出了一种自适应调节反馈系数方法来控制非线性Lorenz混沌系统的方案.数值仿真结果表明,选择适当的延迟时间和反馈系数能够控制系统的不稳定周期轨道、消除混沌,并能使系统从失稳状态进入稳定状态.由于不需要外加参考信号,可以在混沌态的任意时刻施加控制,所以该方法简单易行.同时将以上控制效果应用于动画的控制中,对指定动画角色行为进行控制,使其可以运动到混沌的轨道上或者某一个特殊的轨迹上.     

基于遗传算法的延迟反馈法控制Lorenz混沌

该文将遗传算法与混沌的延迟反馈控制方法相结合,提出了基于遗传算法的延迟反馈控制方法。它利用遗传算法强大的寻优能力来整定延迟反馈控制中的控制刚度矩阵参数,从而克服了延迟反馈控制中控制刚度难以确定的问题。对混沌Lorenz系统的仿真控制说明该算法具有快速性好和抗干扰能力强等优点。     

Suppression of high order disturbances and tracking for nonchaotic systems: A time-delayed state feedback approach

Time-delayed state feedback is an easy realizable control method that generates control force by differencing the current and the delayed versions of the system states. In this paper, a new form of the time-delayed state feedback structure is introduced. Based on the proposed time-delayed state feedback method, a new robust tracking system is designed. This tracking system improves the conventional state feedback with integral action disturbance rejection characteristics in the presence of the disturbance signals imposed on the system dynamics or on the sensors that measure the system states. Also, the proposed tracking system tracks the ramp-shaped reference input signal, which is not achievable through conventional state feedback. Moreover, since the proposed method adds delays to the closed-loop system dynamics, the ordinary differential equation of the system changes to a delay differential equation with an infinite number of characteristic roots. Thus, conventional pole placement techniques cannot be used to design the time-delayed state feedback controller parameters. In this paper, the simulated annealing algorithm is used to determine the proposed control system parameters and move the unstable roots of the delay differential equation to the left half-plane. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed reference input tracker is demonstrated by presenting two numerical examples.     

面向半物理仿真的陈述式模型求解方法研究

通过符号操作和数值计算相结合,提出了一种求解半物理仿真模型的新方法。为了满足半物理仿真对实时性的要求,在模型编译阶段将代表数值积分的隐式离散公式插入到仿真模型中,增广后的方程系统伴随着非线性方程的出现,需要在积分的每一步对这些非线性方程进行迭代求解,而求解非线性方程的时间复杂度随维度的变大成指数增加,因此引入代数环撕裂减小代数方程块耦合变量数,以满足实时求解对粒度的要求。最后通过实例对文中提出的方法进行了验证。     

色噪声激励的时滞非线性系统瞬态响应研究

建立了色噪声与时滞联合作用的非线性系统模型,提出求解其瞬态概率密度的高效近似算法。利用等价变换将时滞系统简化为非时滞系统;通过线性化方法和随机平均原理得到原系统振幅过程的平均It?随机微分方程和相应的Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov（FPK）方程。基于退化线性系统导出一组正交基,在该基空间内进行Galerkin变分得到近似瞬态概率密度。将该方法应用到受色噪声激励的双时滞Duffing-Van Der Pol振子得到理论解,采用蒙特卡罗模拟（MCS）验证理论解的正确性。分析了色噪声参数和时滞参数对瞬态响应的影响。研究结果表明：所提理论方法可有效求解受色噪声激励的时滞非线性系统的瞬态概率密度;算法求解效率高于MCS;色噪声和时滞均明显影响了系统瞬态响应。     

Enclosing the solutions of nonlinear systems of equations

The quadratically convergent Newton-type methods and its variants are generally used for solving the nonlinear systems of equations. Most of these methods use the convexity conditions [7] of the involved bounded linear operators for their convergence. Alefeld and Herzberger [1] have proposed a quadratically convergent iterative method for enclosing the solutions of the special type of nonlinear system of equations arising from the discretization of nonlinear boundary value problems which do not require the convexity conditions but uses the subinverses of the bounded linear operators. In this paper, we have proposed a modification of this method which takes it further faster. The proposed method uses bom the superinverses and subinverses of bounded linear operators. At the expense of slightly more computations than used in [1], the rate of convergence of our method enhances from quadratic to cubic. Finally, the method is tested on a numerical example.     

Fault estimation for T-S fuzzy Markovian jumping systems based on the adaptive observer

The adaptive fault estimation problem is studied for a class of stochastic Markovian jumping systems (MJSs) with time delays and nonlinear parameters. By means of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models, the dynamics of observer error generator and the fuzzy error dynamical system are constructed. Based on the selected Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional framework, the adaptive fault estimation algorithm is proposed to enhance the rapidity and accuracy performance of fault estimation. In terms of linear matrix inequalities techniques, a sufficient condition on the existence of the adaptive observer is presented and proved. Moreover, the presented results are also extended to multiple time-delayed nonlinear MJSs. A numerical example is given at last to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.