改进的超视距空战态势评估方法

根据现代超视距空战的特点,结合目前超视距空战态势评估模型的不足,提出了一种改进的态势评估模型。该模型针对战机在超视距空域内寻找目标、互射导弹实施打击的特点,以载机速度、高度、空战能力、雷达探测性能,以及导弹攻击性能等作为主要研究对象,分析并建立了武器运用优势函数、飞行状态优势函数以及空战能力优势函数,用加权综合的方法得到双方的优势函数,模型更符合现代超视距空战实战特点。大量的数据仿真和实例应用结果验证了该评估算法的有效性。     

轨迹发生器设计与仿真

轨迹发生器在惯性导航技术研究过程中是非常重要的,本文介绍了轨迹发生器软件包设计的整体思路,详细推导了轨迹方程,描述了外部信息控制下的位置、速度、姿态、比力以及载体绝对角速度的变化规律,分析了载机在直线飞行、滚转摇摆、转弯机动、正弦机动四种飞行轨迹的控制规律,完成了相应的控制方程的设计,最后对载机在对称轴滚转摇摆飞行状态时轨迹发生器进行了仿真.仿真结果表明该轨迹发生器的设计是正确的,符合载机飞行的各种实际状态.     

空战战法训练系统目标机飞行轨迹实现

空战战法训练系统是运用仿真手段对指挥员和飞行员进行空战战法训练的虚拟系统,在该系统中,目标飞机的运动及其飞行轨迹生成是关系到系统成败的关键环节。首先分析确定了生成基于现有战法的目标飞机飞行轨迹的步骤;然后针对敌方飞机数据缺乏的实际状况,结合训练系统设计,在保证系统要求的前提下给出了考虑飞行极限参数的简化目标机仿真模型;根据现代空战特点选定了空战机动动作集,并设计了动作库;最后给出了根据时间步长推算的飞行轨迹简化计算模型。经实际检验,该模型可以有效地满足空战战法训练系统的需要。     

基于自适应GWO的多UCAV协同攻击目标决策

针对多架无人机相互协同攻击多个来袭目标的武器目标决策问题进行了研究。利用层次分析法（AHP）评估了空战能力指数和三维空战态势威胁指数的权重,针对协同攻击空战的分配原则,采用计算分配值的情况下提出了一种自适应搜索的灰狼求解算法,实现了武器目标攻击决策的求解。仿真表明,改进的GWO算法对决策方案的求解速度和求解质量与现有的粒子群算法（PSO）、蚁群算法（ACA）和遗传算法（GA）等相比均有所明显提高。     

超视距多目标攻击排序问题的蚁群算法

针对现代超视距空战的指挥决策问题,提出一种基于蚁群算法思想的超视距多目标攻击的优化排序方法。该方法利用蚁群算法的并行计算和全局快速搜索能力,使超视距多目标攻击排序算法能够在限定时间内获得满意解,并给出应用该方法的具体实现步骤。仿真实验说明了该算法的有效性,特别当问题规模较大时,该算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的精度。     

基于复合制导的中/远距空空导弹仿真

中/远距空空导弹攻击距离远、杀伤力强,成为空战致命武器,弹道轨迹和攻击区的解算是对其仿真研究的核心内容.由于空空导弹大都采用复合制导,初始阶段采用惯性导航法,末段采用雷达制导或红外制导,仿真研究复杂且精度较差.为此提出将惯性导航部分分为机载计算机输出轨迹模型和无线电修正,忽略了惯导内部复杂的制导机理.采用比例导引法和运动方程相结合,同时充分考虑导弹速度特性和可用过载,使仿真简单易行.进行了惯导加红外制导导弹仿真,结果表明,就弹道轨迹和攻击区与真实导弹进行比较,改进算法简化了运算过程,提高了精度,具有有效性.     

基于混合蛙跳算法的协同空战火力分配

针对超视距多机协同空战中的火力分配（WTA）问题,建立了协同空战火力分配的数学模型,提出了采用混合蛙跳算法（SFLA）来求解协同空战火力分配问题,根据无约束化的编码方式,结合交叉、变异的遗传操作,提高了算法的收敛速度以及全局搜索能力,能有效避免陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明,所提出的混合蛙跳算法在解决协同空战火力分配问题中具有高效可行性。     

空战目标机规避仿真设计研究

针对传统对抗性空战模拟仿真中目标机不能根据战场态势和环境进行自身机动动作调整,缺乏自主智能性的缺陷,在分析机载雷达以及空空导弹的缺陷和不足的基础上,分别建立规避机载雷达机动数学模型及规避空空导弹机动数学模型.设计并建立机动规避专家控制规则库,仿真实现了具有智能机动决策机制的目标规避仿真机.仿真结果表明该智能目标机能够有效的选择自身机动方式,对雷达探测和导弹攻击进行规避躲闪,为模拟空战增添逼真的目标环境,对空战仿真训练具有实际意义.     

变速度条件下控制攻击时间和角度的协同制导律

控制攻击时间和角度的协同制导律可提高多弹突防能力,发挥最大打击效能,是当前的研究热点.已有的协同制导律多数假设导弹飞行速度不发生改变,未考虑速度变化对到达时间估计带来的影响.鉴于此,采用贝塞尔曲线作为打击轨迹,根据导弹速度包络和贝塞尔轨迹长度对导弹到达时间进行估计.在证明贝塞尔曲线长度随初始航迹角增加而单调增加的基础上,通过调整虚拟初始航迹角来增加或缩短预期到达时间,进而实现弹群预期到达时间趋于一致.在假设缩短轨迹长度可缩短到达时间的基础上,证明了该协同算法可在飞行过程中控制弹群形成一致到达时间.通过仿真实验,验证了所提出算法可在保证各弹攻击角度精确的前提下实现较高的时间协同精度.     

基于模糊多因素的对地多目标攻击战术规划研究

针对空战决策问题已有算法的不足,根据威胁评估和多属性决策的特点,建立基于模糊多因素的对地多目标攻击决策模型,使空战决策问题转化为对目标威胁度的求解。通过求解该模型即可获得多因素决策问题的目标威胁程度的排序,同时求得威胁程度最大的目标。最后通过仿真说明该模型的合理性和有效性,从而为对地多目标攻击提供一种有效的决策方法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。