食品中敌菌灵残留量的HPLC测定方法研究

建立了一套较为完善的检测食品中农药敌菌灵残留量的高效液相色谱外标法。采用乙腈-水溶液为流动相,流速1.0ml/min。于250nm用紫外检测器进行检测。其重复测定结果的RSD在2.60%～4.80%范围内,回收率在90.50%～103.66%范围内。本方法适用于蔬菜和原粮中敌菌灵农药残留量的测定。     

SPE-HPLC测定黄瓜、番茄中敌菌灵和异菌脲残留量

建立采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定黄瓜、番茄中敌菌灵和异菌脲农药残留量的分析方法。样品用乙腈均质法提取盐析后脱水,经SPE固相萃取净化,浓缩仪浓缩后进液相色谱分离与检测,外标法定量。对样品进行添加回收率试验,添加浓度分别为0.1、0.5、1.0 mg/kg,敌菌灵和异菌脲2种农药的回收率在82.5%~102.8%之间,标准偏差(RSD)在2.95%~8.68%之间,最低检出限为0.02 mg/kg。该方法满足黄瓜、番茄中敌菌灵和异菌脲农药残留量的检测要求。     

液相色谱法快速测定葡萄酒中多种防霉剂的残留量

为建立同时测定葡萄酒中多种防霉剂(多菌灵、噻菌灵、苯菌灵、敌菌灵、腐霉利、联苯)的快速检测方法，采用固相萃取前处理、紫外荧光双检测器技术，高效液相色谱法测定葡萄酒中6种防霉剂的残留量。葡萄酒中6种防霉剂3个水平的添加回收率(n=7)分别为多菌灵78％～97％、苯菌灵78％～109％、敌菌灵79％～103％、腐霉利84％～100％、联苯78％～101％、噻菌灵78％～96％；6种防霉剂的相对标准偏差(RDS)分别为多菌灵2．3％～5．2％、苯菌灵1．7％～8．1％、敌菌灵1．0％～8、2％、腐霉利3．1％～5．3％、联苯3．9％～6、1％、噻菌灵4．5％～8．1％；6种防霉剂工作曲线的相关系数r值均大于0．994，样品中6种防霉剂的最低检出浓度(s／n=3)分别为多菌灵10μg/L、苯菌灵50μg/L、敌菌灵50μg/L、腐霉利50μg/L、联苯5μg/L、噻菌灵2μg/L。该方法适合葡萄酒中防霉剂残留量的检测。     

SPE-HPLC测定黄瓜中敌菌灵和苯甲酰脲类农药残留

研究了采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)同时测定黄瓜中敌菌灵和苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂农药残留量的方法,同时测定了黄瓜中敌菌灵和苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂8种农药的残留量。样品用乙腈均质法提取盐析后脱水,经SPE固相萃取净化,浓缩仪浓缩后进液相色谱分离与检测,外标法定量。对样品进行添加回收率试验,添加浓度分别为0.05,0.5和1.0 mg/kg,回收率在80.2%~108.6%之间,标准偏差(RSD)在2.96%~10.92%之间,方法定量限0.01~0.03mg/kg,适合黄瓜中敌菌灵和苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂8种农药残留量的检测要求。     

气相色谱法测定蔬菜中克菌丹、灭菌丹、敌菌丹残留量的研究

建立蔬菜中克菌丹、灭菌丹和敌菌丹三种农药同时测定的气相色谱检测方法。样品用丙酮提取,经正己烷液液萃取,弗罗里硅土和石墨化碳黑混合柱净化,以具有电子捕获检测器(ECD)的气相色谱(GC)仪测定。方法在0.01、0.05、0.1mg/kg 三个添加水平时的三种农药的平均回收率为克菌丹 71.6%～100.2%、灭菌丹78.6%～104.6%、敌菌丹 70.2%～86.9%、相对标准偏差为克菌丹8.5%～12.9%、灭菌丹5.1%～11.2%、敌菌丹8.7%～13.6%、方法定量限为克菌丹0.005mg/kg、灭菌丹0.003mg/kg、敌菌丹0.01mg/kg。     

食品中敌菌灵残留分析研究进展

敌菌灵具有低毒、内吸性、杀菌谱较广等优点，广泛应用于粮食蔬菜等农作物。但其大量使用后对人、动物和环境产生的危害也日益严重。建立有效、快速、灵敏的敌菌灵杀菌剂痕量残留的检测技术，成为当前研究者关注的课题。对敌菌灵杀菌剂残留的检测方法进行综述，总结了近年来国内外食品中敌菌灵杀菌剂残留的提取与分离新技术方法和现代分析方法。     

气相色谱法测定马铃薯、番茄中克菌丹、灭菌丹、敌菌丹残留量的研究

建立了马铃薯和番茄中克菌丹、灭菌丹和敌菌丹三种农药同时测定的气相色谱检测方法.样品用丙酮提取,经正己烷液液萃取,弗罗里硅土柱净化,以具有电子捕获检测器(ECD)的气相色谱(GC)仪测定.方法在0.01、0,05、0.25mg/kg三个添加水平时的三种农药的平均回收卒在71.9%～116.36%之间,变异系数为3.74%～15.86%;方法定量限为克菌丹0.005mg/kg、灭菌丹0.003mg/kg、敌菌丹0.01mg/kg.     

液相色谱-质谱测定蔬菜、水果中四种保鲜剂的残留量

为了建立HPLC-MS测定蔬菜、水果中保鲜剂多菌灵、噻苯咪唑、甲基硫菌灵、咪鲜胺残留量的方法.用甲醇-盐酸溶液提取试样中的保鲜剂,经固相萃取净化,以反相液相色谱分离、质谱检测器测定.四种保鲜剂的最低检测限分别为:多菌灵1.0μg/kg、噻苯咪唑、咪鲜胺2.0μg/kg、甲基硫菌灵5.0μg/kg.多菌灵回收率为92.8%～103.2%,相对标准偏差为2.27%～4.01%;噻菌灵回收率为90.9%～102.5%,相对标准偏差为2.44%4.17%;甲基硫菌灵回收率为74.9%～99.2%,相对标准偏差为2.97%～4.55%;咪鲜胺回收率为81.9%～97.6%,相对标准偏差为2.64%～4.49%.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测粮谷中10种农药残留

建立了液质联用法同时测定粮谷中异稻瘟净、腈苯唑、嘧菌酯、稻瘟酰胺、环酯草醚、苯噻酰草胺、甲胺磷、肟菌脂、戊唑醇、啶虫脒10种农药残留。样品经乙腈溶液提取,QuEChERS前处理,Waters Acquity UPLC~? BEHC18色谱柱分离,用超高效液相色谱串联质谱系统测定,外标法定量。结果表明10种农药残留在线性范围内线性相关性R2≥0.999 1,检出限在0.08～5.00μg/kg之间,加标回收率在88.0%～100.0%之间,相对标准偏差在1.6%～4.4%之间。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、回收率好,适用于粮谷中多种农药残留的同时检测。     

液质联用法测定桃中三种杀菌剂的含量分布

目的 建立桃皮和肉中多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵和敌菌灵三种杀菌剂的液质联用(LC-MS/MS)测定方法, 研究其在桃中的含量分布。方法 桃皮和肉经分离后, 分别用乙腈均质提取、PSA固相分散净化、C18高压液相色谱柱分离、MS/MS测定; 分别计算皮和肉中三种杀菌剂的含量, 研究三种杀菌剂在两者间的分布状况。结果 方法检测限分别为0.1、0.2、10 μg/kg; 敌菌灵在样品中未检出, 多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵在皮和肉中呈不同的含量分布特性。结论 该方法灵敏度高、准确、操作简单, 可用于桃中三种杀菌剂的含量分布研究。     

谷物及制品中钙测定不确定度评定

根据JJF 1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》技术规范要求,建立了谷物及制品中钙测定不确定度的数学模型,分析了不确定度的主要来源,对该方法所得结果的已识别来源的不确定度影响进行评价。结果表明:该测试方法的不确定度主要来源于重复性产生的不确定度,其他因素如称样量、标准溶液浓度和标准溶液滴定体积产生的不确定度相对比较小。用该法谷物及制品中钙含量是20.04mg/g,扩展不确定度为0.0530mg/g(95%,k=2)。     

Investigation of the herbicide glyphosate and the plant growth regulators chlormequat and mepiquat in cereals produced in Denmark

An LC-MS/MS method for analysing glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in cereals was developed. The method is based on extraction with water and detection of the ions from the fragmentation m/z 170-->88 (glyphosate) and m/z 112-->30 (AMPA), using electrospray interface in the positive mode. Investigation from the harvests of 1998 and 1999 showed residues of glyphosate and/or its degradation product AMPA in more than half of the cereal samples produced in Denmark. The average concentration of glyphosate in 46 samples from the 1999 harvest was 0.11 mg/kg compared with 0.08 mg/kg for the 1998 harvest (n = 49). Thus, the figures were well below the maximum residue limit (MRL) and no violations were observed. The plant growth regulators chlormequat and/or mepiquat were investigated in cereals from the Danish harvest of 1999 where 83% of the samples contained chlormequat (n = 46) compared with 87% of the samples from the 1997 harvest (n = 52). The average concentration of chlormequat in 1999 was 0.32 mg/kg compared with 0.23 mg/kg in 1997. At 2.9 mg/kg, one sample of wheat bran was exceeding the MRL of 2 mg/kg for wheat. The intakes of the pesticides through the diet of cereals were estimated to comprise 0.04% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for glyphosate and 1% of the ADI for chlormequat for an adult Dane.     

Quantitative Determination of Deoxynivalenol (DON) Using the Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay (AlphaLISA)

An indirect competitive Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay (AlphaLISA) was established by using anti-deoxynivalenol (DON) polyclonal antibody and coating antigen DON-bovine serum albumin (BSA) for detection of DON in cereals. DON-BSA was coated on Acceptor bead, the kit also contains donor bead sensitizer particles coated with streptomycin. The optional test conditions and analytical performance of the method were studied. Working concentration ranged from 0.007 to 100 ng/ml and the sensitivity for detection was 0.007 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-batch coefficient of variation (CV) of the assay were both below 5%. The recovery rate of artificially contaminated cereals ranged from 81.1% to 110.9% while the mean recovery of DON from cereals was 94.4%. This study suggests that DON-AlphaLISA method is a good method with high sensitivity and rapidity for quantitative analyzing DON in cereals.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱法测定谷物及油籽中氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸残留量

目的:建立了一种能同时检测谷物和油籽中氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸残留量的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱法。方法:称取样品2.0 g和5.0 g,用0.1%甲酸水-乙腈（1:1,V/V）提取,经N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）、C₁₈、氯化钠、无水硫酸镁等净化后,过0.22 μm滤膜,以0.1% 磷酸水溶液-甲醇-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈（50 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm）色谱柱分离,UPLC分析检测,外标法定量。结果:在0.002~5 μg/mL范围内,氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸的质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,谷物和油籽中的定量限浓度分别为0.01 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg。谷物中氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸加标回收率分别为89.23%~101.12%和87.98%~100.02%,油籽中分别为85.12%~92.34%和82.63%~89.55%,相对标准偏差均为1.1%~3.3%。结论:该方法前处理过程简单,检测过程准确、高效,灵敏度和准确度达到了农残检测的要求,适用于谷物和油籽中氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸的残留检测。     

Residues of DDT and HCH pesticides in rice samples from different geographical regions of India: a multicentre study.

As part of a multicentre study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research, 2000 samples of rice were collected from rural and urban areas of 13 states representing different geographical regions of India. The samples were analyzed for residues of DDT [2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane] and different isomers of HCH [1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, a mixture of isomers] by gas-chromatography. Residues of DDT and HCH, respectively, were detected in about 58 and 73% of the samples analysed. Medians of both DDT and HCH in rice samples were around 0.01 mg kg (-1). Concentrations of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-HCH exceeded a maximum residue limit of 0.05 mg kg (-1) for each isomer in rice fixed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the Indian Government in 4.3, 2.6, 1.7 and 1.2% of the samples, respectively. There is no statutory limit fixed in India for DDT residues in cereals. Its maximum residue limit of 0.1 mg kg (-1) in cereals recommended by Codex was exceeded by about 2% of the samples examined. Estimated intake of DDT and isomers of HCH through consumption of rice contaminated at their median and 90th percentiles constituted a small proportion of their acceptable daily intakes.     

Multi-residue analysis of captan,captafol, folpet,and iprodione in cereals using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

ABSTRACT

In this study, we propose an improved analytical method for the multiresidue analysis of captan (plus its metabolite, tetrahydrophthalimide), folpet (plus its metabolite, phthalimide), captafol, and iprodione in cereals using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). As captan, captafol, and folpet are easily degraded during homogenisation and extraction, samples were comminuted with liquid nitrogen, and both QuEChERS and ethyl acetate-based extraction workflows provided a satisfactory method performance. The optimised LC-MS/MS procedure with electrospray ionisation did not degrade these compounds, and offered sufficient method selectivity by resolving and minimising co-eluting matrix-derived interferences. The method also resolved the problem of non-specific mass spectra that these compounds usually produce on GC-MS analysis involving electron ionisation. The method performance was satisfactory for all 6 compounds at 0.01 mg kg^?1 and higher levels of fortification, and validated as per the SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines of analytical quality control in a wide range of cereals including rice, wheat, sorghum, and corn. The method provides special advantage of simultaneous analysis of captan, and folpet along with their metabolites (tetrahydrophthalimide, and phthalimide, respectively) in combination with captafol, and iprodione in a single chromatographic run. Although iprodione is known to degrade to 3,5-dichloroaniline, since this metabolite is not a part of the residue definition, it was not included in the scope of this method. As the method demonstrates satisfactory selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and robustness in a wide range of cereal matrices, it is recommended for regulatory testing of these compounds in cereals.     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定粮谷中的51 种农药残留

为建立用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪检测进出口粮谷中51 种农药残留的方法,通过考察不同加速溶剂萃取温度和萃取试剂的实验效果,建立了最优加速溶剂萃取条件,分别以高粱和大麦为研究基质,比较了3 种净化方式的净化效果,通过气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪有效解决了粮谷中多农药残留检测的问题,在系统优化的基础上建立了高粱中多种农药残留检测方法,并用大麦和燕麦其他的粮谷基质考察检测方法的适应性,同时对3 个添加水平6 个高粱、大麦、燕麦平行样品分析,该方法的回收率为62.4%～119.7%,相对标准偏差为0.5%～17.3%,检出限为0.03～2.07 μg/kg,方法相关指标均满足检测要求,适用于粮谷中农药残留高通量检测需要。     

溶剂吸收-气质联用法测定蔬菜和粮谷中代森铵残留

目的建立一种测定蔬菜和粮谷中代森铵残留量的溶剂吸收-气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatographymass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用测定法。方法样品在氯化亚锡盐酸溶液中加热反应,生成二硫化碳气体经正己烷吸收,用气质联用仪测定。结果添加代森铵浓度水平为0.03、0.3、0.6mg/kg,平均回收率在75.7%~91.0%,相对标准偏差在4.2%~9.1%,定量限为0.03mg/kg。结论建立的方法灵敏度高,特异性好,为农产品中二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量监测提供又一可靠的测定方法选择。     

Determination of fumigants in cereals and cereal products by capillary gas chromatography

This study describes two methods for the quantitative determination of the residual fumigants ethylene dichloride (EDC), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), trichloroethylene (TCE), ethylene dibromide (EDB) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in cereals (especially wheat) and other foodstuffs. In the first method, a micro steam distillation- solvent extraction apparatus is used, while the second method is based on a headspace technique. For the quantitative determination of carbon tetrachloride in cereals, the multiple headspace technique is not retained because it is too time-consuming. The analysis of the different fumigants is performed by electron-capture gas chromatography, using a fused silica capillary column, CP sil 8 CB. With the steam distillation-solvent extraction method, recoveries from 95.9% to 100.5% are obtained for the fumigants, added at two different levels. The standard deviation varies between 1.1% and 6%. Using the simple headspace technique, recoveries from 73.5% to 85.1% with a standard deviation of between 1.7% and 6.6% have been reached for the fumigants in cereals fortified at two different levels. The absolute detection limits for the five fumigants EDC, CCl4, TCE, EDB and PCE, in both methods, are 30, 0.25, 1.1, and 0.5 pg, respectively.