关于革除滥食野生动物陋习决定的解读

为了预防公共卫生风险、保护生态环境,全国人大常委会于2020年2月通过了《关于全面禁止非法野生动物交易、革除滥食野生动物陋习、切实保障人民群众生命健康安全的决定》(以下简称《决定》)。《决定》通过黑名单和白名单明确了禁食野生动物范围和可食动物范围、人工繁育的特殊情形,从猎捕、交易、运输、食用环节全过程开展监管和协调执法。本文深入剖析了《决定》出台的意义和目的、《决定》的主要内容和亮点,并提出了贯彻落实《决定》的措施建议。建议科学制定国家级畜禽遗传资源保护名录和国家水产品遗传资源保护名录;建立全国统一的执法信息平台和违法举报平台,建立执法考核制度和问责办法;持续提供相应保障;加强国际合作和公众参与。     

2003年“福特汽车环保奖”新亮点 特设“福特百年特别奖”——关注野生动物保护

今年春季那场突如其来的灾害,使人们开始深刻认识到保护野生动物、人与自然和谐相处的重要性。近日,记者从福特汽车(中国)有限公司获悉:连续4年在中国举办的“福特汽车环保奖”,今年又新增了“福特百年特别奖”——野生动物保护,旨在特别关注那些为保护野生动物及其栖息环境,尤其是针对阻止非法捕猎、买卖以及滥杀野生动物所作的工作和努力。2003年的“福特汽车环保奖”自6月16日在北京启动后,目前已进入接收项目申请表的阶段。这一阶段将一直持续到9月30日为止。所有关心和热衷环保事业,并已取得阶段性成绩的个人、团体、政府机构等均可参加评选。     

略谈生态文明保护视野下的《野生动物保护法》修改

制定于计划经济时期的《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》已远远落后于野生动物保护和建设生态文明的现实需求,对其进行修改已是箭在弦上。此次修法,应就这部法律的规范范围进行合理界定,科学与客观地处理保护与利用的关系．通过具体明确的法律制度体现立法的目的,对各方主体的职责内容予以细化,确立周密的责任追究机制,总结执法实践填补责任漏洞。应开门立法,广纳建议,提高立法的科学性、可行性与可接受性。     

完善法律规制,培育环境友好型食文化

在人口总量少、生产不发达、物质不丰富的时代,"山珍野味"进入食文化有其必然性。而现代社会,随着人口增长、开发面积扩大,一些区域的生态环境不断恶化,保护野生动物、维护生态平衡,变得刻不容缓。当前我国正在建设生态文明,野生动物保护工作得到了更多重视,但现行《野生动物保护法》等法律的一些制度和规定,已不能适应当前客观需要。为此,我们应进一步完善相关法律,让禁食野生动物成为新风尚,让环境友好型食文化在生态文明建设时代植根、开花、结果。     

环境时事

正我国乱捕滥猎滥食野生动物现象仍存在6日,"和谐生态自然精灵——珍稀野生动植物摄影作品暨打击野生动植物非法贸易查没实物巡回展"在北京开展。美国国务院助理国务卿嘉伯、中国国家林业局副局长陈凤学出席,陈凤学指出,我国局部地区乱捕滥猎滥食野生动物、乱挖滥采野生植物仍然存在,全球野生动植物非法贸易还很严重。打击野生动植物非法贸易是一项长期而艰巨的使     

国际资讯

美呼吁抵制野生动物非法交易美国国务院官员和动物保护组织日前召开新闻发布会,呼吁公众提高对抗野生动物非法交易的意识,停止购买野生动物及其器官。据悉,老虎、大象、鲨鱼和海龟等动物被非法偷猎并作为食品、装饰物等出售,野生动物非法交易的金额每年高达100亿美元。发布会指     

30秒广告唤醒10亿环保心

他能不花一分钱就调动起世界上最著名的体育和演艺明星、世界上最大的广告公司和最著名的电视台共同来帮他做一件事,他也能为某种野生动物一下拿出上千万用于保护行动。他,就是国际野生救援协会(WildAid)发起人之一,现任协会主席的史帝文(steveTrent)。国际野生救援协会是一个致力于野生动物保护的全球性公益组织,总部设在美国。从1997年起,国际著名影星成龙先生     

看环保

我们承诺:保护湿地,不食野生动物。 2004年元旦期间,湖南岳阳市八中和岳师附小率先开展湿地保护宣传。他们在城区和东洞庭湖保护区腹地,走街串巷,进村入户、深入田间地头,向市民公众、宾馆饭店、村民渔户发送湿地宣传资料和禁食野生动物倡议书,还组织观鸟活动。     

我国西北干旱区野生脊椎动物保护与利用

前言我国西北干旱地区的野生动物区系属古北介,以蒙新区所占而积最大,也包括华北区和青藏区的一部分。在历史上,该地区的野生动物在人类进化及以后人类的经济、文化生活中曾起了重要作用。由于近代人类活动的影响,它们的种群数量不断减少,有的濒于绝灭或已经绝灭,因此,保护野生动物的重担,已历史地落在我们身上。保护野生动物的最终日的,还是要为人类服务,本文仅就该地区野生动物保护现状和未来利用前景加以探讨,并从经济角     

热衷保护野生动物的威廉王子

<正>随着国家主席习近平对英国进行国事访问,中英之间的文化交流也骤然升温。这其中最让中国人印象深刻的是,10月24日,在第一次受邀参与录制的央视《开讲啦》"英国行"特别节目中,这位温文尔雅的王子宣传保护野生动物,呼吁打击非法野生动物交易。     

Hunting for a Living: Wildlife Trade,Rural Livelihoods and Declining Wildlife in the Hkakaborazi National Park,North Myanmar

Hunting is a threat to wildlife within the Hkakaborazi National Park in north Myanmar. We used questionnaire surveys to obtain data on variables such as commonly targeted species, prices of traded wildlife, reasons for hunting and the relative importance of livelihood sources. We examine (a) the significance of hunting and trade for livelihoods and explore (b) the impacts of hunting on targeted species. Ninety per cent of trade records (n = 803) was constituted by seven species commonly targeted by hunters (serow, red goral, muntjac, bear, Assamese macaque, black musk deer and takin). Commercially valuable species previously targeted by hunters (tiger, otter, pangolin) appear to be completely absent from current harvest records and potentially in decline. Although farming is the predominant occupation, hunting (driven by trade) represents a significantly higher source of income than other livelihood activities. Management recommendations include increased investment in enforcement, education and outreach, small livestock development, improved crop productivity, demarcation of no-take areas for wildlife and biological monitoring of targeted species.     

Hunting, Livelihoods and Declining Wildlife in the Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, North Myanmar

The Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, North Myanmar and three contiguous protected areas, comprise some of the largest expanses of natural forest remaining in the region. Demand for wildlife products has resulted in unsustainable exploitation of commercially valuable species resulting in local extirpation of vulnerable species. Camera trap, track and sign, and questionnaire-based surveys were used to examine (a) wildlife species targeted by hunters, (b) the importance of wild meat for household consumption, and (c) the significance of hunting as a livelihood activity for resident villages. Certain commercially valuable species highly preferred by hunters were either completely absent from hunt records (tiger, musk deer and otter) or infrequently obtained during actual hunts (bear, pangolin). Species obtained by hunters were commonly occurring species such as muntjacs with low commercial value and not highly preferred by hunters. Fifty eight percent of respondents (n = 84) indicated trade, 27% listed subsistence use and 14% listed human-wildlife conflict as the main reason for hunting (n = 84). Average amount of wild meat consumed per month is not significantly higher during the hunting season compared to the planting season (paired t-test, P > 0.05). Throughout the year, the average amount of fish consumed per month was higher than livestock or wild meat (Friedman test, P < 0.0001). Hunting is driven largely by trade and wild meat, while not a critical source of food for a large number of families could potentially be an important, indirect source of access to food for hunting families. Findings and trends from this study are potentially useful in helping design effective conservation strategies to address globally prevalent problems of declining wildlife populations and dependent human communities. The study provides recommendations to reduce illegal hunting and protect vulnerable species by strengthening park management through enforcement, increasing the opportunity costs of poaching, establishing no-take zones and research to determine the economic significance of hunting for livelihoods.     

水行政执法中违法建筑的探究与化解路径

强化水行政执法制度建设,推进河道违建专项整治旨在恢复水生态环境、促进水生态文明建设。河道违法建筑作为一种“顽疾”,破坏水生态环境、影响防洪排涝,存在严重的安全隐患。通过完善涉水法律法规,以河长办与政府部门协调联动执法为主,提升水行政执法人员执法水平与加大法治教育宣传力度为辅,确立司法强制为保障的多元方式,妥善地处理违法建筑,恢复和保护水生态环境。     

生态文明下的环境法制

生态文明建设的进程受到诸多因素的制约,如生态环境意识、环境立法、行政执法和司法缺陷、法律政策等,同时生态文明建设中面临诸多的难题,如公众参与、生态补偿、环境责任及环境纠纷等,应通过完善立法、执法及司法建设,以及完善公众参与机制、生态补偿机制、环境公益诉讼制度等保障机制来解决这些问题。本文首先通过比较分析生态文明与环境法制的关系,结合我国生态法制建设困境,提出了完善生态文明建设的一系列的环境法治保障措施,即从立法、执法、司法角度,从而实现科学发展观,构建和谐社会,最终实现环境—社会—经济协调发展的任务。     

Wildlife conservation in India

Indian wildlife has been neglected and if India is to save its vanishing heritage, active endeavours are essential for conserving the Indian forests. Laws exist to protect the wildlife from slaughter and to regulate hunting, but unfortunately, the legal measures do not fully serve the desired purpose. The destruction deplorably continues, at times, at an alarming rate. The depletion of the wildlife can be attributed largely to deforestation and inroads of human civilization into the forest areas and, the destruction of the forest automatically leads to the decline of the wildlife. Illicit axing of India's magnificent forests continues unchecked. A number of important and immediate actions are recommended.     

试述《野生动物保护法》的修改

《野生动物保护法》施行三十余年,对于促进野生动物保护起着至关重要的作用.然而,在新冠肺炎疫情的冲击下,其中的部分内容显露出不足,全国人大常委会出台的《决定》可以应一时之急,但最根本的办法是对《野生动物保护法》进行修改.通过对现行法律的考察,检视《野生动物保护法》在立法理念、监管职能以及法律责任等方面存在的问题,并提出相...     

注重提高技术监管水平--做好环保现场监察工作

环境监察作为开展环境保护工作的一种主要执法手段,在确定排污单位是否达标排放、治污设施是否正常运转时,不能简单地依据污染治理设施排放情况做出结论,而应注重运用技术手段开展全过程监察。要做好新时期的环保监察工作,确保环境安全、改善环境质量、服务科学发展,仅靠工作激情、完善规章制度、明确科室职责是不够的,执法人员技术监管能力的高低直接影响环境违法行为的查处等监察工作的开展,为杜绝业务不熟悉、执法技能低和被疑受罚的现象发生,环保部门在完善内控机制与强化执法监督的同时,应注重培训执法人员技术监管水平,提高监察技能,充分运用技术手段开展环境执法监察工作,对及时发现和查处环境违法行为至关重要。     

从损害控制到风险预防：野生动物保护公益诉讼的优化进路

当前野生动物保护公益诉讼主要呈现损害控制型司法模式的特性，该模式以刑事附带民事公益诉讼为常规渠道，救济对象是既成公益损害，救济方式是损害赔偿、修复及专项整治。诉讼方式谦抑性、因果关系推定规则以及案件线索发现机制事后性，为此模式的合理运行提供了理据。本文运用风险预防原则的理论框架，认为野生动物保护公益诉讼的救济客体不应局限于生态环境损害，公共卫生安全的风险预防等关联性客体也应纳入其中，而损害控制模式这种事后治理方法存在短板。基于此，应将公益诉讼的视角回溯至事前，大力倡导风险预防型司法模式。风险预防模式与损害控制模式属于二元协同关系，前者对后者发挥补强与优化功能。根据风险预防模式的救济观，可探索野生动物保护的预防性行政公益诉讼制度，并全方位构建程序规则，以实现公益诉讼的前瞻性价值。     

Wildlife conservation in Nigeria: Problems and strategies

Summary This paper draws the attention to the major threats to nature conservation in Nigeria, and reviews critically the measures adopted for the protection of wildlife. The major problems include habitat degradation (through uncontrolled logging, agricultural projects, industrial plantations, highway and urban development, and exploitation for fuelwood), over-hunting and poachingSteps taken so far to protect wildlife include the creation of one national park and eighteen game reserves, enactment of wildlife laws, signing of international treaties, and manpower development. These measures have however failed to produce the desired effect owing largely to public apathy, low level of funding, inadequate game laws and weak enforcement of existing legal provisions.It is suggested that the Federal Government should intervene more positively in favour of conservation by creating more national parks and assuming joint responsibility with the states for formulating wildlife laws. Furthermore, the role of non-governmental organizations in influencing conservation policies and mobilizing public opinion will be crucial in the difficult years ahead.Dr. P. A. Anadu, although recently on secondment to the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK; is currently on the staff of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife in the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Benin.     

环境行政执法存在的问题及应对措施

环境保护执法不到位、行政不作为、执法难、执法软等现象，不仅损害了环境法律的严肃性和环保部门的形象，在一定程度上纵容了环境违法行为，地方保护主义等因素的存在，又使环境执法难成为各地的普遍存在的问题。因此环保部门应尽快制定措施，完善法规、健全机制、强化执法力量、加大宣传力度。