Style enhanced line drawings based on multi-feature

Line drawing is a means of superior visual communication, which is made up of lines. Artists usually show their unique styles while creating a line drawing. However, traditional methods can not effectively simulate this free-hand style of artists. Though the data-driven method can generate abundant styles, it is complex and time-consuming. To this end, a new style enhanced line drawing method was proposed. First, lines in images were extracted based on edge detection and edge tracking methods. Then, the global drawing features were simulated, including length measurement, overlap measurement and offset measurement. Finally, the local drawing features that contain width measurement, sharpness measurement and depth measurement were simulated. The results showed that our method can generate stylized line drawings that are more similar to free-hand drawings of artists than the state-of-the-art methods.

     

Supporting the creative drive: investigating paralinguistic voice as a mode of interaction for artists with upper limb disabilities

For people with upper limb disabilities visual art is an important activity that allows for expression of individuality and independence. They show remarkable endurance, patience and determination to adapt their remaining capabilities to create visual art. There are significant advantages of digital technologies in assisting artists with upper limb disabilities. Paralinguistic voice recognition technologies have proven to be a particularly promising mode of interaction. Despite these benefits, technological support for people with upper limb disabilities to create visual art is scarce. This paper reports on a number of case studies of several artists with upper limb disabilities. These case studies illustrate the struggles they face to be creative and also show the significant advantages of digital technologies in assisting such artists. An investigation into people’s ability to use the volume of their voice to control cursor movement to create drawings on the screen is also reported. With motivation, training and practise, use of volume to control drawing tasks shows great promise. It is believed that paralinguistic voice has wider implications beyond assisting artists with upper limb disabilities, such as: an alternative mode of interaction for disabled people to perform tasks other than creating visual art, alternative mode of interaction for hands busy environments and as a voice training system for people with speech impairments.     

整合概念设计与详细设计过程的笔式CAD系统研究

目前存在的CAD系统由于交互方式不自然,交互效率低,缺乏对概念设计中模糊信息的支持,中断了设计信息流,导致概念设计与后续设计过程断裂,增加了设计周期和工作量。针对当前CAD系统的不足,提出对于支持概念设计的笔式CAD系统的研究,并探讨实现这样一个系统的问题及解决。其目的在于通过高效地使用当前的手势识别和草图识别技术,支持用户从开始的模糊意图所产生的随手笔画,到最后进行精确定位和绘制,使概念设计与详细设计过程整合,减少工作量和缩短设计周期。     

Stochastic models for recognition of occluded targets

Recognition of occluded objects in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is a significant problem for automatic target recognition. Stochastic models provide some attractive features for pattern matching and recognition under partial occlusion and noise. In this paper, we present a hidden Markov modeling based approach for recognizing objects in SAR images. We identify the peculiar characteristics of SAR sensors and using these characteristics we develop feature based multiple models for a given SAR image of an object. The models exploiting the relative geometry of feature locations or the amplitude of SAR radar return are based on sequentialization of scattering centers extracted from SAR images. In order to improve performance we integrate these models synergistically using their probabilistic estimates for recognition of a particular target at a specific azimuth. Experimental results are presented using both synthetic and real SAR images.     

Examining the significance of high-level programming features in source code author classification

The use of Source Code Author Profiles (SCAP) represents a new, highly accurate approach to source code authorship identification that is, unlike previous methods, language independent. While accuracy is clearly a crucial requirement of any author identification method, in cases of litigation regarding authorship, plagiarism, and so on, there is also a need to know why it is claimed that a piece of code is written by a particular author. What is it about that piece of code that suggests a particular author? What features in the code make one author more likely than another? In this study, we describe a means of identifying the high-level features that contribute to source code authorship identification using as a tool the SCAP method. A variety of features are considered for Java and Common Lisp and the importance of each feature in determining authorship is measured through a sequence of experiments in which we remove one feature at a time. The results show that, for these programs, comments, layout features and package-related naming influence classification accuracy whereas user-defined naming, an obvious programmer related feature, does not appear to influence accuracy. A comparison is also made between the relative feature contributions in programs written in the two languages.     

手绘草图实时处理方法研究

徒手草绘作为一种简便、自然、高效的人机交互方式,在计算机辅助设计领域越来越受到人们的重视。本文主要针对草绘设计与图形识别的行为过程进行了一系列较为广泛的研究,以便将用户的草绘习惯、识别能力与现有的CAD技术紧密结合起来,开发出新一代的智能CAD产品。具体包括草图前处理、特征点的检测、笔划分段、图元识别、图元重构、图元规整、端点校正等内容。实验表明所提出的方法能得到较好的识别结果。     

手绘草图实时处理方法研究

徒手草绘作为一种简便、自然、高效的人机交互方式，在计算机辅助设计领域越来越受到人们的重视。本文主要针对草绘设计与图形识别的行为过程进行了一系列较为广泛的研究，以便将用户的草绘习惯、识别能力与现有的CAD技术紧密结合起来，开发出新一代的智能CAD产品。具体包括草图前处理、特征点的检测、笔划分段、图元识别、图元重构、图元规整、端点校正等内容。实验表明所提出的方法能得到较好的识别结果。     

谈米勒艺术的真实

19世纪法国画家米勒是位杰出的写实主义者,他艺术中感人至深的是他对农村生活、对农民大众辛勤劳动的尊重与赞美。他的艺术如实地表现了当时法国农村的真实面貌,同时也表达了他内心的真实感受,两者都是值得现代艺术家学习和借鉴的宝贵财富。     

Modeling (seemingly) impossible models

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in computer graphics and geometric modeling in the ability to create and manipulate seemingly impossible models (SIMs). Methods to create derivative work and modify drawings and paintings of SIMs made by artists were suggested. Similarly, 3D realization of SIMs of some of these drawings were also offered.In this work, we further explore the nature of SIMs and identify a class of SIMs that can be realized and modeled in 3D. As part of this analysis we show an invariance whose preservation allows one to model SIM artifacts that are completely realizable. We further present a mini-modeling package that allow end-users to realize whole new SIMs in two stages: modeling a regular 3D model and then converting it into a SIM using special deformations. We conclude with some examples, a discussion on the current limitations and a layout of possible future work.     

Colorization of Line Drawings with Empty Pupils

Many studies have recently applied deep learning to the automatic colorization of line drawings. However, it is difficult to paint empty pupils using existing methods because the convolutional neural network are trained with pupils that have edges, which are generated from color images using image processing. Most actual line drawings have empty pupils that artists must paint in. In this paper, we propose a novel network model that transfers the pupil details in a reference color image to input line drawings with empty pupils. We also propose a method for accurately and automatically colorizing eyes. In this method, eye patches are extracted from a reference color image and automatically added to an input line drawing as color hints using our pupil position estimation network.     

Artists portray human faces with the Fourier statistics of complex natural scenes

When artists portray human faces, they generally endow their portraits with properties that render the faces esthetically more pleasing. To obtain insight into the changes introduced by artists, we compared Fourier power spectra in photographs of faces and in portraits by artists. Our analysis was restricted to a large set of monochrome or lightly colored portraits from various Western cultures and revealed a paradoxical result. Although face photographs are not scale-invariant, artists draw human faces with statistical properties that deviate from the face photographs and approximate the scale-invariant, fractal-like properties of complex natural scenes. This result cannot be explained by systematic differences in the complexity of patterns surrounding the faces or by reproduction artifacts. In particular, a moderate change in gamma gradation has little influence on the results. Moreover, the scale-invariant rendering of faces in artists' portraits was found to be independent of cultural variables, such as century of origin or artistic techniques. We suggest that artists have implicit knowledge of image statistics and prefer natural scene statistics (or some other rules associated with them) in their creations. Fractal-like statistics have been demonstrated previously in other forms of visual art and may be a general attribute of esthetic visual stimuli.     

手绘图风格的三维模型线条渲染

现有的三维模型线条渲染方法,由于模型是网格结构,渲染得到线条图由大量的小线段组成,导致图形中有许多明显的棱角和孤立线段.提出了一种新的手绘图风格的三维模型线条渲染方法,将观察到的三维模型转化成简洁、自然的线条图.算法首先采用Suggestive Contours方法得到模型的特征线段集,通过分析线段的空间信息,将小线段连接成若干长线条,并用三次B样条曲线插值这些线条,然后引入B样条小波对线条进行简化.实验结果表明,本文的方法可以很好地连接这些线段集,得到平滑、简洁的手绘风格模型线条图.     

Modeling and Rendering Escher-Like Impossible Scenes

Inspired by the drawings of "impossible" objects by artists such as M.C. Escher, we describe a mathematical theory which captures some of the underlying principles of their work. Using this theory, we show how impossible three-dimensional scenes may be modeled and rendered synthetically.     

Aesthetic considerations unique to interactive multimedia

Using early multimedia art pieces often resembled reading paragraphs ripped out of Shakespeare and handed to you at random. The mistakes in plot and composition made by beginning writers and artists can find new power to convey incoherence when automated by a computer. What are the compositional issues? How about basic hypermedia structures and their aesthetic effects? What should be random, and what must be deterministic, if you wish to be more artist than noise generator? We address some of the issues based on our own experience as multimedia artists     

面向SAR目标识别的深度卷积神经网络结构设计

目的 针对用于SAR （synthetic aperture radar） 目标识别的深度卷积神经网络模型结构的优化设计难题,在分析卷积核宽度对分类性能影响基础上,设计了一种适用于SAR目标识别的深度卷积神经网络结构。方法 首先基于二维随机卷积特征和具有单个隐层的神经网络模型-超限学习机分析了卷积核宽度对SAR图像目标分类性能的影响;然后,基于上述分析结果,在实现空间特征提取的卷积层中采用多个具有不同宽度的卷积核提取目标的多尺度局部特征,设计了一种适用于SAR图像目标识别的深度模型结构;最后,在对MSTAR （moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition） 数据集中的训练样本进行样本扩充基础上,设定了深度模型训练的超参数,进行了深度模型参数训练与分类性能验证。结果 实验结果表明,对于具有较强相干斑噪声的SAR图像而言,采用宽度更大的卷积核能够提取目标的局部特征,提出的模型因能从输入图像提取目标的多尺度局部特征,对于10类目标的分类结果（包含非变形目标和变形目标两种情况）接近或优于已知文献的最优分类结果,目标总体分类精度分别达到了98.39%和97.69%,验证了提出模型结构的有效性。结论 对于SAR图像目标识别,由于与可见光图像具有不同的成像机理,应采用更大的卷积核来提取目标的空间特征用于分类,通过对深度模型进行优化设计能够提高SAR图像目标识别的精度。     

观念传达与语言运用——当代艺术案例分析

中国当代艺术特别是架上绘画在经历了一定时期的发展之后,越来越具有魅力了。不管是创作形式还是在观念传达上都更加成熟。本文通过对中国当代几位代表艺术家的作品进行分析,来阐释中国当代艺术家是如何将观念传达,并使用艺术家独特的语言提升作品独特魅力。     

Music Information Retrieval Using Social Tags and Audio

In this paper we describe a novel approach to applying text-based information retrieval techniques to music collections. We represent tracks with a joint vocabulary consisting of both conventional words, drawn from social tags, and audio muswords, representing characteristics of automatically-identified regions of interest within the signal. We build vector space and latent aspect models indexing words and muswords for a collection of tracks, and show experimentally that retrieval with these models is extremely well-behaved. We find in particular that retrieval performance remains good for tracks by artists unseen by our models in training, and even if tags for their tracks are extremely sparse.      

Line‐Drawing Video Stylization

We present a method to automatically convert videos and CG animations to stylized animated line drawings. Using a data‐driven approach, the animated drawings can follow the sketching style of a specific artist. Given an input video, we first extract edges from the video frames and vectorize them to curves. The curves are matched to strokes from an artist's library, while following the artist's stroke distribution and characteristics. The key challenge in this process is to match the large number of curves in the frames over time, despite topological and geometric changes, allowing to maintain temporal coherence in the output animation. We solve this problem using constrained optimization to build correspondences between tracked points and create smooth sheets over time. These sheets are then replaced with strokes from the artist's database to render the final animation. We evaluate our tracking algorithm on various examples and show stylized animation results based on various artists.     

线状图形矢量化中的行段分析与后处理

针对目前工程图纸识别中存在的几项难点技术,提出基于行程编码的矢量化方法, 对小弯度直线的纠正问题、特征线段的延伸与合并算法进行了研究.同时使用图像局部形态 分析的方法,直接在原图像上进行识别,保证了图像信息的完整性和可检测性.该项研究结果 在建筑工程图纸的自动识别及自动计算中得到了较好的应用.     

Finding perceptually closed paths in sketches and drawings

Closed or nearly closed regions are an important form of perceptual structure arising both in natural imagery and in many forms of human-created imagery including sketches, line art, graphics, and formal drawings. We present an effective algorithm especially suited for finding perceptually salient, compact closed region structure in hand-drawn sketches and line art. We start with a graph of curvilinear fragments whose proximal endpoints form junctions. The key problem is to manage the search of possible path continuations through junctions in an effort to find paths satisfying global criteria for closure and figural salience. We identify constraints particular to this domain for ranking path continuations through junctions, based on observations of the ways that junctions arise in line drawings. In particular, we delineate the roles of the principle of good continuation versus maximally turning paths. Best-first bidirectional search checks for the cleanest, most obvious paths first, then reverts to more exhaustive search to find paths cluttered by blind alleys. Results are demonstrated on line drawings from several sources including line art, engineering drawings, sketches on whiteboards, as well as contours from photographic imagery.