卷土重来的美国纺织投资热

新年伊始,日本东丽株式会社宣布,将向美国南卡州投资10亿美元,开发新型碳纤维材料.截至今日,成百亿上千亿的资金引发了美国纺织投资热.美国纺织权威比尔＆#183;史密斯先生深感诧异.他说,美国固然是世界上最大的纺织品贸易市场,又何以引发大量亚洲公司蜂拥而入？     

Expert judgment assessment of the mortality impact of changes in ambient fine particulate matter in the U.S

In this paper, we present findings from a multiyear expert judgment study that comprehensively characterizes uncertainty in estimates of mortality reductions associated with decreases in fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in the U.S. Appropriate characterization of uncertainty is critical because mortality-related benefits represent up to 90% of the monetized benefits reported in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) analyses of proposed air regulations. Numerous epidemiological and toxicological studies have evaluated the PM(2.5)-mortality association and investigated issues that may contribute to uncertainty in the concentration-response (C-R) function, such as exposure misclassification and potential confounding from other pollutant exposures. EPA's current uncertainty analysis methods rely largely on standard errors in published studies. However, no one study can capture the full suite of issues that arise in quantifying the C-R relationship. Therefore, EPA has applied state-of-the-art expert judgment elicitation techniques to develop probabilistic uncertainty distributions that reflect the broader array of uncertainties in the C-R relationship. These distributions, elicited from 12 of the world's leading experts on this issue, suggest both potentially larger central estimates of mortality reductions for decreases in long-term PM(2.5) exposure in the U.S. and a wider distribution of uncertainty than currently employed in EPA analyses.     

蜜汁山药

随着媒体与政府将关注点集中摆在肥胖症与健康议题上,某些人认为糖果工厂所蒙上的阴影更胜于巧克力工厂.但是美国人并不能、也并不会就此将糖果隔绝于生活之外.     

美国大豆食品

大豆是一种重要的农产品，近年来，其产量在美国和全世界都稳定增长。它具有很高的营养价值，其蛋白质和脂肪的含量很高，而且质量也很好。大豆还含有许多微量成分，其健康价值也是独一无二的。总体上讲，美国市场上的大豆食品可分为六个主要部分：豆油、传统大豆食品、大豆蛋白制品中，新一代大豆食品、大豆强化食品和功能性大豆成分。由于意识到了大豆食品的市场潜力，越来越多的大豆食品生产厂家和大豆的相关产品出现了，大豆食品有望成为21世纪世界上最普遍流行的食品。     

美国的食品包装法规

<正> 食品与包装的卫生及安全性,历来备受世界各国重视。美国对食品与包装的立法管理甚为严密,本文将剖析其食品与包装法规体系,综述美国FDA和美国农业部等有关食品包装法规的制订和操作执行情况。     

Characteristics of U.S. waterpipe users: a preliminary report.

Waterpipe smoking, a traditional method of tobacco use, has experienced a resurgence in the Middle East and Indian subcontinent in recent years. Despite growing evidence of its dependence potential and health-damaging effects, waterpipe use has spread beyond these regions to many other countries, including the United States. Because little is known about waterpipe use in the United States, we surveyed convenience samples of users from two U.S. cities, Richmond, Virginia (n = 109), and Memphis, Tennessee (n = 34). Respondents in both cities were primarily young adults, a majority (75%) were men, and most were college students or had a college degree. Initial and current use usually occurred in a social context, with a group of friends in a cafe or restaurant or at home. Most respondents had smoked waterpipe for 2 or fewer years, and 67% currently smoked at least once a month (22% smoked at least once per week and 10% smoked daily). Most believed waterpipe use to be less addictive and harmful than cigarette smoking, believed they could quit use at any time, but had no plans or desire to quit. A majority of respondents used other tobacco products such as cigarettes, and 35% of those who did not smoke cigarettes said they would "probably" or "definitely" smoke one in the next year. Multivariate correlates of greater frequency of use included younger age at first use, ownership of a waterpipe, use occurring primarily with groups of friends, and the perception of being "hooked." Waterpipe users in these two convenience samples from the United States were young and educated, tended to experiment with multiple forms of tobacco, were unaware of the potentially harmful and addictive properties of waterpipe use, and planned to continue use in the future. Educational efforts are needed to increase awareness of the potential hazards of this increasingly popular form of tobacco use.     

美国乳清在烘焙食品中的应用

<正> 乳清配料应用于焙烤工业已有几十年。早期,甜乳清是唯一的商业用乳清产品,它能为多种烘焙产品带来益处,如产生褐变、带来柔软的质构并节约成本。如今,随着多种乳清配料的功能性不断被开发和改良,它们在焙烤中的益处也被极大地发挥,为烘焙产品带来了诸多新的发展机遇。     

美国乳清蛋白在即饮饮料中的应用

乳清在乳制品加工中的应用前景非常广阔,本刊特邀美国乳品出口协会合作开辟专栏,就乳清在食品中应用的最新资讯进行专题系列报道。     

美国乳清配料在营养棒和营养凝胶中的应用

<正> 营养糖果市场以每年两位数的速度增长,产品多样化使得此类产品发展迅猛并牵动人心。产品多样化涉及诸多方面,包括产品形式、产品和配料的健康益处。最近的增长多集中在添加高含量蛋白质(包括乳清蛋白在内)的营养棒、营养凝胶和涂抹类产品。这些产品不仅可以为普通消费者和休闲食品消费者提供独特的营养益处,也可以满足特定的健康、能量或运动食品的需求。本专论阐述了营养糖果产品,包括营养棒及其涂层、能量凝     

2006年美国葡萄酒出口飙升

2006年美国葡萄酒出口总量为40.45万吨,出口值为8.76亿美元,其中95%产自加州。同2005年相比,出口量增加4%,而出口值则跃升了30%。其中超过一半的出口酒销往欧洲,出口值比2005年上升了48%,而出口到加拿大的总值则增长了29%。