抗结核固定剂量复合制剂的抗结核活性研究

目的对不同配方的抗结核固定剂量复合制剂的体内外抗结核活性进行研究并对其抗结核作用进行评估。方法体外活性用2倍稀释法检测最低抑菌浓度(MIC),体内活性以半数动物存活时间为指标观察药物对实验性结核病的疗效。结果2药或3药复合中的各药物对结核分枝杆菌H₃₇Rv、牛型结核杆菌(Ravenal)和草分枝结核杆菌(M.phlei)的MIC绝大多数都低于药物单独应用时的MIC;体内抗结核作用显示,2药复合和3药复合及其复合制剂对实验性结核病均表现出显著的治疗作用,并明显优于各配方中相应药物单独应用时的作用。结论2药复合和3药复合及其制剂在体内外均具有显著抗结核作用,且不同厂家的同一产品的抗结核作用未见显著差异。     

抗结核药固定剂量复合剂的抗结核活性研究

目的对不同配方的抗结核药固定剂量复合剂的体内外抗结核药效进行评估。方法体外活性用二倍稀释法检测最低抑菌浓度（MIC），体内活性以半数动物存活时间为指标观察药物对实验性结核病的疗效。结果①二药或三药复方中的各药物对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv、牛型结核杆菌（Ravenal）草分枝结核杆菌（M．phlei）的MIC绝大多数都低于药物单独应用时的MIC；②体内抗结核作用显示，二药复方和三药复方及其复方制剂对实验性结核病均表现卅显著的治疗作用并明显优于各配方中相应药物单独应用时的作用。结论抗结核药二药复方和三药固定剂量复合剂在体内外均具有显著抗结核作用。且不同厂家的同一产品的抗结核作用未见显著差异。     

国产抗结核固定剂量复合剂的药效学和药代动力学研究

目的 研究国产固定剂量复合剂的药效学和药代动力学，评价其抗结核作用及产品质量。方法 采用二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC），以半数动物存活时间为指标比较药物对实验性结核病的疗效。高效液相色谱法测定健康志愿者口服同剂量国产及进口三药复方片剂（卫非特）的血药浓度，求出各组分的主要药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度，并用双单侧t检验分析药物等效性。结果 复方制剂各成分对结核分枝杆菌的MIC均低于单独应用时各自的MIC；对小鼠试验性结核病均显著优于三者相应剂量单独应用的效果，与国外相应产品卫非特比较未见显著性；国产与进口片剂的主要药代动力学参数t1/2、Cmax、AUC、tmax未见显著性差异，相对生物利用度生物等效性检验合格。结论 三药复方的抗结核作用具有协同作用；国产与进口片剂为等效制剂。     

国产抗结核固定剂量复合剂的药效学和药代动力学研究

目的 研究国产固定剂量复合剂的药效学和药代动力学，评价其抗结核作用及产品质量。方法 采用二倍稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度MIC，以半数动物存活时间为指标比较药物对实验性结核病的疗效。高效液相色谱法测定健康志愿者口服同剂量国产及进口三药复方片剂（卫非特）的血药浓度，求出各组分的主要药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度，并用双单侧t检验分析药物等效性。结果 复方制剂各成分对结核分支杆菌的MIC均低于单独应用时各自的MIC；对小鼠试验性结核病均显著优于三者相应剂量单独应用的效果，与国外相应产品卫非特比较未见显著性差异；国产与进口片剂的主要药代力动学参数t1/2,Cmax,AUC,tmax未见显著性差异，相对生物利用度生物等效性检验合格。结论 三药复方固定剂量复合剂的抗结核作用具有协同作用，国产与进口固定剂量复合剂为等效制剂。     

氯法齐明与其他抗结核药物联用对结核分枝杆菌的作用研究

目的研究氯法齐明（Clofazimine,Cfz）与其它抗结核药物联合应用对结核分枝杆菌的体内外抗菌活性,为临床合理应用提供依据。方法应用微孔板指示剂法测定10种抗结核药物单独及与氯法齐明联合时对标准结核分枝杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,按照部分抑制浓度（Fractional Inhibitory Concentrations FIC）公式计算,评价Cfz是否与其他抗结核药物之间存在协同作用。BALB／c小鼠尾静脉注射法感染耐药结核分枝杆菌临床株,形成耐药结核病动物模型。分别应用克拉霉素（clarithromycin,Clr）、莫西沙星（Moxifloxacin,Mfx）、对氨基水杨酸（P-aminosalicylic acid,PAS）、乙胺丁醇（Ethambutol,E）、丁胺卡那霉素（Amikacin,Am）、卷曲霉素（Capreomycin,Cm）单药及与氯法齐明联合应用治疗,给药30d后,解剖各组小鼠,进行肺、脾活菌计数,应用单因素方差分析,比较各给药组小鼠体内的抗结核活性。结果Cfz与10种抗结核药物的组合测定,联合应用时MIC较单药降低2～8倍,Cfz与PAS、Pto、Clr、Cm组合,FIC分别为0．31}0．185;0．31和0．28,具有协同作用。在小鼠耐药结核病治疗模型中：各单药组肺及脾组织中的活菌数均较空白对照组低,其中Cfz的作用最明显,分别降低了1．82和2．32log10CFU;Clr、Mfx、PAS、Am、E、Cm与Cfz联合应用后,均较其单独应用的抗结核作用强;其中Clr与Cfz联合应用较Cfz单药作用更强,提示两者联合应用可以增强活性。结论体外及小鼠体内结核病模型提示Clr与Cfz具有抗结核活性的协同作用,值得进一步研究。     

小诺米星抗结核作用的实验研究

小诺米星是抗菌力强，毒性低的新一代氨基糖苷类抗生素，至今尚未见到国内外对共抗结核作用的报道。通过实验发现本品有较强的体内外抗结核活性。（１）小诺米星在试管内呈现较强的抗结核作用，其ＭＩＣ与链霉素相近，对链霉素耐药菌也呈较强的抗菌活性。（２）对小鼠实验性结核病呈显著疗效，其作用弱于链霉素，（３）与异烟肼并用以及链霉素与异烟肼并用对小鼠实验性结核病的疗效非常显著地强于各药单用时同剂量的疗效。（４）以耐     

氯法齐明的抗结核作用研究

目的评价氯法齐明（clofazimine，CLF）在体外及体内的抗结核活性，为临床应用提供依据。方法应用微孔板指示剂法，测定氯法齐明对结核分枝杆菌标准株H37RV及临床分离耐多药结核分枝杆菌（30株）的MIC；建立小鼠静脉感染H37RV的结核病模型[（1×10^5）CFU／只]，根据氯法齐明剂量不同，分为3个治疗组：20mg/kg，每周给药5次（CLF-1组）；10mg/kg，每周给药5次（CLF-2组）及20mg/kg，每周给药2次（CLF-3组）；治疗30d后进行啼、脾活菌计数，应用单因素方差分析，比较氯法齐明在小鼠体内的抗结核活性。结果氯法齐明对结核分枝杆菌H37RV的MIC为012-0．24ug／ml；对30株耐多药结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的MIC为012～1．92ug／ml。在小鼠结核病治疗模型中，3个治疗组的小鼠肺活菌计数分别较空白对照组降低2．92、178和131．39log10 CFU，均具有统计学意义（F=7409，P〈O01）。结论氯法齐明具有较好的体外及体内抗结核活性，值得进一步研究。     

短萼海桐抗结核实验研究

目的 通过实验了解短萼海桐的抗结核活性.方法 采用体外最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定,含药血清MIC测定及体内抗结核动物实验.结果 体外MIC测定短萼海桐在0.25～0.5 mg/ml浓度间出现明显抑菌现象;短萼海桐含药血清在80 μg/ml浓度开始出现明显抑菌现象;体内抗结核实验显示短萼海桐能显著延长结核病模型小鼠的生存时间,提高存活率.结论 短萼海桐在体内外显示明显的抗结核作用,需进一步研究确定是否可开发成为新型的抗结核天然药物.     

短萼海桐抗结核实验研究

目的通过实验了解短萼海桐的抗结核活性。方法采用体外最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定,含药血清MIC测定及体内抗结核动物实验。结果体外MIC测定短萼海桐在0．25～0．5 mg／ml浓度间出现明显抑菌现象;短萼海桐含药血清在80μg／ml浓度开始出现明显抑菌现象;体内抗结核实验显示短萼海桐能显著延长结核病模型小鼠的生存时间,提高存活率。结论短萼海桐在体内外显示明显的抗结核作用,需进一步研究确定是否可开发成为新型的抗结核天然药物。     

抗结核复合制剂与板式组合药的研究及应用

抗结核复合制剂与板式组合药的研究及应用刘祥荣结核病人规则治疗率直接影响到国家结核病规划能否成功。１９８４年后，以增进医患双方合作性，避免剂量差错为宗旨的抗结核复合制剂及板式组合药相继问世，为提高结核病化疗管理的质量开辟了新的途径。一、有关概念复合制剂...     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.