小剂量抑肽酶结合自体输血对体外循环围术期凝血和纤溶功能的影响

目的：观察小剂量抑肽酶加自体输血对体外循环围术期凝血和纤溶功能的影响。方法：２０例体外循环心脏直视手术病人，分为抑肽酶＋自体输血组（Ａ组）和对照组（Ｃ组），连续监测围术期凝血及纤溶功能的变化。结果：Ａ组病人在术中及术后ＰＡｇＴ、ＰＬＧ、α２－ＡＰ等均显著高于Ｃ组，（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１），而Ｄ－Ｄ却显著低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ａ组病人术后出血量和输血量均显著少于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：小剂量抑肽酶＋自体输血能显著减轻体外循环引起的凝血功能紊乱，预防和减轻继发纤溶亢进，从而显著减少了术后出血和输血量。     

小剂量抑肽酶结合自体输血对体外循环围术期凝血和纤溶功能…

目的：观察小剂量抑肽酶加自体输血对体外循环围术期凝血和纤溶功能的影响。方法：２０例体外循环心脏直视手术病人，分为抑肽酶＋自体输血组（Ａ组）和对照组（Ｃ组），连续监测围术期凝血及纤溶功能的变化。结果：Ａ组病人在术中及术后ＰＡｇＴ、ＰＬＧ、α２－ＡＰ等均显著高于Ｃ组，（Ｐ〈０．０５或０．０１），而Ｄ－Ｄ却显著低于Ｃ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ａ组病人术后出血量和输血量均显著少于Ｃ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：小剂     

胆酸钠、乳果糖、山莨菪碱对梗阻性黄疸内毒素血症的临床治疗观察

目的 观察术前３种药物对梗阻性黄疸（简称：梗黄）病人抗内毒素血症的治疗作用。方法 ４８例梗黄病人分４组在术前分别给予一般治疗（Ａ组）,口服胆酸钠（Ｂ组）。口服乳果糖（Ｃ组）和静脉滴注山莨菪碱（Ｄ组）处理,和２１例无黄疸病人进行手术前后内毒素（ＥＴ）含量测定。结果 （１）入院时梗黄各组外周血ＥＴ水平差异无显著意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）,但均显著高于无黄疸组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;（２）Ａ组门静脉血ＥＴ水平明显高于外周血（Ｐ〈０．０５）;Ａ组手术后５ｄＥＴ水平降低不明显随后ＥＴ逐渐下降,ｄ１５接近正常水平;（３）Ｂ,Ｃ２组用药后外周血ＥＴ水平明显下降,术后ＥＴ水平继续降低,Ｂ,Ｃ２组门静脉血ＥＴ水平低于Ａ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）;（４）Ｄ组用药后外周血和术中门静脉血ＥＴ水平明显低于Ａ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。术后也保持低水平。结论 术前应     

山莨菪碱对ARDS的氧输送及血流动力学改变的作用

早期、大剂量山莨菪碱治疗外科术后成人呼吸窘迫综合征（ＡＲＤＳ），观察病程第１￣４天氧输送与血流动力学等指标。治疗组用山莨菪碱＋常规治疗，对照组用常规治疗。结果：第２￣４天治疗组Ｃｌ、ＤＯ２、ＶＯ２、Ｏ２Ｅｘｔ、ＰａＯ２／ＦｉＯ２分别显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；Ａ－ａＤＯ２、ＰＶＲＩ显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＶＯ２与ＤＯ２呈直线相关（ｒ＝０．５８，Ｐ〈０．０５）。治疗组８例死亡１例，对照组     

外源性甲状腺素对心内直视术围术期心肌能量代谢酶的影响

目的 研究外源性甲状腺素（ＴＨ）对心内直视术围术期心肌能量代谢的影响。方法 将二尖瓣置换术（ＭＶＲ）患者随机分为用药组和对照组，术前４～７ｄ用药组服甲状腺片，对照组服安慰剂。检测术前、中、后心民酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＣＯ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）、钙ＡＴＰ酶（Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ）活性的变化。结果 用药组ＳＤＨ、ＣＣＯ、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活化比对照组增高（Ｐ〈０．００１     

肝硬化巨脾切除对免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨肝硬化巨脾切除对免疫功能的影响。方法：对２６例肝硬化巨脾患者切脾主前、术手两周、术手半年、一年分别抽取周围静脉血测定ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＡ,ＩｇＭ,Ｃ３,Ｃ４,ＴＮＦ,ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ,ＣＤ３＾＋,ＣＤ４＾＋,ＣＤ８＾＋,ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋,用Ｆ检验作出显著性测定。结果：ＩｇＧ,ＩｇＡ,ＩｇＭ,Ｃ３,Ｃ４,ＴＮＦ,ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ,ＣＤ８＾＋切脾差异均无意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）,ＣＤ３＾＋,ＣＤ４＾＋,     

膀胱癌上皮细胞粘附分子蛋白表达的意义

目的 探讨上皮细胞粘附分子（Ｅ－ＣＤ）表达情况对判断膀胱癌恶性程度、复发及预后的意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法对５４例膀胱癌标本中Ｅ－ＣＤ的表达情况进行研究。结果Ｅ－Ｃ原表达情况与膀胱癌的病理分级、分期均有密切关系。（ｘ＾２＝６．６５,Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｘ＾２＝７．１５,Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ｅ－ＣＤ的的民光癌的近期昨发及不良预后有关。（Ｘ＾２＝４．８８,Ｐ〈０．０５;Ｌｏｎｇ－Ｒａｎｋ ｔｅｓｔ;ｘ＾２     

氨茶碱对支气管哮喘外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比值影响的临床观察

目的：探讨氨茶碱对支气管哮喘外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群比值有何影响，对支气管哮喘的治疗起何作用。方法：选择支气管哮喘病人３６例分成两组，分别给予氨茶碱和未用氨茶碱类止喘药，并在治疗前后进行Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的测定。结果：用药前两组ＣＤ８＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０１）。用药后，氨茶碱组ＣＤ８＾＋增高，ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值恢复正常（Ｐ〉０．０１）；而未用氨茶碱组ＣＤ８＾＋、Ｃ     

梗阻性黄疸时胆道内压力和门静脉血流与IL-2、sIL-2R及T淋巴细胞亚群变化的关系探讨

为探讨梗阻性黄疸患者败血症的发生机理，研究了３７例梗阻性黄疸（Ａ组）和９０例胆囊结石（Ｂ组）患者的胆道内压力、门静脉血流速度与白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）、可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）及Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的关系。Ａ组又分为急诊手术组（Ａ１）、择期手术组（Ａ２）、＞６０岁组（Ａ３）和＜６０岁组（Ａ４）４个亚组。结果显示：Ａ及Ａ１～４各组术前ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋值均显著低于术后１０天值（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ显著高于术后１０天值（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ａ１组术前ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ极显著高于Ａ及Ａ２～４组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。相关分析显示胆道内压力与ＩＬ－２、ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋及ＣＤ８＋呈负相关，与ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），门静脉血流速度与ＩＬ－２呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。由此表明梗阻性黄疸感染与宿主细胞免疫功能降低密切相关。     

轻型急性胆石性胰腺炎的手术时机和方法

目的：探讨轻型急性胆石性胰腺炎（ＡＧＰ）的手术时机和方法。方法：回顾性分析１２６例急性胆石性胰腺炎患者的临床资料和治疗结果。结果：早期手术组（入院４８ｈ之内,ｎ＝４３）并发症发生率较延期（入院４８ｈ之后,同一次住院时间内）开腹手术组（ｎ＝２２）、延期腹腔镜手术组（ｎ＝２０）和非手术治疗组（ｎ＝４１）显著升高（Ｐ＜０.０５）,平均住院时间显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）。早期手术组和延期开腹手术组胆总管探查率分别为１００％和３０．８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。胆石性胰腺炎非手术治疗出院后复发率高（３４.１％）。平均住院时间,延期ＬＣ组为１４．８ｄ±０．７ｄ,较延期开腹手术组２６.７ｄ±３．０ｄ显著缩短（Ｐ＜０.０５）。延期ＬＣ组手术时间为入院后１０．５ｄ±０．６ｄ。结论：轻型ＡＧＰ患者早期行非手术治疗,在症状、体征消失后一周左右（发病后１１ｄ）经ＭＲＣＰ和Ｂ超检查后行ＬＣ,如ＭＲＣＰ发现胆总管结石则在ＬＣ术前行ＥＲＣＰ＋ＥＳ。     

异体与术中回收式自体输血对凝血功能影响的比较

目的 观察术中回收式自体输血后凝血状态的变化。方法36例择期行骨科大手术病人,将同性别,手术类型及年龄相近的两位病人配为一对,随机分配到回收式自体输血组(试验组)或异体输血组(对照组)中。试验组用血液回收仪回收术中出血,经过滤、离心、清洗后回输给病人。分别取术前、输血前、输血后1h及术后24h的静脉血,测定血常规、凝血酶原时间(PT)、部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT),同时用血栓弹性描记仪测定血栓弹性描记图(Thrombelastography,TEG)的各项指标。结果 试验组稀释后Hb明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。血常规其余各值、PT、APTT、FIB及TT在各测定点两组变化一致,两组间均无显著差异(P>0.05);试验组R在稀释后明显延长(P<0.05),但与对照组比差异不显著。两组间TEG其它各项指标在各测定点亦差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论 回收式自体输血与异体输血相比对凝血状态的影响差异不显著。     

Frequency of homologous blood transfusion in patients undergoing cleft lip and palate surgery

Aim:

The study aims to determine the frequency of homologous blood transfusion in patientsundergoing cleft lip and palate surgery at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Setting and Design:

A prospective study of transfusion rate in cleft surgery conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Material and Methods:

One hundred consecutive patients who required cleft lip and palate surgery were recruited into the study. Data collected included age, sex and weight of patients, type of cleft defects, type of surgery done, preoperative haematocrit, duration of surgery, amount of blood loss during surgery, the number of units of blood cross-matched and those used. Each patient was made to donate a unit of homologous blood prior to surgery.

Results:

There were 52 females and 48 males with a mean age of 64.4 ± 101.1 months (range, 3-420 months). The most common cleft defect was isolated cleft palate (45%) followed by unilateral cleft lip (28%). Cleft palate repair was the most common procedure (45%) followed by unilateral cleft lip repair (41%). The mean estimated blood loss was 95.8 ± 144.9 ml (range, 2-800ml). Ten (10%) patients (CL=2; CP=5, BCL=1; CLP=2) were transfused but only two of these were deemed appropriate based on percentage blood volume loss. The mean blood transfused was 131.5 ± 135.4ml (range, 35-500ml). Six (60%) of those transfused had a preoperative PCV of < 30%. Only 4.9% of patients who had unilateral cleft lip surgery were transfused as compared with 50% for CLP surgery, 11% for CP surgery, and 10% for bilateral cleft lip surgery.

Conclusions:

The frequency of blood transfusion in cleft lip and palate surgery was 10% with a cross-match: transfusion ratio of 10 and transfusion index of 0.1. A "type and screen" policy is advocated for cleft lip and palate surgery.     

体腔血回输前凝血与纤溶机能变化的研究

目的 了解体腔内积血的细胞数量、凝血及纤溶机能的变化特点,以及临床常用回收和过滤方法对其的影响。方法 ３０例急性闭合性腹腔内出血病人,检测体腔内积血的红细胞计数（Ｒ ＢＣ）与血小反计数（ＰＬｔ）、血球压积（Ｈｃｔ）,血浆游离血红细胞蛋白（ＦＨｂ）含量,凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）,部分凝血活酶时间（ＫＰＴＴ）及凝血时间（ＴＴ）,抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴ－Ⅲ）,优球蛋白溶解时间（ＥＬＴ）,３Ｐ试验等凝血、纤溶指标。     

心血管手术围术期减少输血及血液制品的研究

目的 为了预防经血液传播疾病，探讨心血管手术患者减少围手术期使用异体血及血液制品，方法 １９９４年７月￣１９９５年１２月，对１８９例心血管手术患者进行前瞻性研究，采用综合方法减少围术期异体血及血液制品。在不影响手术死亡率、住院天数的情况下，实验组输异体全血的量降至对照组的２７．２９％，实验组患者平均接受１．３９个献血员的血液，为对照组４．３９个的３１．６６％，实验组用血浆量仅为对照组的２．３９％，     

自体血小板分离联合术中自体血回输对骨科手术患者凝血功能的影响作用

目的观察术前自体血小板分离联合术中自体血回输对骨科手术患者凝血功能的影响作用。方法60例骨科择期手术患者（预计出血量〉1000ml,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级）,随机分为3组,每组20例患者。Ⅰ组采用术前自体血小板分离联合术中自体血回输,Ⅱ组采用单纯术中自体血回输,Ⅲ组不进行任何血液保护措施。各组分别于麻醉前、血小板分离后10min、保存的血小板或自体血回输前10min、回输后10min、术后24h、术后48h检测相应时点的血红蛋白水平、凝血功能、血小板水平和聚集功能、术中术后出血量及异体输血情况。结果三组的一般资料、术中出血量、术中术后的血红蛋白水平比较未见明显差异。与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组术后24h和术后48h的血小板水平和聚集功能明显降低（P〈0．05）,术后出血量及异体输血率则明显增高（P〈0．01）。结论术前自体血小板分离联合术中自体血回输可明显改善骨科手术患者的凝血功能,并有效降低术后出血量和异体血的输注。     

术中自体或异体输血对内环境和红细胞生成素分泌影响的比较

目的 观察和比较术中自体输血或异体输血对机体内环境和红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)分泌的影响。方法 30例在全麻下择期行脊柱侧凸矫正术患者,随机分为两组,A组15例,术中按需输注异体血。B组15例,术中对手术失血进行自体血滤过回输,回收率为80％,±2.3％。除常规监测外,术中监测每例患者机体内环境,包括:血常规、血气、电解质、血浆渗透压和ACT。术中、术毕和术后24h测定血浆EPO含量和血常规。结果 A组术中MAP和HCO3-下降较B组明显(P<0.05)。术毕,B组血小板计数(Plt)明显低于A组(P<0.01),但仍在正常范围。两组血浆EPO含量及血常规变化趋势一致。结论 在一定范围内,术中自体血滤过回输有利于维持内环境稳定,对EPO的分泌及红细胞生成的影响与异体输血无明显差异。     

Transfusion transmitted infectious agents, excluding hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viruses

A number of viruses, parasites and bacteria can be transmitted by blood. Blood seronegative for cytomegalovirus (CMV), effectively prevents CMV infection in seronegative bone marrow recipients. Such blood is available at larger blood transfusion services. Immune anti-CMV globulin can also be helpful in protection of transplant recipients. Human T-lymphotropic virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) causing leukemia and myelopathy can also be transmitted by blood. Blood banks are considering donor screening in areas where the prevalence of this virus is significant. Parvoviruses that may cause crises in haemolytic anaemias present a potential hazard of transfusion. Malaria and syphilis are currently not very important infectious complications of transfusion, whereas prolonged storage of platelets has reemphasised the risk of bacterial growth in blood products.     

血液回收和血液保存对成人红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨血液回收和血液保存对成人红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法选择进行血液回收的手术患者50例,患者术中回收的红细胞为Ⅰ组;Ⅰ组患者的术野红细胞50份为Ⅱ组;库存2周的浓缩红细胞50份为Ⅲ组。分别测定三组红细胞的受体花环形成率、免疫复合物花环形成率、CD35 阳性红细胞百分率及超氧化物歧化酶水平。结果Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组红细胞受体花环形成率、CD35阳性红细胞的百分率及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶水平均低于Ⅱ组,且Ⅰ组上述指标均高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05或0.01)。三组红细胞免疫复合物花环形成率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血液回收可在一定程度上损害红细胞的免疫功能,但术中回收红细胞的免疫功能优于库存2周的红细胞。     

Microcirculatory hemodynamics after acute blood loss followed by fresh and banked blood transfusion

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) conformational changes occur when blood is stored. This study was designed to be a preliminary evaluation to assess how these changes affect the microcirculation. METHODS: The rat cremaster muscle flap model was used to evaluate in vivo microcirculatory changes after withdrawal of 1 mL blood with subsequent administration of fresh blood (group I, n=6) and banked blood (group II, n=6). Each group underwent a 3-stage evaluation: baseline, after blood withdrawal, and after transfusion. Using intravital microscopy, RBC velocity, vessel diameter, functional capillary perfusion, and leukocyte-endothelial interactions were noted. RESULTS: After blood withdrawal, changes in RBC velocity, vessel diameter, functional capillary perfusion, and number of activated leukocytes were observed in both groups, but these changes were more significant in stored blood compared with fresh blood (P相似文献   

Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances caused by blood transfusions

The effect of blood transfusions on the electrolyte, metabolic and hemodynamic status of 31 patients undergoing major laparotomies was studied. Two groups were compared: Group I, 11 patients receiving continuous intraoperative blood transfusions exceeding 5 units at a rate over 0.3 ml/kg/min, and Group II, 20 patients receiving transfusions of 1-5 units at a rate below the limit. Transiently increased potassium values (5.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l) were found in Group I during the rapid transfusion phase. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05) when compared to Group II (4.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.64; P less than 0.05) between the increase in serum potassium concentrations and the respective potassium load caused by the blood transfused. Most of the hyperpotassemic patients had surgery of the abdominal aorta. During the rapid transfusion, the patients in Group I had significantly lower concentrations of serum ionized calcium (P less than 0.05) and higher central venous pressures (P less than 0.05), but more periods of hypotension when compared to Group II. After the transfusion the massively transfused patients had slight metabolic alcalosis, the BE and pH differing significantly (P less than 0.05) from the values of Group II. It is concluded that hyperpotassemia may occur during rapid transfusions (over 0.4 ml/kg/min) of stored blood, especially in patients undergoing surgery of the abdominal aorta, even without simultaneous shock, acidosis or hypothermia. Calcium administration may be of benefit especially in situations where combined hyperpotassemia and hypocalcemia reduce the myocardial performance.