考虑流体升力作用的海洋钻井隔水管变形特性分析

为了分析隔水管在复杂海洋环境下的变形,采用能量法及变分原理建立了隔水管的力学行为模型,并通过中心差商法对模型进行了数值分析.得到了隔水管的三维变形图,并通过计算机编程针对影响隔水管变形的主要因素进行了分析.结果表明,流体升力因素对隔水管变形有一定程度的影响;浮式钻井平台偏移量对隔水管变形的影响十分显著,隔水管变形随着偏移量的增加而增大;浮力块的安置虽然一定程度地增加了隔水管的变形,但却可以较好地改善隔水管的受力情况;隔水管变形随着顶部张力和钻井液密度的增大而减小.     

考虑完井液存在的气井环空带压计算模型研究

准确预测套管内环空压力上升规律有助于指导现场在压力值达到破坏井筒完整性前采取措施,可有效降低环空带压对注采井安全生产带来的威胁.本文考虑气体在完井液中体积变化及运移规律,建立了完井液存在条件下环空压力计算模型,通过对比实例带压井的环控压力计算值与实际值,验证了模型的准确性.同时,计算分析了完井液液柱高度、完井液压缩系数及水泥环渗透率对最大环空压力值与其变化规律的影响,计算结果表明:较大的水泥环渗透率和较小的完井液压缩系数将会增大环空压力的上升速度,而完井液液柱高度不但对环控压力上升速度产生影响,较小的液柱高度还将导致最大环空压力增加.因此,增加完井液压缩性能、适当降低完井液柱高度、提高固井质量以降低气体在水泥环中的窜流是延缓环空带压的有效措施.     

考虑钻具接头影响的环空压耗计算

控压钻井是针对"窄安全压力窗口"现象所引起的勘探开发过程中的钻井难题所提出的,井筒压力分布的准确预测是保证控压钻井顺利实施的前提,为提高井筒压力的预测精度需准确计算环空摩阻压耗,应用量纲分析理论,综合考虑钻具接头、钻具旋转的影响,修正了环空摩阻压耗计算模型,提高了井筒压力的预测精度.模型研究表明:随着钻井液排量的增加,钻井液从层流变为紊流,局部摩阻压耗明显增加;且井越深,接头的累计压耗越大,接头对总摩阻压耗的贡献增加.随着钻具旋转速度的增加,环空压耗的增加或减少取决于惯性力与剪切稀释的共同作用.     

全油基钻井液流变性对动态沉降稳定性的影响

为了解决全油基钻井液在钻井循环过程中发生的重晶石动态沉降问题,通过测量抗高温全油基钻井液流变性和动态沉降密度差,对钻井液动态沉降密度差与单独流变参数之间关系进行研究,确定钻井液动态沉降密度差与塑性粘度关系不密切,而与影响钻井液结构特性的流变参数R6读数,动切力,终切力关系密切.采用统计软件R建立了钻井液动态沉降密度差与钻井液R6,YP和终切力关系模型,为现场钻井液工程师调控钻井液动态沉降密度差提供途径.     

川渝裂缝性地层自动压井环空多相压力波速特性研究北大核心CSCD

考虑虚拟质量力、环空沿程压力、气液相间阻力、气体滑脱、环空空隙率等因素,基于小扰动理论,提出了裂缝性地层自动压井环空多相压力波速数学模型,结合半显式差分方法,以彭州PZ-5-3D井(垂深5827 m)为实例,对模型编程求解.结果表明:裂缝性地层出气具有段塞流特点,随空隙率增大,压力波速呈现先减小后增大趋势;空隙率在0%至16%区间,压力波速以液弹为主,压力波速呈急剧下降趋势;空隙率在16%至40%区间,压力波速趋于平缓恒定值;空隙率在42%至100%区间,压力波速呈现增大趋势,压力波速以气弹为主;随环空井深减小,环空空隙率减小,压力波速整体呈现减小趋势;随压井循环排气井口回压增大,压力波速整体呈现增大趋势;环空空隙率在0%至13%区间内,气体滑脱速度对压力波速影响不大;环空空隙率在13%至85%区间内,随气体滑脱速度增大,压力波速呈现减小趋势;节流阀调阀时间间隔与井底压力响应时间具有跟随性,随井底压力响应时间增大,调阀时间间隔增大.     

带屈服值的假塑性流体同心环空稳态波动压力研究

管柱在充满钻井液的井眼内运动时所产生的波动压力是影响井眼稳定的主要因素。其大小是制定泥浆附加密度的主要依据。因此要求对实际波动压力的预测有较高的精度,而其精度与泥浆流变模式的选择密切相关。屈服假塑性流体属于三参数模式,因其精度高,近年来国外多用其描述钻井液的流变性.文中以该模式为基础,从理论上推导了定向井同心环空中起下钻或下套管过程中,稳定层流条件下钻井液粘性产生的波动压力计算模式。为便于现场应用,绘制了不同情况下波动压力系数的变化规律。并给出了计算示例。对准确预测钻并作业过程中波动压力的大小、控制起下钻速度提供了理论依据。     

控压钻井井底气侵停止与否实时判别方法研究

实时判别井底气侵停止与否是控压钻井井控方法的关键,直接关系到基于立压控制法循环排气或常规关井等后续作业的选取.综合考虑气体运移膨胀和气体溶解的因素,指出出入口流量一致并不等同于井底气侵停止,两者存在时间先后关系.基于快速施加井口回压控制方法,建立了控压钻井井筒与地层耦合的多相变质量流动模型,采用有限差分法迭代求解,模型计算值与实验测量值吻合较好.模拟结果表明,出口流量有无明显拐点是区分出入口流量一致和井底气侵停止时间先后的标志.一旦井底气侵停止,立管压力的二阶导数会迅速降至0点附近且趋于稳定.根据上述参数变化特征,提出了基于出入口流量和立管压力实时监测的井底气侵停止与否实时判别方法.该研究对于完善控压钻井井控理论具有重要的指导意义.     

非牛顿流体偏心环空螺旋流的解析解

石油和化工中许多问题需要求解非牛顿流体偏心环空螺旋流。本文全面地研究了幂律流体和宾汉流体在偏心环空中层流螺旋流的流动规律与流动状态的判别。在理论上,根据流体力学原理,运用数学方法,在作者同心环空螺旋流的理论基础上,通过对偏心环空螺旋流流场的无限细分法,给出了该流场的视粘度分布、速度分布、流量和压降方程,进而建立了判别流态的稳定性参数。     

关井期间连续气侵气泡在井筒的动态运移分析

在停止循环状态关井条件下,由于井筒储集效应的影响,地层气会继续侵入井筒,侵入气体沿静止钻井液向上滑脱运移,井口回压与井底压力随之增加,威胁井控安全,因而,有必要研究关井条件下,气泡在井筒内滑脱上升时引起的井口和井底压力波动规律.考虑井筒储集效应,建立了关井期间井底压力和井口压力的计算模型,并对模拟井关井过程中气泡沿井筒运移特性进行了分析.模拟分析结果表明:不同气侵量下,随着关井时间的延长,井底压力和井口压力增加,渗透率低的地层井底压力较高,井口套压稳定的速度较快;当井筒气侵量一定时,随着关井时间的延长,井底压力和井口压力增加,渗透率高的地层井底压力、井口套压较高.     

CO_2驱分层注气井注入系统数学模型及其应用

CO_2驱分层注气是控制CO_2气窜和提高开发效果的有效手段.确定合理的分层注气参数是CO_2驱分层注气现场试验的关键环节.本文在CO_2驱单管分层注气和同心双管分层工艺的基础上,通过分析注入CO_2在地面管道、井筒、气嘴及地层中的流动规律,分别建立了两种注气工艺注入系统的数学模型,利用节点系统分析方法对数学模型进行求解和敏感性分析,能够确定不同注气工艺条件下各层合理的注气压力和注气量.以吉林油田CO_2驱注气井为例,结合实际地层参数,确定了各层合理的注气参数,为CO_2驱分层注气的现场实施提供理论依据和指导.     

Multiphase transient flow model in wellbore annuli during gas kick in deepwater drilling based on oil-based mud

Transient-state gas and oil-based mud (OBM) two-phase flow in wellbore annuli will occur during gas kick. The phase behavior of influx gas and OBM will make the gas kick during OBM drilling more complicated. There are three possible cases in an annulus: only liquid flow in the entire annulus, gas and liquid two-phase flow in part of the annulus, and gas and liquid two-phase flow in the entire annulus. First, the phase behaviors of gas and OBM in wellbore annuli are studied based on the phase behavior of methane and diesel. A multiphase transient-flow model in annuli during gas kick based on OBM is then established based on gas–liquid two-phase flow theory and on flash theory in annuli. The influences of phase behavior in annuli and annular geometry are taken into account. The local flow parameters are predicted by the hydrodynamic models and the local thermodynamic parameters are predicted by the heat-transfer models in the corresponding flow pattern. The proposed model has a better performance, compared with two other models, against the published experimental data. Finally, the variation of pit gain, well-bottom hole pressure, and gas void fraction are obtained, leading to a better understanding of the occurrence and evolution mechanism of gas kick during deepwater drilling.     

Robertson-Stiff流体在偏心环空中的流动

石油钻井和完井过程中,经常出现泥浆、水泥浆和完井液在偏心环空中的流动。Robertson-Stif流体在描述这些流体的流变性时有很高的精度。文中根据Robertson-Stif流体的流变方程和偏心环空环隙间距的几何关系,利用相似原理,求解了该流体在偏心环形空间中作层流轴向流动时适于工程应用的二元速度分布,以及平均流速、流量和压降的表达式。研究表明:液体在偏心环形空间流动时与在同心环空中流动的最大差异,在于流经偏心环空不同间隙处流速的较大差异。文中还把Robertson-Stif流体的计算结果与采用宾汉模式和幂律模式的计算结果进行了对比。     

Modeling and simulation of severe slugging in air-water systems including inertial effects

A mathematical model and numerical simulations corresponding to severe slugging in air-water pipeline-riser systems are presented. The mathematical model considers continuity equations for liquid and gas phases, with a simplified momentum equation for the mixture. A drift-flux model, evaluated for the local conditions in the riser, is used as a closure law. In many models appearing in the literature, propagation of pressure waves is neglected both in the pipeline and in the riser. Besides, variations of void fraction in the stratified flow in the pipeline are also neglected and the void fraction obtained from the stationary state is used in the simulations. This paper shows an improvement in a model previously published by the author, including inertial effects. In the riser, inertial terms are taken into account by using the rigid water-hammer approximation. In the pipeline, the local acceleration of the water and gas phases are included in the momentum equations for stratified flow, allowing to calculate the instantaneous values of pressure drop and void fraction. The developed model predicts the location of the liquid accumulation front in the pipeline and the liquid level in the riser, so it is possible to determine which type of severe slugging occurs in the system. A comparison is made with experimental results published in literature including a choke valve and gas injection at the bottom of the riser, showing very good results for slugging cycle and stability maps. Simulations were also made assessing the effect of different strategies to mitigate severe slugging, such as choking, gas injection and increase in separation pressure, showing correct trends.     

气体钻井钻柱气固耦合横向振动数学模型的建立与控制

根据钻柱力学和动量守恒基本理论,建立了考虑气体钻井液对钻柱内外耦合影响时的钻柱横向振动模型,此模型与一般的梁式结构的振动模型不同,它包含了钻柱轴力、钻柱内注入压力、环空压力和钻柱内气体对钻柱振动的影响.同时给出边界条件和初始条件.通过把系统外激励函数当作控制变量,利用Banach空间几何性质证明了此系统存在唯一最优控制元.     

基于相似结构的双孔合采油藏模型和求解

针对双孔合采油藏,首次建立了考虑有效井径和井筒储集的变流率情形的试井分析数学模型;利用Laplace变换,在Laplace空间中得到了储层压力和井壁压力的精确解;发现在三种外边界条件下的解式之间具有统一的结构,此项研究给编制试井分析软件带来极大的便利,对油气藏渗流规律的理论研究也具有深远的意义.     

存在过渡区的复合气藏中凝析气的渗流模型及其应用

根据凝析气在多孔介质中渗流的相态变化特征,建立了凝析油-气不稳定渗流的基本微分方程,同时引入了凝析油-气两相拟压力函数对渗流方程进行了线性化处理;针对形成不同流体区域的凝折气藏、有边水的凝析气藏、岩性尖灭凝析气藏及井底存在污染和改善等多种情况,针对存在过渡区的复合凝析气藏建立了凝折油-气渗流新模型,模型更适合凝析气藏实际情况,并求出了凝析气藏油-气拟压力分布的拉氏空间解析解,确立了对凝析气井进行压力恢复试井的具体解释方法,从而为指导气田的合理开发提供可靠的依据.     

The effect of seepage on the stress–strain state of rock near a borehole

The effect of the strain-strength and seepage properties of rock and the compressibility of the percolating fluid on the dimensions of the rock fracture zones, which occur in oil and gas boreholes when the bottom hole pressure is reduced, is investigated. The seepage is considered basing on the stationary formulation of the problem, which enables the general case to be investigated. It is shown that in the case of unsteady flow, the stresses on the boundary of the rock fracture zone and, as a consequence, on its dimensions, are independent of the nature of the pressure distribution in the stratum, and are determined solely by the pressure of the percolating fluid on the boundary of this zone. It is established that an increase in the compressibility of the percolating fluid leads to an increase in the dimensions of the rock fracture zone.