铸造条件对重力铸造TiAlNb铸件缩孔及夹杂气泡的影响（英文）

研究了感应凝壳炉熔炼的Ti Al Nb合金的陶瓷型壳重力浇铸。使用了扫描电镜(SEM),能谱仪(EDX)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对铸造合金的显微组织及气孔缺陷进行分析。研究发现,氧化膜在气孔及缩孔中存在并且是这些缺陷的不均匀形核位置,而这些气孔缺陷一方面是浇铸过程中气体夹带形成,另一方面是气体小分子积聚形成。这些气孔广泛存在于铸件的表层及中心部分。铸件直径,模具温度,以及氩分压都对气孔缺陷的形成有一定的影响。     

铜合金离心铸造产生气孔的原因及防止方法

一、气孔的形成机理 铜合金离心铸造产生气孔是一种常见缺陷,这种缺陷形成的机理是:合金液表面薄膜(锡的氧化物或磷酸盐)与红热金属模套中的碳(包括石墨碳和结合碳)发生反应产生气体,这些气体在模壁附近形成气泡后,开始体积较小,当模温升高后,气体的体积相应扩大。在离心力的作用下,比重大的合金液紧靠模壁,气泡被挤向内表面而浮出。另一方面,离心力、铸件外凝固层的强度及合金液本身的粘度对气泡的浮出产生了阻力,此阻力在铸件外表面为最大,越向内越小。当气泡的内压力大于合金的表面阻力,     

K417G合金铸件荧光显示问题研究

精密铸造生产中,采用铝酸钴表面孕育处理,细化K417G涡轮叶片表面晶粒,但在铸件表面渗透荧光检测过程中,出现大量点状显示,不能满足标准要求。本研究通过采用光镜、扫描电镜对缺陷铸件进行解剖分析及对型壳表面进行分析,并利用体式显微镜等进行观察,确定出型壳中荧光显示的主要原因是由于铝酸钴含量过高,与合金反应产生大量的氧化物和气体,从而使铸件表面产生气孔和夹杂缺陷。通过调整型壳表面层铝酸钴含量,并控制涂料粘度,对型壳涂制工艺进行改进,解决了K417G合金铸件荧光显示问题。     

铝合金传动箱体铸造缺陷分析及工艺优化

针对ZL101A铝合金传动箱体铸件因微观孔洞缺陷造成油道漏油问题,借助X射线探伤和SEM缺陷形貌观察,发现微观孔洞类缺陷为微观缩松和气孔缺陷两类,且以微观缩松缺陷为主。运用XRF光谱、MAGMA工艺仿真等手段分析发现,缩松形成的主要原因是凝固补缩不足,而气孔主要是合金液中的气体与氧化铝夹杂物相互作用引起的。根据缺陷分析结果,将重力铸造改为差压铸造,并在铸件发生缺陷的油道部位增设一处内浇道,同时降低浇注温度。另外,熔炼ZL101A合金液时,添加Al-5Ti-1B中间合金进行细化处理。结果表明,铸件组织致密,微观孔洞基本消除,满足ASTM E155Ⅱ级要求。     

铝合金压铸件气孔缺陷形成机理及其防止

在压铸件生产过程中,气体被卷入合金液中所形成的种种缺陷,严重地影响铸件的质量和加工性能。用普通压铸法生产的铸件,几乎都存在由气体所造成的缺陷。对有气密性要求和在高温环境中工作的零件,用目前普通的压铸机,以常规生产,难以获得高质量的产品。气孔缺陷,尤其是扁形气孔,存在铸件壁中(图1)。不但影响零件的强度,而且一旦工作环境温度升高,包在缺陷中的高压气体受热膨胀,使零件产生变形和表面凸泡现象。     

铸铁件中缩孔状气孔

本文提出了铸铁件中气孔缺陷的一种表现形式——缩孔状气孔。作者认为:导致缩孔状气孔的形成,有三个充分与必要条件:(1)铸件具有较宽的热节区;(2)在气体侵入铸件热节区的液态合金里形成气泡且无法排出;(3)合金本身的凝固应有体积膨胀。作者在对缩孔状气孔的形成机理进行探讨的同时,还提出了予防及消除缺陷的方法     

一种金属型铸造含锡青铜铸件用涂料

在金属型铸造含锡青铜铸件的生产中,常见的铸造缺陷之一就是痘痕气孔缺陷。这种缺陷按其产生原因和特点,大致可分为两类:一类是由于金属型温度过低而引起的冷呛痘痕。其原因主要是在浇注过程中,因铸型表面的水分遇热蒸发,在铸件表面形成较浅的痘痕气孔。这种痘痕气孔遍布铸件表面,不深,一般不超过3毫米;另一类是由于金属型温度过高,而引起的热呛痘痕。其原因主要是浇注过程中,当金属型被熔融金属液加热到红热状态时,金属液表面的氧化物与铸型中的碳(包括石墨和结合碳)及涂料中的碳反应,生成不熔于金属液的气体,被卷入正在凝固的合金中,形成了蜂窝状的痘痕气孔。     

砂型铸造内燃机铝铸件气孔的防止方法

在砂型铸造内燃机铝铸件生产中,经常出现大量气孔缺陷,影响生产进度的完成。为解决这一问题,我们进行了认真分析,找出了产生气孔的原因并采取相应措施加以防止,取得了较满意的结果,现简单总结如下与同行交流。1　铝合金液对气体、特别是氢气的溶解特性铝合金在熔炼过程中及铝合金液在液态状态下容易吸收大量气体,特别是溶解大量氢气,而在固态状态几乎不溶解气体,或者溶解的极少。铝合金在凝固过程中,如果所溶解的气体、特别是氢气,不能及时被排出熔体,那么,凝固后就将在固体(铸件)内形成气孔(或针孔)缺陷。2　气孔产生的原因及防止办法2…     

由于操作不当引起的压铸件缺陷及解决方法

压铸是铸造有色金属及其合金液态成形的一种方法。在各种压铸生产中,铸件会出现很多的质量缺陷,如：气孔、气泡、流痕、印痕、缩孔、欠铸和裂纹等现象。为了生产出产品质量好、经济效益高的有色金属及其合金铸件,就必须分析压铸件产生缺陷的原因,从而排除不良因素。该文对由于操作不当,如：模具温度、压铸周期、涂料、浇铸量以及作业人员工作不规范而引起的压铸件缺陷进行了分析,并且就这些方面提出了相应的解决措施。     

铝合金涡壳金属型重力铸造工艺设计及优化

涡壳铸件内部质量要求严格,生产难度大,经过对其工艺结构的认真分析,重新设计了铸件的工艺方案及金属型模具,并在此基础上结合现场实际生产进行了铸件工艺试验验证。铸件试制过程中,采取了控制铸型涂层厚度、加冷铁等工艺措施,使铸件形成顺序凝固。结果表明,通过改进铸造工艺方法,优化模具结构,生产出了合格的铝涡壳铸件,解决了实际生产中铝涡壳的冷隔、缩松、气孔等缺陷。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.