TiN单层和TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层的结构和性能研究

借助XRD、SEM、纳米压痕和划痕仪研究了采用磁控溅射在硬质合金基体上沉积的TiN单层和TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层的组织结构和力学性能。研究表明:TiN与TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层的晶粒形貌均呈柱状晶结构,而TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层形成了TiN、Ti(C,N)交替的调制结构。由于界面强化作用,TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层表现出比TiN更高的硬度及与基体更好的结合力。     

物理气相沉积Ti/TiN提高冷冲模具寿命研究

对Cr12MoV冷作模具钢表面进行了单一处理(PVD Ti／TiN)和双重处理(低温等离子氮化 PVD Ti／TiN),通过显微硬度、划痕和磨损试验综合分析了这两种不同处理涂层的摩擦学性能。而且,对PVD Ti／TiN涂覆的“控制臂翻边凸模”进行应用试验。研究结果和应用试验表明：较单一处理,双重处理改善了涂层与基体界面的结合,显著提高了Cr12MoV钢的表面承载能力和耐磨性,PVD Ti／TiN涂覆的“控制臂翻边凸模”寿命提高了2倍多。     

调制周期对TiN/Ti多层膜组织结构和结合力的影响

为了阐明调制周期对薄膜微观组织及薄膜与基体结合力的影响,采用反应磁控溅射在Ti6Al4V基板上交替沉积了Ti层及TiN层制备了TiN/Ti多层膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度仪和划痕仪测量分析了薄膜的晶体结构、微观组织、硬度以及薄膜与基体之间的结合力。研究结果表明:TiN/Ti多层膜中均存在TiN,Ti和Ti2N 3种相。TiN/Ti多层膜均以柱状晶方式生长,在调制周期较大(5层)时,TiN和Ti层的界面清晰;随着调制周期的减小(层数增加),TiN和Ti层的界面逐渐消失。与单层TiN薄膜相比,多层TiN/Ti薄膜的硬度显著提高;但随着薄膜层数的增加,多层TiN/Ti薄膜硬度略微降低。当调制周期为80nm(30层)时,薄膜与基体的结合力明显提高,达到73N。     

Microstructure and physical properties of PVD TiN/（Ti, Al）N multilayer coatings

Magnetron sputtered （Ti, Al） N monolayer and TiN/（Ti, Al） N multilayer coatings grown on cemented carbide substrates were studied by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, nanoindentation, Rockwell A indentation test, strength measurements and cutting tests. The results show that the （Ti, Al）N monolayer and TiN/（Ti, Al）N multilayer coatings perform good affinity to substrate, and the TiN/（Ti, Al）N multilayer coating exhibits higher hardness, higher toughness and better cutting performance compared with the （Ti, Al）N monolayer coating. Moreover, the strength measurement indicates that the physical vapour deposition （PVD） coating has no effect on the substrate strength.     

Surface Treatment of Cr12MoV Steel towards Long-Life Cold-Work Dies

With the rapid development of the automobile industry in China, there is an ever-increasing demand for long-life cold working dies used for punching automobile components. However, the full potential of such advanced surface engineering technologies as PVD coatings and duplex surface treatments in cold work dies has not been realized. In the present study, Crl2MoV steel has been surface engineered by single PVD Ti/TiN coating and duplex treatment combining low temperature plasma nitriding (LTPN) with PVD Ti/TiN coatings. The properties of Ti/TiN coatings in terms of surface morphology, microhardness, load bearing capacity, bonding strength and wear resistance were evaluated by microhardness,scratch and wear tests. The experimental results show that PVD Ti/TiN coatings can significantly enhance the surface load bearing capacity (especially for duplex treatments) and wear resistance of Cr12MoV steel by more than one order of magnitude. This can be mainly attributed to the hard and well-adherent PVD Ti/TiN surface coatings and strong mechanical support of the LTPN sublayer. While two-body abrasive wear prevails for uncoated Crl2MoV, the micropolishing action of the counterface dominates in surface engineered material.     

SEM-EDS Plane Scan and Line Scan Analysis of TiCN Coatings by Cathodic Arc Ion Plating

采用阴极弧离子镀在Cr12MoV冷作模具钢表面制备了TiCN涂层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了涂层表面化学元素的面分布和界面化学元素的线分布。讨论了涂层界面结合机理,用划痕法对结合强度进行了表征分析。结果表明,涂层主要是由TiN、TiC和C原子组成,其中TiN和TiC提高了涂层硬度,C原子改善了涂层摩擦润滑性能;涂层中N原子分数超过C原子分数,界面结合处发生了相互扩散,涂层中C原子扩散量最大,基体中Si原子扩散量最大,涂层与基体形成了冶金结合,利用划痕法测定TiCN涂层结合强度为79.6 N     

TD处理制备VC涂层-基体元素扩散与界面特征

采用热扩散(TD)处理法在冷作模具Cr12MoV表面通过热辐射扩散处理制备了VC涂层,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和XRD等手段对涂层表面组织结构进行了分析,对结合界面化学元素线能谱进行了分析,并对相互扩散后的冶金结合机理进行了讨论。结果表明,VC涂层是由C和V原子组成,其孔度组织面积百分比为5.71%,晶粒平均直径0.42μm;VC涂层结合界面处化学元素发生了相互扩散,促进冶金结合的形成,其结合强度为47.1 N;热辐射元素扩散过程为涂层中V和C原子向界面和近界面基体扩散,Cr原子主要来自于基体中Cr向涂层中扩散,Si和Mo原子含量没有明显的扩散现象,Fe原子从基体中高含量降低到涂层中低含量,Fe原子热扩散过程被抑制。     

离子渗氮对Cr12MoV表面CrNiTiN镀层耐磨性和表面能的影响

在经过离子渗氮(PN)处理的冷作模具钢Cr12MoV基体上,采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀法制备CrNiTiN镀层,与未渗氮的试样进行了膜/基结合力、耐磨性和表面能的对比。研究表明,CrNiTiN膜层具有较低的表面能,但是膜层和基体的结合力较差。Cr12MoV钢经离子氮化后,CrNiTiN膜层与氮化层间结合紧密,提高了膜与基体的承载能力;离子氮化处理使膜层的摩擦系数和磨损率明显降低;离子氮化会提高CrNiTiN膜层总表面能,但不会影响表面的抗粘性能。     

Nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings for hard particle erosion resistance

This paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of titanium chromium nitride ((Ti,Cr)N) thin films deposited onto AM355 stainless steel by multi-source cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (PVD) for improved erosion resistance. The effect of Cr evaporator current and substrate bias on the erosion resistance of the (Ti,Cr)N coating were investigated. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scratch adhesion testing and erosion testing. The (Ti,Cr)N coatings deposited using multisource mode were determined to be nanolayered structures consisting of TiN rich and CrN rich layers. EPMA showed that the atomic percentage of Cr within the coating increased (increased Cr:Ti ratio) with increasing Cr evaporator current and that the (Ti,Cr)N chemical composition did not appear to change with varying bias. Using XRD and STEM, it was determined that all nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings were multi-phased consisting of a B1 NaCl crystal structure. XRD also revealed that as the Cr evaporator current was increased, there was an increase in the CrN phase volume. Macroparticle incorporation increased with an increase in Cr evaporator current and decreased with an increase in bias. The nanolayer (Ti,Cr)N coatings ranged in Vickers hardness from 1700 to 2800 VHN_0.050. Coating adhesion increased as Cr:Ti ratio increased. In regards to erosion, (Ti,Cr)N coatings with a high number of TiN/CrN interfaces performed poorly against alumina media. As the Cr evaporator current was varied, the coating deposited with the highest Cr:Ti ratio (evaporator current of 85 A) and when bias was varied, the lowest substrate bias of - 50 V had the best erosion performance.     

钛合金表面百微米级Ti/TiN多层复合涂层性能研究

目的提高TiN硬质涂层的厚度及各项力学性能。方法采用等离子增强PVD技术在钛合金(TC4)基体表面制备多层复合Ti/TiN涂层,对涂层进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析,采用划痕法表征涂层的结合强度,用维氏显微硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度,利用销盘式摩擦磨损试验仪评价涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果制备的多层复合Ti/TiN涂层厚度最高可达100μm,且未发生剥落等失效,结合强度相对于单层TiN提高了近3倍。由于Ti、TiN的多层复合调制作用,制备的Ti/TiN显微硬度测试表明复合涂层的显微硬度高达2700 HV0.025,同时,涂层在原有耐磨性能优良的基础上具备自润滑减摩作用,经过近20 000 m的磨损测试,复合涂层的摩擦系数低至0.25左右,且未完全失效。结论多层复合结构能够有效提高TiN硬质涂层的厚度,制备的Ti/TiN多层复合涂层的各项力学性能显著提高。     

脉冲偏压占空比对TiN/TiAlN多层薄膜微观结构和硬度的影响

目的研究脉冲偏压占空比对TiN/TiAlN多层薄膜微观结构和硬度的影响规律。方法利用脉冲偏压电弧离子镀的方法,改变脉冲偏压占空比,在M2高速钢表面制备5种TiN/TiAlN多层薄膜,对比研究了薄膜的微观结构、元素成分、相结构和硬度的变化规律。结果 TiN/TiAlN多层薄膜表面出现了电弧离子镀制备薄膜的典型生长形貌,随着脉冲偏压占空比的增加,薄膜表面的大颗粒数目明显减少。此外,脉冲偏压占空比的增加还引起多层薄膜中Al/Ti原子比的降低。结论 TiN/TiAlN多层薄膜主要以(111)晶面择优取向生长,此外还含有(311),(222)和(200)晶相结构。5种多层薄膜的纳米硬度均在33GPa以上,当脉冲偏压占空比为20%时,可实现超硬薄膜的制备。     

TiN/Ti(C,N)涂层的显微组织与力学性能

采用磁控溅射在TNMG120408型号的硬质合金刀片上沉积了TiN/Ti(C,N)单层与多层涂层,通过XRD、SEM、纳米压痕、划痕仪与冲击测试等方法,比较分析了TiN/Ti(C,N)涂层的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明,TiN单层涂层的晶粒形貌为典型的喇叭口结构,Ti(C,N)单层涂层为平直的柱状晶结构;而TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层为柱状晶结构,形成了TiN、Ti(C,N)交替排列的结构。TiN与Ti(C,N)单层涂层均呈(220)生长织构,而TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层呈(111)生长织构。Ti(C,N)单层涂层表现出较好的硬度,而TiN/Ti(C,N)多层涂层则表现出与基体更好的结合力。     

Effect of Substrate Type and Temperature on the Tribological Properties of MoS_x Coatings

SPUTTERING deposited MoSx coatings are often usedas a solid lubricant in space applications,where a lowcoefficient of friction and long lifetime of coating areneeded.But the lubricating properties and endurancelives of sputtered MoSx coatings are strongly dependenton the sputtering parameters and the substrateconditions.Spalvin[1]showed that three groups can be dividedabout the effect of temperature on the nucleation ofMoSx coatings:(1)amorphous(-195°C);(2)crystalline-amorphous(-195°C …     

32Cr2MoV钢氮化后离子镀TiN的摩擦磨损研究

对离子氮化后的32Cr2MoV钢进行离子镀TiN处理，并将其与离子氮化的32Cr2MoV试样在相同的条件下进行了滚动摩擦试验，比较了二者的磨损试验情况并分析了磨损机理。结果表明，离子氮化后表面沉积TiN能够使32Cr2MoV表面获得硬度梯度更合理的高硬度层，降低表面的摩擦系数，耐磨性明显高于离子氮化的32Cr2MoV。     

不同基体材料TD法盐浴渗钒层的组织及硬度

通过对45、T10、T12、W6Mo5Cr4V2、GCr15、Cr12MoV钢六种不同的基体进行盐浴渗钒,并对渗钒层的组织、厚度、成分和硬度进行测试比较。结果表明,基体化学成分对覆层的厚度、成分和硬度均有影响。基体中的固溶碳含量能促进覆层的生长,增加覆层厚度,提高覆层中的C/V浓度比,改善覆层硬度。而且,对覆层的能谱分析结果表明在碳素钢基体上的覆层中只含有C、V、Fe三种元素,而在合金钢基体上的覆层中还探测到了少量的来自基体的合金元素,这些合金元素向覆层中的扩散可以显著提高覆层的显微硬度。     

(Ti,Al)N单层和TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层的切削性能研究

借助EDX、SEM、强度测试和切削实验研究了采用磁控溅射在硬质合金基体上沉积的(Ti,Al)N单层和TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层的切削性能。研究表明,两种涂层均与基体结合紧密;TiN/(Ti,Al)N复合涂层则表现出更好的切削性能。     

Tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of TiN/TiCN/TiN multilayer coatings

This work employs the PVD process to deposit coatings of single layer TiN, binary layer TiN/TiCN, multilayer TiN⇔⇔N, and sequenced TiN⇔CN⇔N multilayer coatings with variable individual TiN-layer and TiCN-layer thicknesses on tungsten carbide disks and inserts. Also investigated are the fracture mechanisms and the influence of sequence and thickness of these coatings on cylinder-on-disk, line-contact wear mode and ball-on-disk, point-contact wear mode through SRV reciprocating wear tests. Actual milling tests identify wear performance. Experimental results indicate that the coating with a total thickness of 7 Μm and layer sequence TiN/TiCN/TiN exhibits good wear resistance on SRV wear test and milling test. The thickest multilayer TiN/Ti/TiN coating, although having the highest hardness, has the worst wear resistance for all tests. No-tably zero-wear performance was observed for all coating disks under cutting fluid lubricated condition due to the transferred layers formed between the contact interface.     

Structure and wear resistance of TiN and TiAlN coatings on AZ91 alloy deposited by multi-arc ion plating

In order to investigate the microstructure of TiN and TiAlN coatings and their effect on the wear resistance of Mg alloy, TiN and TiAlN coatings were deposited on AZ91 magnesium alloy by multi-arc ion plating technology. TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were prepared on the substrate, respectively, which exhibited dark golden color and compact microstructure. The microstructures of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-hardness and wear resistance of TiN and Ti70Al30N coatings were investigated in comparison with the uncoated AZ91 alloy. The XRD peaks assigned to TiN and TiAlN phases are found. The hardness of TiN coatings is two times as high as that of AZ91 alloy, and Ti70Al30N coating exhibits the highest hardness. The wear resistance of the hard coatings increases obviously as result of their high hardness.     

Improved properties of Ti-Al-N coating by multilayer structure

Multinary Ti-Al-N coatings are used for various applications where hard, wear and oxidation resistant materials are needed. Here, we prepare TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coatings with modulation period of ~ 20 nm in order to further improve the properties of Ti-Al-N coating. Annealing of both coatings up to 700 °C results in an increase in hardness due to the precipitation of cubic Al-rich domains by spinodal decomposition. Multilayer structure results in an increase in adhesion with substrates from ~ 72 N for Ti-Al-N single layer coating to 98 N for TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating. Additionally, the interfaces of TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coating retard the outward diffusion of metal atoms (Al and Ti) and inward diffusion of O while exposing coatings in air atmosphere with elevated temperature, and thus improve its oxidation resistance. An improved machining performance regardless of continuous cutting and milling is obtained by TiAlN/TiN nano-multilayer coated inserts, which can be attributed to the combined effects of higher adhesion with substrates and better oxidation resistance.     

等离子合成TiN渗镀层组织结构及耐蚀性研究

采用等离子合成TiN渗镀层方法,在碳钢表面形成TiN沉积层＋含TiN的扩散层组织,Ti和N原子由表及里呈梯度分布,表面是均匀、致密的TiN胞状组织,显微硬度在20 GPa～25 GPa之间;沉积层与基体之间有一扩散过渡区,结合力好,无剥落现象.X射线衍射结果表明：渗镀层表面为TiN层,(200)晶面的衍射峰最强,具有明显的择优取向.将TiN渗镀试样与不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti和Q235钢在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中进行电化学腐蚀对比实验表明：TiN渗镀层的耐蚀性能比不锈钢和Q235钢基体分别提高了1.4和4.2倍. 