铝电解槽电磁流强耦合仿真及其在新型阴极上的应用

已在工业应用的各新型阴极结构铝电解槽的电磁流场行为仍未完全明晰.论文首先在ANSYS平台上建立铝电解槽瞬态三维三相磁流体模型,并应用该模型对采用3种新型阴极结构的某420 kA槽开展电磁流场强耦合计算.结果表明,相较于普通阴极,3种新型阴极方案均可使槽内铝液、电解质流速下降,其中,凸台型阴极对应的电解质流速降幅较大,不利于氧化铝颗粒的熔解和扩散;在降低铝液-电解质界面波动方面,3种方案均有一定程度的效果,凸台型结构可使得界面大变形面积减小;此外,在电流效率上,应用凸台型阴极结构将使电流效率略微降低.该模型可为大型铝电解槽结构方案的选型提供基础工具.      

铝电解槽熔体涡运动对界面变形影响仿真研究

维持较小的铝电解槽内铝液—电解质界面变形对控制极距（ACD）进而降低电解能耗具有重要的意义。以某300 kA预焙阳极铝电解槽为例,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS和计算流体力学软件CFX进行了电磁流场仿真,解析得到铝液—电解质的界面变形和熔体涡结构分布情况。研究发现,界面在涡结构的内部区域下凹而在涡外部边缘则向上隆起,相邻大涡连接区域的界面隆起高度较大;提高槽内水平电磁力分布的对称性可使熔体涡运动更为均匀,也是减小界面波动并维持规则的界面变形的有效途径。     

降低水平电流减少铝液动态波动铝电解节能技术研究

通过计算机模拟仿真研究复合稳流综合节能技术对铝电解过程中阴极铝液内水平电流的影响。结果表明,以高导电方钢为核心的复合稳流综合节能技术可明显降低阴极铝液内水平电流大小,降低电解质-铝液界面变形,提高电解槽内磁流体的稳定性,以此来降低槽电压和提高电流效率,达到节能降耗的作用。为验证仿真模拟结果,在某企业300 kA系列电解槽进行复合稳流综合节能技术工业化试验,采用以高导电钢棒为核心的复合稳流综合节能技术,电解槽内水平电流降低明显,获得了非常小的铝液界面变形量,电解槽生产运行稳定性明显提高,吨铝直流电耗较系列传统槽、201技术槽、双钢棒技术槽都低。     

电解槽内异型凸台对电解质/铝液界面波动的影响

针对铝电解槽内电解质/铝液界面的波动现象,基于计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法建立了铝电解槽内电解质/铝液两相流体流动的数学模型.使用Fluent软件的流体体积自由面跟踪法和自定义函数,研究了阴极凸台对电解质/铝液界面波动的影响.结果表明,异型凸台的加入使得两相界面的波动幅度降低了17.2%,但凸台的存在同时也使得熔体对侧部槽帮冲刷增强.     

大中型预焙电解槽磁场设计浅析

前言 对于大型铝电解槽磁场的研究,其目的是为了提高电解槽磁流体的稳定性,铝电解槽的稳定性是电解槽取得高电流效率和低电耗的基础。一个生产效率高的电解槽必然具备：（1）热的稳定：主要是热平衡和恒定的电解质温度及其规整的槽帮形状;（2）电解槽的稳定,即槽内熔体流动（特别是电解质／铝液界面）和波动规律的稳定,它反映在槽电压的稳定性上。而电解槽的稳定又取决于三大因素：第一、设计,即磁场,槽结构和阴阳极参数的优化与选择;第二、生产管理和工艺技术条件的优化;第三、计算机控制技术。从设计上来讲,     

300kA新式异型阴极双钢棒铝电解槽生产实践

300kA新式异型阴极双钢棒铝电解槽可有效减缓铝液的流动、大幅降低铝液水平电流、降低铝液和电解质界面变形的波形幅度、提高电解槽的稳定性、降低电解槽的工作极距,同时使槽侧部由原来的散热型改为保温型来维持电解槽的热平衡。在保证电解槽平稳高效生产的前提下,电流效率比普通异型阴极电解槽高1个百分点以上,吨铝直流电耗降低400kWh。     

300 kA铝电解槽电磁流场数值计算研究

本文基于某铝厂300 kA铝电解槽基本结构及尺寸,运用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立铝电解槽电、磁、流场模型,对该铝厂铝电解槽进行数值仿真计算。电解质层中电流主要为垂直分布,铝液层电流出现较大的水平方向分量值;磁场x方向沿短轴为反对称分布,y方向沿长轴大体上呈现反对称分布,z方向大体上沿长轴呈反对称分布;铝液-电解质界面最大隆起高度为3.28 cm。探究了铝电解槽电磁流场分布情况,为铝电解槽节能降耗生产提供理论指导。     

铝电解槽磁流体数值仿真计算研究

根据磁流体力学的相关理论和铝电解槽内的磁流体特征,建立铝电解槽磁流体计算模型,利用该模型对x方向磁场作用下的二维双阳极下的磁流体流动进行数值计算,分析极距变化和磁场强度对磁流体界面波动的影响:极距的增大有利于磁流体界面波动的稳定,磁场强度增大到一定程度时会引起阳极底掌和铝液的短路,同时导致界面的剧烈波动。     

电解槽中无铝液进行电解时阴极表面炭的侵蚀与脱落

研究了铝电解槽阴极碳块表面在电解过程中被电解质侵蚀而脱落的情况,探讨了其被侵蚀脱落的机理。得出电解过程中当阴极没有铝液存在时,电解槽的阴极表面被电解质严重侵蚀并脱落掉渣。电解时测定不同极距下的槽电压,研究了不同电解质高度上的电解质熔体导电性能的变化,得出:电解开始时槽内电解质熔体的导电性能是均一的;电解一段时间后电解质熔体的电阻改变很大。这是由电解过程中有金属产物从阴极表面溶解,脱落的炭渣以及阳极气体在电解质熔体中的溶解等综合因素引起的。     

40 kA制钠电解槽流场的模拟研究

电解质在阳极气泡和阴极钠液浮力的作用下在制钠电解槽内循环流动,是典型的气—液—液三相流动。使用FLUENT软件建立40kA制钠电解槽三维流场的数学模型,通过计算得到了电解槽内气泡、钠液的浓度和速度分布情况,以及熔盐的流场分布图。     

Simulation of Magnetohydrodynamic Multiphase Flow Phenomena and Interface Fluctuation in Aluminum Electrolytic Cell with Innovative Cathode

A three-dimensional (3D) transient mathematical model has been developed to understand the effect of innovative cathode on molten cryolite (bath)/molten aluminum (metal) interface fluctuation as well as energy-saving mechanism in aluminum electrolytic cell with innovative cathode. Based on the finite element method, the steady charge conservation law, Ohm’s law, and steady-state Maxwell’s equations were solved in order to investigate electric current field, magnetic field, and electromagnetic force (EMF) field. Then, an inhomogeneous multiphase flow model of three phases including bath, metal, and gas bubbles, based on the finite volume method, was implemented using the Euler/Euler approach to investigate melt motion and bath/metal interface fluctuation. EMF was incorporated into the momentum equations of bath and metal as a source term. Additionally, the interphase drag force was employed to consider different phase interactions. Thus, present work owns three main features: (1) magnetohydrodynamic multiphase flow are demonstrated in detail both in aluminum electrolytic cell with traditional cathode and innovative cathode; (2) bath/metal interface fluctuation due to different driving forces of gas bubbles, EMF, and the combined effect of the two driving forces is investigated, which is critical to the energy saving; and (3) the effect of innovative cathode on melt flow and motion of gas bubbles. A good agreement between the predicated results and measurement is obtained. The velocity difference leading to the melt oscillation decreases due to more uniform flow field. The average velocity of metal in the cell with innovative cathode decreases by approximately 33.98 pct. The gas bubbles in the cell with innovative cathode releases more quickly under the effect of protrusion on the cathode. The average bubble release frequency increases from 1.1 to 1.98 Hz. Hence, the voltage drop caused by gas bubbles would decrease significantly. In addition, the two large vortices are broken into many small vortices due to the protrusion. The final disappearance of the small vortices as a result of viscous dissipation is conducive to the suppression of bath/metal interface fluctuation. The average interface amplitude in the cell with innovative cathode reduces to 75.95 pct of that in the cell with traditional cathode.     

电解质过热度对铝电解槽物理场的影响

电解质的过热度与铝电解槽槽膛内形的形成有很大的关系，而且对铝电解槽的物理场也有很重要的影响。为此，以国内最具代表性的郑州龙祥铝业有限公司154kA侧部四点进电铝电解槽为研究对象，具体分析了电解质过热度对铝电解槽电场、磁场和流场的影响，研究发现电解质过热度对阴、阳极电流分布、铝液层电位差、铝液平均磁感应强度几乎无影响；但是随着电解质过热度的增加，铝液层电流密度减小，而铝液最大流谏和平均流速将有所增大。     

114．5kA导流槽铝液流场数值模拟研究

以商用有限元流体计算软件CFX为计算平台,对114．5kA导流型铝电解槽由电磁力引起的对铝液流动和波动的影响进行了模拟计算。结果表明,导流型电解槽铝液平均流速较传统电解槽降低了50％,在铝液填满沟槽的极限情况下,聚铝沟内铝液界面波动的最大隆起值为1．04cm,较传统槽的3．1cm有较大幅度的降低,当铝液低于沟槽2cm的一般情况下,铝液波动0．58cm,这时铝液不会溢出沟槽。     

5kA级惰性阳极铝电解槽流场仿真研究

针对铝电解槽流场计算方法的不足,率先提出一种用于铝电解槽流场仿真计算的间接耦合方法,并使用此方法对5 kA级惰性阳极铝电解槽分别在电磁力、阳极气体、电磁力和阳极气体共同作用下的电解质和铝液流场分布情况进行了仿真计算。计算表明,计算方法能够合理计算出电解质和铝液在任一体积力作用下的流场分布。5 kA级惰性阳极铝电解槽电解质流动主要受阳极气体控制,铝液流动主要受电磁力控制。电解质在仅电磁力作用、仅阳极气体作用、电磁力和阳极气体共同作用下的平均流速分别为1.784 cm/s、3.657 cm/s、3.814 cm/s,铝液平均流速分别为1.295 cm/s、3.509 cm/s、3.696 cm/s。     

Recent studies of convection in commercial aluminum reduction cells

Convection rates and patterns in the bath electrolyte and the cathode metal of 150 kA prebaked anode aluminum reduction cells have been studied by means of radioactive tracers. Gamma radiation probes have been used for a continuousin situ determination of the radiotracer activity in the bath and liquid metal. The measurements are compared with predicted convection patterns from model magnetodynamic calculations for both magnetically compensated and uncompensated reduction cells. The measurements give evidence of a strong coupling between the convection currents in the metal and bath phases. The recorded activity vs time data further allow an estimation of the degree of turbulence in the reduction cells. From these investigations attempts are made to correlate data from the convection studies with current efficiency, as determined by the method of isotope dilution. The same method has also been used to determine liquid bath volume and the melting-out of solid bath electrolyte during periods with anode effect.     

基于CFD的平行流铜电解槽槽型优化设计

以平行流铜电解槽为对象,ANSYS软件为平台,对不同进液方式下电解槽槽内流场分布进行数值模拟。结果表明,进液方式对平行流电解槽极间电解液的流动有重要影响,与下部分段进液槽型和上部交错进液槽型相比,下部交错进液槽型具有较大的极间电解液流动速度与较均匀的速度场。