江苏地区近期垂直形变特征与地震

本文依据《江苏地区垂直形变图》、《江苏地区垂直形变速率图》及跨断裂剖面水准等有关资料,分析研究了江苏地区二十多年来地壳垂直形变特征后认为:本区现今地壳运动基本上继承了新构造运动的特征;形变受主要活动构造带控制,在某些断裂的复合部位形变差异明显。并据此对未来地震危险区作了估计:郯庐带中南段,特别是嘉山、五河、盱眙一带强震背景不容忽视;茅山断裂带,特别是溧阳老震区附近,仍有发生中强地震的背景条件;盐城沿海一带及其海域亦应引起重视。     

甘宁青地区现今构造形变异常与地震

通过对甘宁青地区大地垂直形变，断层形变和GPS水平形变测量资料的处理分析。结合地质构造和有形变资料积累以来本区域多次中，强地震活动，对本区现今构造形变异常与中强以上地震蕴育的一些特征进行了初步研究和探讨。结果表明：（1）甘宁青监测区主要断裂附近构造形变相对强烈；垂直差异运动强度和变形态势随时间演变，水平运动变形呈明显的挤压走滑特征。（2）本区构造形变与地震蕴育的主控应力来自青藏块体持续NE向挤压运动；构造形变和地震活动的时空分布演化与块体活动及区域构造应力场动态演化密切相关。（3）区域构造块体边界地带出现的异常隆起与高梯度形变带及显著的断层形变异常，是蕴育中，强震的标志，但地震并不一定发生在幅度最大的部位，而往往发生在断层形变异常呈现“趋势积累－加速－转折”变化特征的地段及附近，在此基础上，对研究区强震危险性进行了初步预测。     

陕甘宁青地区的地形变特征与强震活动

分析了陕甘宁青地区的地壳形变特征及其与强震的关系．结果表明：(1)地壳形变特征存在时空差异性。不同地区地形变活动强弱与其至主要边界断裂带的距离存在相关性，主要边界断裂带附近地区相对活动强烈，远处则减弱。(2)不同时期各断层地形变活动强弱不同，既和构造应力场的变化有关，又与地震活动关系密切；断层垂直形变的逆继承性构造运动的活动时期远小于继承性构造运动的活动时期，且不同区域地壳构造运动发生转折的时间不尽相同，同时断层形变前兆异常亦存在时空差异性。(3)多场地、大范围的断层活动异常可能与强震活动相呼应。     

六盘山及其邻区现今大地垂直形变与构造活动研究

以六盘山及其邻近地区1970年以来的水准网监测及跨断裂水准测量资料为主,结合GPS水平运动、区域构造和历史强震活动,研究该区域现今大地垂直形变与地壳构造活动特征。分析认为：1）六盘山及其邻区较长时间尺度垂直形变速度场显示的六盘山、西秦岭以及贺兰山等山地相对上升、盆地相对下降的山、盆垂直构造活动差异,体现了该区域现代地壳垂直运动所呈现的继承性趋势特征;2）区域水准垂直形变与GPS水平运动变形综合反映,六盘山、西秦岭等山区现今地壳挤压缩短强烈地带,垂直隆升也相对显著,2者具有一定的共生性特征;3）GPS水平运动速度场在六盘山断裂两侧西强、东弱差异所反映的区域水平运动受阻状态,与六盘山断裂两侧垂直差异活动状况相配合,在一定程度上反映了六盘山构造带应变积累程度较高。这些结果对于该区域未来强震活动研究具有参考价值。     

南海北缘北东东向构造活动性研究

从地形地貌特征、重磁地球物理场、深部构造与断裂构造以及地震活动、震源机制等多方面论述北东东向构造是南海北缘的主要活动构造。对于长期以来认为新华夏系北东向构造是该区主要活动构造的观点来说，这是一种新的学术思想。     

丽江7.0级和唐山7.8级地震前形变场动态演化与异常特征

对１９９６年丽江７．０级和１９７６年唐山７．８级地震前的形变场动态演化过程做了对比分析，结果表明：①两次强震前形变场均存在大范围垂直差异运动增强以及与构造相关的形变高梯度带（区）；②震前数年（或更长）垂直形变场的趋势改变，并出现形变局部化。结合强震前区域地震活动，研究了这两次地震前垂直形变场动态演化与孕震形变的异常特征，认为与构造相关的强烈差异运动是孕震应变能积累的主要方式。     

中国大陆地壳垂直运动高梯度区与强震危险区发震概率估计

概述了中国大陆地壳垂直形变速率梯度的分布特征，统计了１９６０～１９９３年间大陆Ｍ≥６．０级地震与高梯度区的对应关系．从构造物理的角度论证了形变速率高梯度区是未来可能的强震危险区，采用贝叶斯公式估算了主要地震危险区的发震概率。     

华北地区强震前地壳垂直形变和重力异常

分析总结了唐山、大同和张北3次强震前地壳垂直形变异常和重力异常的相似特征，即震前均表现为地壳垂直形变正异常和重力正异常。大陆动力学的解释是由于深部上地幔的隆起造成的，大同地震与唐山地震、张北地震具有相似的孕震机理。华北强震的孕育与发生可能都与地幔热物质上涌有关，这可能是板内地震最主要的成因。要特别注意地幔隆起区内的高导层与深大断裂的交叉部位，延怀地区可能是未来强震发育的危险地区。     

华北区华夏系深断裂形迹及其控震作用

在华北平原地壳深部隐伏着北东向深断裂构造形迹。它们控制着华北区现代强震活动,是华夏系的构造成分。     

北祁连-河西地区垂直形变场演化与地震活动关系研究

基于 1972～ 2 0 0 0年北祁连 -河西地区的垂直形变观测资料 ,分析研究了该区垂直形变场的演化及其与地震的关系 ,得到如下结论 :1本区构造运动近 30年来的演化过程为逆继承性运动 -继承性运动增强 -持续继承性运动 -逆继承性运动 -继承性运动这样一个“旋回”过程 ,继承性运动是构造运动的总趋势 ;2垂直形变场演化与地震活动强弱存在一定的相关性 ,但地震活动强弱明显“滞后”于地壳运动 ;31995～ 2 0 0 0年构造运动恢复继承性运动 ,且山区与盆地的差异性运动较 1989～ 1995年有所增强 ,表明本区构造应力场有强化趋势 ,未来几年祁连构造带中东段有发生中强地震的可能。     

Preliminary study on plasma membrane fluidity of Psychrophilic Yeast Rhodotorula sp.NJ298 in low temperature

The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose     

JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA

<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail     

Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo-     

Hydraulics and Hydrology in Mountain Areas

<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a     

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a