绳系卫星编队动力学及控制研究进展

对空间绳系卫星编队构形进行了分类,阐述了编队构形的稳定性特征.对系统自旋运动、系绳振动及L2平动点附近周期运动进行分析,指出系统展开/回收过程、卫星刚体姿态的动力学行为及控制方法.最后,对绳系卫星编队系统的研究及发展进行概括和总结.     

带可控臂的绳系卫星短距释放实验研究

通过绳系卫星轨道面内运动的天-地动力学相似,利用地面物理仿真平台实验研究绳系卫星短距离释放的控制问题.首先建立带控制臂的绳系卫星系统非线性动力学方程,获得天-地动力学相似条件,采用比例-微分反馈控制方法,对受控绳系卫星的姿态运动进行数值仿真.其次,利用地面物理仿真平台实现绳系卫星的天-地动力学相似环境,通过单根刚性臂实现卫星姿态运动和系绳摆动的两自由度运动控制.实验和数值对比结果表明,借助控制臂可以有效的对绳系卫星的释放进行控制.     

基于非线性单元模型的绳系卫星系统动力学

建立连续绳系卫星系统的离散的可变自由度有限维动力学模型,描述其长时间空间大范围运动.绳系卫星系统为复杂的非线性动力学系统.考虑了系绳的黏弹性、分布质量和空间位形,使得建立的改进珠式模型能够细致地描述系绳的纵横向振动.根据绳索只能受拉而不能抗压的特性引入了系绳单元的松弛模型,准确反映系绳真实受力情况.研究了系统自由度改变...     

空间绳系机器人抓捕目标过程协同稳定控制

针对空间绳系机器人抓捕无控目标过程中的自身稳定控制问题,提出一种操作机械臂主动阻尼控制与利用空间系绳、反作用轮进行基体姿态稳定控制相结合的协同稳定控制方法.文中首先建立了空间绳系机器人抓捕目标的动力学模型及与目标的接触碰撞模型,分析了抓捕过程中空间绳系机器人及目标的运动状态,在此基础上设计了操作机械臂关节主动阻尼控制律以减小碰撞力对操作机械臂末端的冲击,结合基体姿态的变化设计了滑模姿态稳定控制律,通过空间系绳和反作用轮提供基体所需的滑模姿态控制力矩.在抓捕目标仿真过程中对关节主动阻尼控制方法和所提出的协同稳定控制方法进行比较分析,结果表明,本文提出的抓捕目标协同稳定控制方法能很好地稳定操作机械臂和基体,且空间系绳对基体及目标的扰动影响很小,达到了空间绳系机器人抓捕目标时自身稳定的要求.     

空间绳系机器人大角度姿态机动控制

空间绳系机器人在非合作目标捕获/操作方面应用前景十分美好.研究绳系机器人优化控制问题,针对系绳干扰和大角度测量误差下的大角度姿态机动控制难题,建立包括运动学/动力学模型、执行机构模型、干扰模型的空间绳系机器人大角度姿态机动模型,并在Lyapunov原理的指导下,基于动态RBF神经网络理论和自适应控制理论设计了四元数反馈控制器,并进行仿真验证.仿真结果表明,机器人姿态机动速度快,稳态精度高,能够满足空间绳系机器人下一步操作的需求,为空间绳系机器人的精确操作提供了依据,为未来在轨服务技术的发展奠定理论基础.     

考虑空间系绳释放特性的空间绳系机器人协调耦合控制

针对空间绳系机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出考虑系绳释放特性的跟踪轨迹协调控制方法.该方法考虑系绳释放的动力学特性,在最优轨迹规划过程中将系绳释放速度作为一个规划量,将系绳释放机构的转矩作为一个控制输入,结合操作机器人上推力器控制输入设计协调耦合位姿控制器.该方法的优点是控制输入易于施加,可工程实现系绳协调控制.仿真结果表明,操作机器人能精确跟踪最优轨迹,末端误差为±0.1 m,且能有效跟踪期望姿态,精度在±0.2°.     

空间绳系机器人目标抓捕鲁棒自适应控制器设计

针对空间绳系机器人（Tethered space robot,TSR）目标抓捕过程中的稳定控制问题,建立空间绳系机器人系统模型,根据阻抗控制原理,设计基于位置的阻抗控制方法;针对空间绳系机器人系统的模型不确定性问题,利用神经网络对不确定性进行估计补偿,设计鲁棒项对空间系绳干扰和神经网络估计误差的影响进行抑制,在此基础上设计空间绳系机器人目标抓捕鲁棒自适应稳定控制器,并进行稳定性证明.最后对设计的控制器进行仿真验证.作为对比,对无鲁棒项自适应的稳定控制器进行仿真.仿真结果表明,设计的基于阻抗控制的鲁棒自适应控制可以实现对空间绳系机器人目标抓捕过程中的稳定控制,与无鲁棒项自适应的稳定控制器仿真结果相比,本文采用的鲁棒自适应控制方法可以有效地对不确定性进行补偿,控制过程中超调量更小,收敛时间更短,并且控制精度更高.     

系留绳回收过程动力学仿真研究

在航天工程中,系留绳回收技术有广泛的应用前景,通过系留绳可完成太空垃圾或废弃卫星的清理与回收。为了模拟仿真分析系留绳回收过程,分析回收过程中平台和目标的相对姿态变化及系绳内力变化,基于有限段思想,将绳索简化为半质量阻尼弹簧模型,建立了系留绳回收过程的动力学模型,分析了回收过程中系留绳的内力分布,并开展了有限段模型与刚性杆模型的对比分析。最终研究结果表明,使用半质量阻尼弹簧模型对系绳进行分段仿真模拟,能够充分体现了系绳的柔性材料特质,比较准确地仿真系留绳回收过程,对空间回收技术研究具有一定参考价值。     

基于保辛算法的绳系卫星系统闭环反馈控制问题求解

应用非线性系统滚动时域控制的保辛算法求解绳系卫星系统子星释放和回收过程的闭环反馈控制问题.通过第二类Lagrange方程推导出二体绳系卫星系统的动力学方程;通过拟线性化方法将绳系卫星系统闭环反馈控制问题转化为线性非齐次Hamilton系统两端边值问题的迭代求解;通过保辛算法将线性非齐次Hamilton两端边值问题转化为线性方程组的求解;通过递进更新时间步的状态变量和控制变量,完成绳系卫星系统的闭环反馈控制.数值仿真表明:相对于Legendre伪谱方法,用保辛算法求解绳系卫星系统的闭环反馈控制问题的计算速度和收敛速度较快.绳系卫星系统的开环控制和闭环反馈控制问题数值仿真结果表明:在绳系卫星的初始状态存在偏差的情况下,使用开环控制会导致系统在终端无法达到稳定状态,而使用闭环反馈控制则能在一段时间内抵消初始状态向量偏差对系统产生的影响,最终达到稳定状态.     

空间系绳系统展开的滑模变结构控制

为了增强空间系绳系统展开过程的抗干扰性,本文提出了空间系绳系统展开运动轨迹跟踪的滑模变结构控制方法.考虑大气摄动和无模型摄动建立了空间系绳系统展开运动动力学模型.基于遗传算法,针对两阶段展开方式,采用最优振荡阻尼张力控制律和等分时张力控制律设计了展开运动标称轨迹.为了实现轨迹的鲁棒跟踪,采用考虑展开长度的等效控制和连续函数幂次趋近律切换控制设计了滑模变结构控制器.仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法有效增强了空间系绳系统展开运动的动态性能及鲁棒性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。