理想多自由度无相互作用费米气体系统的量子纠缠

对理想的具有自旋1/2和赝旋1/2两自由度费米气体系统的两体纠缠进行研究.结果表明:态空间的扩大,导致系统不超过4个费米子间的两体纠缠表现出类似于自旋1/2自由度的费米气体系统中两费米子间的纠缠分布,而完全不同于其对应的多个费米子间的约化两体纠缠分布;系统两费米子间纠缠存在的相对距离比单个自旋1/2自由度系统时增加了约1.7倍,并且由于两费米子间任一自由度的子纠缠始终为零,因此其中一个自由度的两费米子的子纠缠或量子关联来自于系统的相互作用.     

关于表象变换的一点注解

分别研究了自旋算符及其本征函数从Sz表象到Sx表象的变换.研究表明,利用由^Sx的本征函数的表象变换式计算得到的变换矩阵和喀兴林(1988)中的变换方法进行自旋分量算符的变换,变换结果中出现一个与^Sx和^Sz的对易关系不相融洽的负号;此外,该变换矩阵不能应用于^Sz或者^Sy的本征函数从Sz表象到Sx表象的变换.阐明了一个算符及其本征函数的表象变换矩阵应该由该算符自己的本征函数从旧表象到新表象的变换定义式确定.     

两个电子的自旋态和自旋算符

本文给出两个电子的自旋态和各种自旋算符在无耦合表象和耦合表象中的矩阵表示式,也给出在两电子自旋相互作用可以忽略的条件下的另一种数学表示方式,即把两个电子的自旋态表示为两个二行一列矩阵(一个电子的自旋态矢量)并列的写在了一起.     

自旋算符的取值及其运算

从力学量自旋的特殊性带来了自旋算符取值及独自的一套交换方式．本文介绍自旋算符在各分量的表象中的变换形式及其取值．     

玻色子体系的Bogoliubov变换

对于满足反对易关系的费米子体系,Bogoliubov变换是幺正变换,可以直接对体系哈密顿量进行矩阵对角化,而玻色子体系满足对易关系,不能直接进行矩阵对角化.本文以玻色子体系为研究对象,通过对哈密顿量进行改造,实现对角化,使其在自身表象下表示,并且此方法可以推广至高维自旋系统.     

复合粒子表象~(20)O基态波函数

讨论复合粒子表象理论（CPRT）的波函数，并计算20O基态CPRT的波函数，结果表明，其费米子空间部分就是壳模型波函数．由此进一步表明复合粒子表象完全等价于通常的量子力学表象。     

费米相干态的新特性

本文给出费米子相干态的两个新特性,一、费米子相干态具有两重性,即同一个费米子产生(或消灭)算符均存在两个性质完全不同的相干态。二、费米子相干态的本征值具有不定性,即费米子相干态的本征值可以是几个Grassmann数的乘积。     

任意力学量表象之间的关系

文章详细推导了任意力学量表象之间波函数的变换关系、任意力学量表象中的平均值公式和任意力学量表象之间算符的变换关系,并对其意义进行了解释和说明。     

若干量子幺正算符的构造及其应用

基于物理学中的一系列经典变换,利用坐标本征矢和动量本征矢的Fock表示,通过构造不对称积分引入了一系列量子力学算符,包括宇称算符、平移算符、压缩算符及经典坐标、动量变换对应的算符等.利用坐标表象及动量表象的完备性条件和正交性关系,证明了其幺正性及变换特性.作为应用,利用坐标—动量变换算符精确求解了坐标—动量耦合谐振子的动力学问题.     

Fe3O4(0O1)表面第一性原理计算

通过第一性原理,基于密度泛函理论框架下的全势线性缀加平面波方法,分别对Fe3O4(001)表面两个不同的模型A模型(以四面体内的Fe为终端)和B模型(以八面体内的Fe和O为终端)进行研究,首先通过驰豫找到最优的原子位置,然后分别通过对两个不同模型态密度和能带的计算得出A模型自旋向上和自旋向下费米能级附近都有电子占据失去了半金属性,B模型费米能级附近自旋向下有电子占据,而自旋向上费米能级处有个明显的带隙,所以仍然保持半金属性,从能带中可以看出A模型半金属性的破坏是由于其表面态的影响.     

The Lifting Scheme Based on the Second Generation Wavelets

0 IntroductionTfhaect w tahvaetl e,t“ twheaovreyle thsas ar mea noypt ip rmoaple rbtaiseess w fhoirch coremspurltesisnintghe,esti mating,and recoveringfunctions”[1]. The traditional wave-let defined as the dyadic translates and dilates of one particularfunction, which relies on the Fourier transform, suitable forregular sampling data. But it is helpless for the application ofli mit region,curve surface and not-even sampling. Then W.Sweldens[1]and other researchers develop some other method…     

用两比特海森堡XY模型实现量子稠密编码

文章主要研究在有限温度下,外加磁场和DM相互作用对两比特海森堡XY模型中实现量子稠密编码的影响。通过稠密编码的信道容量表达式分析了每个参数对稠密编码的影响并且发现平均耦合常数J-,DM相互作用和各向异性参数J＋对稠密编码起积极作用。均匀磁场B和非均匀磁场b对稠密编码起消极作用。     

Electrical detection of spin precession in a metallic mesoscopic spin valve

To study and control the behaviour of the spins of electrons that are moving through a metal or semiconductor is an outstanding challenge in the field of 'spintronics', where possibilities for new electronic applications based on the spin degree of freedom are currently being explored. Recently, electrical control of spin coherence and coherent spin precession during transport was studied by optical techniques in semiconductors. Here we report controlled spin precession of electrically injected and detected electrons in a diffusive metallic conductor, using tunnel barriers in combination with metallic ferromagnetic electrodes as spin injector and detector. The output voltage of our device is sensitive to the spin degree of freedom only, and its sign can be switched from positive to negative, depending on the relative magnetization of the ferromagnetic electrodes. We show that the spin direction can be controlled by inducing a coherent spin precession caused by an applied perpendicular magnetic field. By inducing an average precession angle of 180 degrees, we are able to reverse the sign of the output voltage.     

Gate-voltage control of spin interactions between electrons and nuclei in a semiconductor.

Semiconductors are ubiquitous in device electronics, because their charge distributions can be conveniently manipulated with voltages to perform logic operations. Achieving a similar level of control over the spin degrees of freedom, either from electrons or nuclei, could provide intriguing prospects for both information processing and the study of fundamental solid-state physics issues. Here we report procedures that carry out the controlled transfer of spin angular momentum between electrons-confined to two dimensions and subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field-and the nuclei of the host semiconductor, using gate voltages only. We show that the spin transfer rate can be enhanced near a ferromagnetic ground state of the electron system, and that the induced nuclear spin polarization can be subsequently stored and 'read out'. These techniques can also be combined into a spectroscopic tool to detect the low-energy collective excitations in the electron system that promote the spin transfer. The existence of such excitations is contingent on appropriate electron-electron correlations, and these can be tuned by changing, for example, the electron density via a gate voltage.     

Universal spin transport in a strongly interacting Fermi gas

Transport of fermions, particles with half-integer spin, is central to many fields of physics. Electron transport runs modern technology, defining states of matter such as superconductors and insulators, and electron spin is being explored as a new carrier of information. Neutrino transport energizes supernova explosions following the collapse of a dying star, and hydrodynamic transport of the quark-gluon plasma governed the expansion of the early Universe. However, our understanding of non-equilibrium dynamics in such strongly interacting fermionic matter is still limited. Ultracold gases of fermionic atoms realize a pristine model for such systems and can be studied in real time with the precision of atomic physics. Even above the superfluid transition, such gases flow as an almost perfect fluid with very low viscosity when interactions are tuned to a scattering resonance. In this hydrodynamic regime, collective density excitations are weakly damped. Here we experimentally investigate spin excitations in a Fermi gas of (6)Li atoms, finding that, in contrast, they are maximally damped. A spin current is induced by spatially separating two spin components and observing their evolution in an external trapping potential. We demonstrate that interactions can be strong enough to reverse spin currents, with components of opposite spin reflecting off each other. Near equilibrium, we obtain the spin drag coefficient, the spin diffusivity and the spin susceptibility as a function of temperature on resonance and show that they obey universal laws at high temperatures. In the degenerate regime, the spin diffusivity approaches a value set by [planck]/m, the quantum limit of diffusion, where [planck]/m is Planck's constant divided by 2π and m the atomic mass. For repulsive interactions, our measurements seem to exclude a metastable ferromagnetic state.     

光晶格中自旋3/2超冷费米原子的Mott绝缘态及其量子相变

我们首先简要介绍了超冷原子和光晶格,然后利用推广的单带Hubbard模型讨论了二维正方光晶格中自旋3/2费米型超冷原子体系中的几种Mott绝缘态,其中该系统的自旋自由度具有较大SO(5)对称性.对于对称性破缺的自旋四极矩有序态和自旋偶极-八极矩共存有序态,我们详细研究了系统的低能集体激发模式-Goldstone玻色激发的具体行为.在SU(4)对称点附近,我们发现强烈的量子涨落可能会演生出一个SU(4)π通量的自旋液体态.对此,我们还分析了这两种奇异量子态之间可能存在的量子相变.     

Kondo resonance in a single-molecule transistor

When an individual molecule, nanocrystal, nanotube or lithographically defined quantum dot is attached to metallic electrodes via tunnel barriers, electron transport is dominated by single-electron charging and energy-level quantization. As the coupling to the electrodes increases, higher-order tunnelling and correlated electron motion give rise to new phenomena, including the Kondo resonance. To date, all of the studies of Kondo phenomena in quantum dots have been performed on systems where precise control over the spin degrees of freedom is difficult. Molecules incorporating transition-metal atoms provide powerful new systems in this regard, because the spin and orbital degrees of freedom can be controlled through well-defined chemistry. Here we report the observation of the Kondo effect in single-molecule transistors, where an individual divanadium molecule serves as a spin impurity. We find that the Kondo resonance can be tuned reversibly using the gate voltage to alter the charge and spin state of the molecule. The resonance persists at temperatures up to 30 K and when the energy separation between the molecular state and the Fermi level of the metal exceeds 100 meV.     

3-SPS/PPS并联机构运动学分析

为了实现一种空间上三维转动和两维平移的运动形式,提出了一种3-SPS/PPS为构型的五自由度并联机构,该机构的驱动支链为SPS支链,约束支链为PPS支链.应用螺旋理论对3-SPS/PPS并联机构的支链进行了理论分析,对并联机构的自由度进行计算,求出了并联机构位置方程的表达式.通过三维建模软件建立了3-SPS/PPS并联机构的模型,利用ADAMS软件进行运动仿真分析,从而得到了3-SPS/PPS并联机构在逆解下的位移曲线变化图,同时得到了在正解下的位移、速度和加速度运动曲线图,验证了3-SPS/PPS并联机构的自由度,为并联机构的应用提供了理论参考.     

Skyrmions in a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate.

Multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates provide opportunities to explore experimentally the wealth of physics associated with the spin degrees of freedom. The ground-state properties and line-like vortex excitations of these quantum systems have been studied theoretically. In principle, nontrivial spin textures consisting of point-like topological excitations, or skyrmions, could exist in a multi-component Bose-Einstein condensate, owing to the superfluid nature of the gas. Although skyrmion excitations are already known in the context of nuclear physics and the quantum-Hall effect, creating these excitations in an atomic condensate would offer an opportunity to study their physical behaviour in much greater detail, while also enabling an ab initio comparison between theory and experiment. Here we investigate theoretically the stability of skyrmions in a fictitious spin-1/2 condensate of 87Rb atoms. We find that skyrmions can exist in such a gas only as a metastable state, but with a lifetime comparable to (or even longer than) the typical lifetime of the condensate itself.     

基于泛系算子的泛系混合并联粗糙集模型

在泛系混合并联空间概念的基础上,为了操作由任意给定的二元关系对知识进行划分得到的粒子,使用泛系理论的转化思想和转化后的等价关系对目标概念进行近似逼近的方法,提出了基于泛系混合并联等价算子的泛系混合并联粗糙集模型。通过讨论该模型的基本性质,证明了该模型是泛系粗集的一种广义化表现形式。通过实例说明了在不同泛系混合并联等价算子的作用下产生不同知识库的粒子,为深入研究粒度计算提供了一个新的研究方向。