基于有限元法的空间遥感器主镜支撑位置优化

为更准确地设计空间遥感器主镜,以有限元法为基础,研究空间遥感器主镜在自重情况下引起的镜面面形变化情况,在主镜镜面面形符合实际工程要求的情况下,通过MSC Nastran进行优化处理并最终确定出主镜的最佳支撑位置,同时确定主镜轻量化结构．以主镜背部3个支撑孔中心坐标为设计变量,以主镜镜面变形最大值作为目标函数进行实例优化分析,并与传统经验法的计算结果进行对比,结果表明所采用的有限元优化方法具有较大的优越性,为某型空间遥感器的成功研制打下艮好基础．     

基于Isight与Tosca的抗侧滚扭杆装置优化分析

基于Isight和Tosca软件对抗侧滚扭杆装置轻量化设计问题进行优化分析.采用Isight软件集成Abaqus软件对扭杆轴进行结构参数优化分析;采用Tosca软件集成Abaqus软件和fe-safe软件对扭转臂进行结构拓扑优化分析,研究扭杆轴与扭转臂的轻量化设计方法.     

PIAnO在白车身轻量化设计上的应用

以某SUV车型的白车身为研究对象,采用高效的实验设计和优化软件PIAnO,综合考虑其模态、刚度、40%偏置碰和侧碰等性能进行轻量化设计。确定并优化设计变量,对白车身刚度和模态性能进行近似建模。提出分段优化方案并进行仿真验证,得到的白车身质量减少11.93 kg,下降3.08%。将该轻量化白车身的100%正碰、强度、IPI和NTF性能进行验证,满足设计要求,证明基于PIAnO的白车身轻量化策略行之有效。     

空间主反射镜轻量化及柔性支撑设计与分析

由于空间主反射镜的质量直接影响到发射成本,所以对其进行轻量化显得尤为重要.采用将理论与有限元计算软件相结合的方式对一主反射镜进行了轻量化,并讨论了主反射镜的支撑方式、支撑半径大小及支撑数目.在空间工作环境下,主反射镜由于受到温变及微重力的影响会发生镜面变形,影响成像质量.为了改善成像质量,进一步探讨了柔性支撑的设计应用及其对主反射镜镜面变形的影响.并通过在仿真环境中对刚性支撑和柔性支撑下主反射镜的镜面变形进行了计算和对比,验证了柔性支撑的使用在改善空间成像系统成像质量上的重要作用.     

热载荷作用下透镜面形精度分析方法

为了分析透射式光学系统中透镜在热载荷作用下的镜面面形精度,建立了光机结构模型,使用有限元软件对热载荷作用下透镜的镜面变形量进行了分析,通过matlab软件对变形后的节点位移进行拟合,进而求出在指定热载荷下透镜的面形精度。该分析方法还可以对其他载荷引起的镜面变形进行分析,为透镜面形精度分析提供参考。     

小口径离轴抛物面反射镜挠性支撑设计分析

关于反射镜支撑稳定性优化设计问题,离轴抛物面反射镜作为空间光学遥感器的重要光学元件,面形精度直接影响遥感器性能。针对反射镜所处环境,组件一阶频率要求高,设计了一种反射镜背部中心单点挠性支撑结构,并利用拓扑优化技术对反射镜进行了轻量化设计。为了结构设计的合理性,采用有限元技术对反射镜组件进行了模态分析、结构强度分析、谐响应分析及热环境分析。分析结果表明:反射镜在重力作用下最大面形误差RMS=1.16nm;在±10℃温度载荷作用下最大面形误差RMS=11.46nm;反射镜组件一阶频率为574.19Hz。使挠性支撑结构具有良好的静、动态特性和热尺寸稳定性,满足反射镜面形要求。     

烟苗移栽机中车架升降机构的设计及有限元仿真

根据运动学要求设计一种应在烟苗移栽机的可升降车架,再对升降机构的进行运动学静力学特性分析及动力学特性分析以验证设计。通过运动学设计出其结构,用三维建模软件SolidWorks建立实体模型,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS对升降机构进行有限元分析计算。得到升降机构在满载时的等效应力分布、最大等效应力、最大变形,根据材料的性能得出升降机构符合静力学特性要求;得到升降机构的自由模态、谐响应、响应谱与其它激励频率作比较得出升降机构符合动力学要求。为升降机构的设计提供理论参考及数据支持。     

卫星载荷安装平台结构轻量优化与仿真分析

结构轻量化是目前航天器设计的发展趋势.以国内某高精度成像卫星有效载荷安装平台为对象,为了降低卫星平台的质量,同时满足其在复杂外热流环境下的热变形要求,分别采用拓扑优化与铺层优化两种方法对卫星安装平台进行轻量优化设计.在整星有限元热变形分析基础上,以载荷安装平台的质量最轻为目标,对结构进行优化设计,并对整星进行模态分析以验证设计方案的可靠性.两种优化方法均满足结构热变形设计要求,相比拓扑优化方法,铺层优化方法可以大幅降低安装平台质量,并且可行性高.     

基于MeshWorks和Optimus的白车身断面尺寸分析优化

为提高商用车车身前期设计阶段的开发效率,保证项目开发节点按时通过,在车身设计阶段引入参数化建模和联合仿真优化技术。基于MeshWorks软件对梁结构的整体宽度、翻边宽度、整体高度和板件厚度进行参数化建模,再通过Optimus软件搭建基于模态分析与刚度分析的优化流程,进行白车身轻量化设计。优化方案可减重14.6 kg,减重幅度5.1%,结构第1阶扭转频率提升4.4%,弯曲刚度提升2.8%,前端扭转刚度提升0.9%,后端扭转刚度提升1.5%。在性能小幅提升的情况下,车身轻量化效果明显。     

基于特征造型的重载货车辗钢整体车轮结构设计优化

为减轻重载货车车轮的质量、提高使用寿命,将常规的设计优化方法、参数化特征造型和有限元分析结合,进行重载货车辗钢整体车轮设计优化.以车轮轻量化为优化目标,基于特征建模方法确定设计变量,用有限元分析确定车轮强度和刚度的约束条件,建立辗钢整体车轮的设计优化模型.设计优化和参数化特征造型为有限元分析提供轮辐的几何尺寸,有限元分析主要进行优化后的车轮应力分析,并判断优化后车轮应力是否得到改善.参照＂GB 8601—1988铁路用辗钢整体车轮＂,采用通用CAD/CAE软件建立重载货车辗钢整体车轮的三维实体模型,对其进行设计优化,取得满意的效果.     

后视镜表面压力特性的数值分析

为降低由后视镜引起的汽车气动噪声,选取普通后视镜外形作为基础模型,选取后视镜的前脸厚度、后脸深度以及迎风角度作为3个可能影响后视镜表面压力的参数,以大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)方法为手段,用FLUENT对非结构网格进行数值求解,分析汽车后视镜表面压力特性. 计算选取的雷诺数为520 000(以后视镜直径为特征长度),对应的马赫数为0.11. 实验测试表明,后视镜表面测点平均压力因数的数值计算结果与实验结果一致;后视镜前脸厚度、后脸深度以及迎风角度均对后视镜表面压力有显著影响;LES方法可以应用于后视镜表面压力特性的分析.     

空间望远镜次镜支撑结构拓扑优化和分析

为实现空间望远镜的结构轻量化,以中心悬臂式次镜支撑结构为研究对象,采用变密度拓扑优化方法,利用HyperWorks的OptiStruct实现其最优化设计.对优化后的结果进行静力学和动力学验证,结果表明：经拓扑优化的次镜支撑结构设计合理,质量减轻44%;拓扑优化技术在空间望远镜结构设计中有效.     

Depth‐enhanced integral‐imaging 3D display using different optical path lengths by polarization devices or mirror barrier array

Abstract— Depth‐enhanced integral three‐dimensional (3D) imaging using different optical path lengths by using a polarization selective mirror pair or mirror barrier array is proposed. In the proposed approach, the enhancement of image depth is achieved by repositioning two types of elemental image planes, thus effectively two central depth planes are obtained. One of the two implementation methods makes use of the two‐arm structure that has different optical path lengths and polarization‐selective mirrors. The other utilizes the mirror barrier array. The primary advantage of the method with polarization devices is that we can observe 3D images that maintain some level of viewing resolution with a large depth difference without any mechanical moving part. The mirror barrier array has the advantage of the compact thickness. We demonstrated and verified our proposals experimentally.     

Structural design and global sensitivity analysis of the composite B-pillar with ply drop-off

Vehicle lightweight and safety design becomes an increasingly critical issue nowadays. In order to improve the crashworthiness of side impact and roof crush with the consideration of the manufacturing process, a new composite B-pillar structure with ply drop-off is proposed in this paper. It improves the crashworthiness by changing the section thickness of structure and reduces the weight of B-pillar. The ply drop-off regions on the outer part and inner part of B-pillar are divided into three sub-laminates respectively, named as thick panel, taper panel and thin panel. The thickness of the panel are determined by the number of lay-up. Based on traditional sensitivity analysis, this paper derives some new equations and clearly evaluates and quantifies the importance of uncertainty design parameters. Finally, the comprehensive performance of the lightweight and crashworthiness for the composite B-pillar with ply drop-off is improved through structural optimization.     

针对白车身轻量化系数的结构灵敏度分析与软件开发

为实现白车身轻量化,以白车身零件厚度为优化变量,建立参数化模型。定义白车身静态扭转刚度工况并进行有限元分析,得到扭转刚度响应和轻量化系数,采用解析法推导轻量化系数对厚度的灵敏度。基于HyperMesh二次开发完成灵敏度分析流程自动化,求解白车身轻量化系数的灵敏度。根据灵敏度排序对白车身零件厚度进行优化,实现轻量化系数降低,扭转刚度提高,白车身质量减轻。     

Crashworthiness design of multi-component tailor-welded blank (TWB) structures

Crashworthiness of tailor-welded blank (TWB) structures signifies an increasing concern in lightweight design of vehicle. Although multiobjective optimization (MOO) has to a considerable extent been successfully applied to enhance crashworthiness of vehicular structures, majority of existing designs were restricted to single or uniform thin-walled components. Limited attention has been paid to such non-uniform components as TWB structures. In this paper, MOO of a multi-component TWB structure that involves both the B-pillar and inner door system subjected to a side impact, is proposed by considering the structural weight, intrusive displacements and velocity of the B-pillar component as objectives, and the thickness in different positions and the height of welding line of B-pillar as the design variables. The MOO problem is formulated by using a range of different metamodeling techniques, including response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), radial basis functions (RBF), and Kriging (KRG), to approximate the sophisticated nonlinear responses. By comparison, it is found that the constructed metamodels based upon the radial basis function (RBF, especially multi-quadric model, namely RBF-MQ) fit to the design of experiment (DoE) checking points well and are employed to carry out the design optimization. The performance of the TWB B-pillar and indoor panel system can be improved by optimizing the thickness of the different parts and height of the welding line. This study demonstrated that the multi-component TWB structure can be optimized to further enhance the crashworthiness and reduce the weight, offering a new class of structural/material configuration for lightweight design.     

空间望远镜主镜的主动支撑面形校正分析

大型空间望远镜的主镜由于受重力、温度和装配等因素的影响,会产生面形误差,影响光学系统的成像效果。为了提高空间望远镜主镜对重力、温度的适应性,采用400mm弯月镜进行了主动支撑面形校正研究。主动支撑方案由3个固定支撑和7个主动支撑构成,利用Zernike系数和最小二乘法计算力促动器的校正力大小。使用有限元仿真软件分析了镜子在重力工况和稳态温度工况下,校正前后的面形结果。分析结果显示,采用本文的主动支撑方案,各工况下被校正后的主镜面形精度达到均方根(RMS)值<λ/20的设计指标,面形质量有明显的提高。同时,在重力工况中引入了实际装调中可能存在的安装误差等因素,仿真结果显示装配误差对校正结果影响较小,说明主动支撑系统具有较高稳定性。     

Multidisciplinary design optimization on vehicle tailor rolled blank design

Tailor rolled blank (TRB) is an emerging steel rolling process to produce lightweight vehicle components. It allows continuous metal thickness changes, and as a result, it offers opportunities for automotive design in weight reduction, part complexity reduction, reduced capital investment, yet, maintains equal to or better strength characteristics. The objective of this research is to take advantages of the TRB manufacturing technology and combine with the advanced multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) methodology to optimize vehicle structure. The process begins with noise vibration and harshness (NVH) optimization. The outputs of the optimal NVH response sensitivities are employed to build the first order response surface models. Uniform Latin Hypercube sampling and subset selection regression methods are used to construct the response surface models for the highly nonlinear impact and seatbelt pull responses. The optimal NVH design is then used as the starting point for MDO to obtain the optimal thickness profiles for the TRB parts. A vehicle application considering multiple impact modes, seatbelt pulls, and NVH, is used to demonstrate the proposed process for vehicle underbody TRB design. Results of this MDO TRB study is presented and discussed.     

空间反射镜面形校正技术实验系统设计

针对空间相机主镜面形在轨主动校正的工程需求,设计了用于验证空间反射镜面形校正技术的实验系统;该实验系统将一面口径为676 mm的SiC反射镜面形作为被控对象;将9只基于无刷直流电机的力促动器作为执行机构;将基于PXI总线的工控机和基于虚拟仪器技术的测控软件作为控制器;将干涉仪作为面形检测模块;可实现对反射镜面形的闭环控制;实验结果表明:所研制的力促动器达到了输出范围不低于-320～+320 N,输出精度优于0.1 N的指标需求;基于面形响应函数的校正方法可以有效地校正反射镜面形;针对幅值为0.5λ像散和0.5λ三叶两种像差,一次校正后的校正偏差分别为6％和4％;利用该实验系统,力促动器的单机性能指标得到了测试与评估;面形校正方法得到了有效验证.