共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
2.
无人机成本低、机动性强且视野广阔, 广泛用于军事和民用领域. 不断增强感知与决策能力, 进而提高无人机的自主性, 是无人机系统发展的必然趋势. 本文围绕实现多旋翼无人机自主控制所面临的关键科学技术问题, 即灵敏稳健的飞行控制、实时精准的感知与估计和高效的在线运动规划, 展开全面概述. 从硬件和软件系统, 到飞行控制、感知与估计、运动规划的具体算法, 试图构建多旋翼无人机自主控制系统的整体认知体系, 旨在为相关理论的研究提供系统性的见解, 并为多旋翼无人机自主控制系统的设计提供技术参考. 最后, 总结了现阶段多旋翼无人机自主控制技术的局限性, 并对未来发展趋势进行了展望. 相似文献
3.
4.
José Martínez-Carranza Richard Bostock Simon Willcox Ian Cowling Walterio Mayol-Cuevas 《Advanced Robotics》2016,30(2):119-130
This paper develops and evaluates methods for performing auto-retrieval of a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) using fast 6D relocalisation from visual features. Auto-retrieval involves a combination of guided operation to direct the vehicle through obstacles using a human pilot and autonomous operation to navigate the vehicle on its return or during re-exploration. This approach is useful in tasks such as industrial inspection and monitoring, and in particular to operate indoors in GPS-denied environments. Our relocalisation methodology contrasts two sources of information: depth data and feature co-visibility, but in a novel manner that validates matches before a RANSAC procedure. The result is the ability of performing 6D relocalisation at an average of 50 Hz on individual maps containing 120 K features. The use of feature co-visibility reduces memory footprint as well as removes the need to employ depth data as used in previous work. This paper concludes with an example of an industrial application involving visual monitoring from a MAV aided by autonomous navigation. 相似文献
5.
当前, 轨道空间日益拥挤、太空竞争不断加剧, 对航天器执行既定任务时的轨道威胁自主应对能力提出了新的挑战, 使得航天器智能自主控制技术迎来新的发展机遇. 在调研分析了轨道威胁感知、自主决策规划、规避机动动作执行、自主控制系统架构相关研究进展的基础上, 总结提出了威胁规避智能自主控制面临的主要瓶颈问题, 并分析指出发展“感知−决策−执行”一体化控制是破解瓶颈难题的有效手段, 最后从一体化控制系统建模、设计、分析与验证多方面, 系统讨论了威胁规避智能自主控制需要重点关注的若干基础问题, 为未来航天器智能自主控制的理论研究和技术发展提供启发和参考. 相似文献
6.
在执行特种任务时,为了能够实现自重构功能以适应复杂地形环境,多机器人必须拥有一套安全高效的自主对接分离系统.鉴于此,提出一种基于视觉反馈实时获取机器人相对位姿信息的方法,使控制机器人按照规划轨迹进行自主对接.首先,调整机器人对接尾座到达水平状态;然后,利用摄像头捕获到的标记板解算机器人的位姿信息;最后,控制机器人按照规划轨迹进行对接操作.独特的分离系统在多机器人出现故障时可做到实时分离,抛弃故障单元.经实验验证,自重构系统对接成功率高达97.3%以上,具有良好的鲁棒性. 相似文献
7.
视觉感知模块能够利用摄像机等视觉传感器获取丰富的图像和视频信息,进而检测自动驾驶汽车视野中的车辆、行人与交通标识等信息,是自动驾驶最有效、成本最低的感知方式之一。运动规划为自主车辆提供从车辆初始状态到目标状态的一系列运动参数和驾驶动作,而端到端的模型能够直接从感知的数据获取车辆的运动参数,因而受到广泛的关注。为了全面反映视觉感知的端到端自动驾驶运动规划方法的研究进展,本文对国内外公开发表的具有代表性和前沿的论文进行了概述。首先分析端到端方法的应用,以及视觉感知和运动规划在端到端自动驾驶中的作用,然后以自主车辆的学习方式作为分类依据,将视觉感知的端到端自动驾驶运动规划的实现方法分为模仿学习和强化学习两大类,并对各类方法的不同算法进行了归纳和分析;考虑到现阶段端到端模型的研究面临着虚拟到现实的任务,故对基于迁移学习的方法进行了梳理。最后列举与自动驾驶相关的数据集和仿真平台,总结存在的问题和挑战,对未来的发展趋势进行思考和展望。视觉感知的端到端自动驾驶运动规划模型的普适性强且结构简单,这类方法具有广阔的应用前景和研究价值,但是存在不可解释和难以保证绝对安全的问题,未来需要更多的研究改善端到端模型存在的局限性。 相似文献
8.
纯视觉鸟瞰图(bird’s-eye-view,BEV)感知是国内外自动驾驶领域的前沿方向与研究热点,旨在通过相机2D图像信息,生成3D空间中周围道路环境俯视视角下的特征表示。该领域在单车智能方向上迅速发展,并实现大量落地部署。但由于车端相机的安装高度受限,不可避免地面临着远距离感知不稳定、存在驾驶盲区等实际问题,单车智能仍存在着一定的安全性风险。路端摄像头部署在红绿灯杆等高处基础设施上,能够有效扩展智能车辆的感知范围,补充盲区视野。因此,车路协同逐渐成为当前自动驾驶的发展趋势。据此,本文从相机部署端和相机视角出发,将纯视觉BEV感知技术划分为车端单视角感知、车端环视视角感知和路端固定视角感知三大方向。在每一方向中,从通用处理流程入手梳理其技术发展脉络,针对主流数据集、BEV映射模型和任务推理输出三大模块展开综述。此外,本文还介绍了相机成像系统的基本原理,并对现有方法从骨干网络使用统计、GPU(graphics processing unit)类型使用统计和模型性能统计等角度进行了定量分析,从可视化对比角度进行了定性分析。最后,从场景多元、尺度多样分布等技术挑战和相机几何参数迁移能力差、计算资源受限等部署挑战两方面揭示了当前纯视觉BEV感知技术亟待解决的问题。并从车路协同、车车协同、虚拟现实交互和统一多任务基座大模型4个方向对本领域的发展进行了全面展望。希望通过对纯视觉BEV感知现有研究以及未来趋势的总结为相关领域研究人员提供一个全面的参考以及探索的方向。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
Decision-Theoretic Planning for Autonomous Robotic Surveillance 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In this paper, we introduce a decision-theoretic strategy for surveillance as a first step towards automating the planning of the movement of an autonomous surveillance robot. In our opinion, this particular application is interesting in its own right, but it also provides a test-case for formalisms aimed at dealing both with (low-level) sensor, localisation, and navigation uncertainty and with uncertainty at a more abstract planning level. After a brief discussion of our view on surveillance, we describe a very simple formal model of an environment in which the surveillance task has to be performed. We use this model to illustrate our decision-theoretic strategy and to compare this strategy with other proposed strategies. We treat several simple examples and obtain some general results. 相似文献
12.
Case-based path planning for autonomous underwater vehicles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Case-based reasoning is reasoning based on specific instances of past experience. A new solution is generated by retrieving and adapting an old one which approximately matches the current situation. In this paper, we outline a case-based reasoning scheme for path planning in autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions. An annotated map database is employed to model the navigational environment. Routes which are used in earlier missions are represented as objects in the map. When a new route is to be planned, the path planner retrieves a matching route from the database and modifies it to suit to the current situation. Whenever a matching route is not available, a new route is synthesized based on past cases that describe similar navigational environments. Case-based approach is thus used not only to adapt old routes but also to synthesize new ones. Since the proposed scheme is centered around reuse of old routes, it would be fast especially when long routes need to be generated. Moreover, better reliability of paths can be expected as they are adapted from earlier missions. The scheme is novel and appropriate for AUV mission scenarios. In this paper, we describe the representation of navigation environment including past routes and objects in the navigational space. Further, we discuss the retrieval and repair strategies and the scheme for synthesizing new routes. Sample results of both synthesis and reuse of routes and system performance analysis are also presented. One major advantage of this system is the facility to enrich the map database with new routes as they are generated.This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. BCS-9017990. 相似文献
13.
The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has truly stimulated the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the transportation industry. Fueled by big data from various sensing devices and advanced computing resources, AI has become an essential component of AVs for perceiving the surrounding environment and making appropriate decision in motion. To achieve goal of full automation (i.e., self-driving), it is important to know how AI works in AV systems. Existing research have made great efforts in investigating different aspects of applying AI in AV development. However, few studies have offered the research community a thorough examination of current practices in implementing AI in AVs. Thus, this paper aims to shorten the gap by providing a comprehensive survey of key studies in this research avenue. Specifically, it intends to analyze their use of AIs in supporting the primary applications in AVs: 1) perception; 2) localization and mapping; and 3) decision making. It investigates the current practices to understand how AI can be used and what are the challenges and issues associated with their implementation. Based on the exploration of current practices and technology advances, this paper further provides insights into potential opportunities regarding the use of AI in conjunction with other emerging technologies: 1) high definition maps, big data, and high performance computing; 2) augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) enhanced simulation platform; and 3) 5G communication for connected AVs. This paper is expected to offer a quick reference for researchers interested in understanding the use of AI in AV research. 相似文献
14.
15.
针对微飞行器(MAV)在不同机动状态下如何获得对重力加速度的有效估计这一问题,提出一种具有增益调节机制的显性互补滤波器,对微飞行器类似周期性盘旋等典型状态,利用陀螺仪的测量和指示空速的估计构建了向心加速度补偿机制,使得基于重力加速度估计的互补滤波器能获得较为精确的姿态估计,并克服了传统互补滤波器对姿态估计进行重构的缺点。在比例积分补偿环节中,对俯仰角和横滚角的估计赋予不同的截止频率,使得比例增益和积分增益具有较好的自适应性。对比实验表明,姿态角估计误差能保持在±2°之内,与现有的典型滤波算法相比,该方法在算法效率和估计误差方面具有良好的综合性能,并适合用低成本的微惯性测量单元实现微飞行器的精确姿态估计。 相似文献
16.
Hyoin Bae 《Advanced Robotics》2017,31(13):695-705
In this research, a new state estimator based on moving horizon estimation theory is suggested for the humanoid robot state estimation. So far, there are almost no studies on the moving horizon estimator (MHE)-based humanoid state estimator. Instead, a large number of humanoid state estimators based on the Kalman filter (KF) have been proposed. However, such estimators cannot guarantee optimality when the system model is nonlinear or when there is a non-Gaussian modeling error. In addition, with KF, it is difficult to incorporate inequality constraints. Since a humanoid is a complex system, its mathematical model is normally nonlinear, and is limited in its ability to characterize the system accurately. Therefore, KF-based humanoid state estimation has unavoidable limitations. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new approach to humanoid state estimation by using a MHE. It can accommodate not only nonlinear systems and constraints, but also it can partially cope with non-Gaussian modeling error. The proposed estimator framework facilitates the use of a simple model, even in the presence of a large modeling error. In addition, it can estimate the humanoid state more accurately than a KF-based estimator. The performance of the proposed approach was verified experimentally. 相似文献
17.
18.
Matching and merging overlapping point clouds is a common procedure in many applications, including mobile robotics, three‐dimensional mapping, and object visualization. However, fully automatic point‐cloud matching, without manual verification, is still not possible because no matching algorithms exist today that can provide any certain methods for detecting misaligned point clouds. In this article, we make a comparative evaluation of geometric consistency methods for classifying aligned and nonaligned point‐cloud pairs. We also propose a method that combines the results of the evaluated methods to further improve the classification of the point clouds. We compare a range of methods on two data sets from different environments related to mobile robotics and mapping. The results show that methods based on a Normal Distributions Transform representation of the point clouds perform best under the circumstances presented herein. 相似文献
19.
Distributed as an open‐source library since 2013, real‐time appearance‐based mapping (RTAB‐Map) started as an appearance‐based loop closure detection approach with memory management to deal with large‐scale and long‐term online operation. It then grew to implement simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) on various robots and mobile platforms. As each application brings its own set of constraints on sensors, processing capabilities, and locomotion, it raises the question of which SLAM approach is the most appropriate to use in terms of cost, accuracy, computation power, and ease of integration. Since most of SLAM approaches are either visual‐ or lidar‐based, comparison is difficult. Therefore, we decided to extend RTAB‐Map to support both visual and lidar SLAM, providing in one package a tool allowing users to implement and compare a variety of 3D and 2D solutions for a wide range of applications with different robots and sensors. This paper presents this extended version of RTAB‐Map and its use in comparing, both quantitatively and qualitatively, a large selection of popular real‐world datasets (e.g., KITTI, EuRoC, TUM RGB‐D, MIT Stata Center on PR2 robot), outlining strengths, and limitations of visual and lidar SLAM configurations from a practical perspective for autonomous navigation applications. 相似文献
20.
智能系统多传感器信息融合的复杂性迫切需要开发一套合适的结构体系,目前大多数结构体系都通过融合中心对分散在不同点的多个传感器进行信息处理,而底层传感器之间缺乏必要的联系.这样导致融合中心计算和通信的负担过重而造成瓶颈,且不能使传感器之间互相启发以提高任务环境认知的效率.针对这些问题本文首先提出智能传感器的新概念,指出智能传感器须具备的5个基本能力即预测、规划、刷新、通信和同化,并在此基础上讨论了多智能传感器组成系统时的算法及信息流程.最后以主动视觉和主动触觉共同感知运动物体的位姿为例剖析了这种新思想的具体运用 相似文献