食品中喹诺酮类兽药多残留检测技术的应用与发展

喹诺酮类兽药在食品中的残留问题引起各国的重视,建立高效灵敏的多残留检测方法是喹诺酮类兽药检测方法研究的热点和趋势.通过对微生物抑制法、色谱法、免疫法、蛋白芯片法在多残留检测技术的解析,概述食品中喹诺酮类药物多残留检测技术的应用现状与发展,为开展药物残留检测的研究和监测提供借鉴.     

食品中(氟)喹诺酮类兽药多残留检测技术的应用与发展

喹诺酮类兽药在食品中的残留问题引起各国的重视,建立高效灵敏的多残留检测方法是喹诺酮类兽药检测方法研究的热点和趋势。通过对微生物抑制法、色谱法、免疫法、蛋白芯片法在多残留检测技术的解析,概述食品中喹诺酮类药物多残留检测技术的应用现状与发展,为开展药物残留检测的研究和监测提供借鉴。     

喹诺酮类兽药在鸡蛋中残留危害分析

在鸡养殖业中,一些养殖户为了减少疫病所带来的经济损失而大量的使用药物,导致药物的残留,其中就包括喹诺酮类兽药残留。本文主要阐述了喹诺酮类兽药残留的危害、原因,重点分析了解决对策,以期为养殖户规范的用药以及相关部门监管执法的顺利开展提供一些参考。     

大竹县养殖场鸡蛋中氟喹诺酮类药物残留的调查

正"民以食为天,食以安为先",食品安全关系到每个居民的身体健康。目前我国城镇居民的食品消费结构发生了很大变化,肉、蛋、奶的比重越来越高,鸡蛋成为居民日常生活中不可或缺的营养供给~([1])。近年来蛋鸡养殖业中长期不规范用药导致的氟喹诺酮类兽药残留问题正逐渐引起人们重视,氟喹诺酮类药物残留,除其本身的毒副作用对动物体有直接危害外,人类如果长期食用含低浓度氟喹诺酮类药物的动物性食品,容易使机体产生耐药性,从而影响该药     

鸡蛋中的兽药残留规律及其影响因素探讨

综述了鸡蛋中兽药残留的原因、种类及兽药在鸡蛋中的残留规律和影响因素,对建立鸡蛋中兽药残留检测方法及监控蛋鸡养殖场兽药使用具有重要意义。     

行业动态

农业部:发布动物源产品中兽药残留检测方法国标1月23日,农业部市场与经济信息司为应对农产品质量安全突发事件,根据《兽药管理条例》的规定,发布了水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量的测定等应急标准。此外,农业部还组织有关单位制定了动物源食品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量的测定、鸡蛋中氟喹诺酮类药物残留量的测定、蜂蜜中氟氯苯氰菊酯残留量的测定、牛奶中青霉素类药物残留量的测定等多项动物源产品中兽药残留检测方法国家标准。食品价格涨幅加大肉禽价格将止跌看涨国家信息中心发布“2007年中国与世界经济发展报告”中指出:2007年我国居民…     

兽药残留的危害及防范技术措施

正兽药残留危害很大,本文通过对兽药残留产生的原因、危害进行论述,并提出防范兽药残留的措施,为减少和控制兽药残留提供参考。兽药残留是指用药后蓄积或存留于畜禽机体或产品(如鸡蛋、奶品、肉品等)中原型药物或其代谢产物,包括与兽药有关的杂质的残留。兽药残留既包括原药也包括药物在动物体内的代谢产物。主要的残留兽药有抗生素类、磺胺药类、呋喃药类、抗球虫药、激素药类和驱虫药类等。兽药残留是动物性食品最重要的污染源之一。     

兽药多残留分析中前处理与检测技术研究进展

以动物源性食品为检测基质,对兽药多残留分析中样品前处理和检测技术进行总括,综述了常用兽药氟喹诺酮类(FQs)、磺胺类(SAs)等药物多残留分析的国内外文献,并对兽药多残留分析的研究方向进行了展望.     

动物源性食品中氟喹诺酮类药物残留色谱质谱检测技术研究进展

兽药残留检测已成为全球动物源性食品安全的重要组成部分,色谱与质谱是兽药残留分析中最常用的检测方法。由于兽药各种类之间在理化性质、残留状态、限量要求等方面差异较大,导致在仪器分析环节存在一定的技术困难。为进一步了解该技术领域的研究进展,本文综述了动物源性食品中氟喹诺酮类药物残留色谱和质谱检测方法,指出了各种方法的优缺点并对检测技术的发展进行了展望,以期为氟喹诺酮类药物的残留检测提供技术支持和理论依据。     

鸡蛋中兽药残留的检测方法及其防治措施

随着生活水平的提高,鸡蛋成为人们日常饮食中必不可少的食物,而鸡蛋中兽药残留问题也已成为了食品安全关注的焦点之一。广大养鸡户或养殖公司的养殖水平及食品安全法律意识存在巨大差异,鸡蛋和鸡肉中的兽药残留超标问题仍然存在。为此,本文对鸡蛋中兽药残留的检测方法及其防治措施进行综述,以期为减少鸡蛋中兽药残留提供参考,同时提高广大从业者的食品安全法律意识。     

河北省不同建筑类型羊舍环境参数的检测与分析

试验选择3种建筑类型羊舍(有窗封闭舍、半开放舍和棚舍),对羊舍温度、二氧化碳(CO2)、氨气(NH3)、风速和光照进行定点定时检测,分析冬夏季节河北省不同建筑类型的羊舍环境,为标准化羊舍的建设提供依据。结果表明,冬季不同类型羊舍的温度表现为显著性差异(P<0.05),有窗舍最高,棚舍最低(早-4.13℃),有窗舍均温分别比棚舍和半开放舍高4.26和2.95℃,夏季不同舍温度未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),早、午和晚分别达25.12、32.48和29.71℃,热应激明显;从有害气体结果可以看出,羊舍CO2含量分别为411.0~995.2 mg/m^3(夏)和402.9~2336.8 mg/m^3(冬),两季CO2日均含量有窗舍均最高,棚舍最低,不同舍CO2日均含量差异显著(P<0.01),有窗舍冬季早上含量高达2336.8 mg/m^3,已超国标。另外,所有羊舍未检测出NH 3。从风速结果可以看出,两季风速分别为0.06~0.36 m/s(夏)和0.03~0.26 m/s(冬),两季有窗舍的风速均显著低于其他两类舍(P<0.01)。从光照强度来看,棚舍光照强度显著高于其他两类舍(P<0.01),均符合国标。可见,冬季有窗羊舍虽然温度较高,但空气质量差,CO2含量超标,应加强通风换气,兼顾保温;夏季不管哪种类型舍,均应隔热降温以缓解热应激。     

Immunohistochemical study of galectin-3 in mature and immature bull testis and epididymis

Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside-binding protein family, has been implicated in mammalian sperm maturation. We examined galectin-3 expression in the testis and epididymis of sexually mature and immature bulls. Western blot analysis showed varying levels of galectin-3 in the bull testis and epididymis, and galectin-3 immunoreactivity was higher in the mature testis and epididymis than in immature organs. Galectin-3 was primarily localized in interstitial cells of the immature bull testis and in the peritubular myoid and interstitial cells of the mature testis. In the immature epididymis head, galectin-3 was primarily in the principal and basal cells of the epithelium. In the mature epididymis head, moderate levels of galectin-3 were detected in the sperm, while low levels were found in the stereocilia, epithelium and connective tissue. In the immature epididymis body, moderate protein levels were detected in the principal cells, while lower levels were found in the basal cells. The mature epididymis body showed moderate levels of galectin-3 immunostaining in the stereocilia and epithelium, but low levels in the connective tissue. In the immature epididymis tail, only low levels of galectin-3 staining were found in the epithelium, whereas the mature epididymis tail showed high levels of galectin-3 in the principal cells, moderate levels in the basal cells and low levels in connective tissue. These findings suggest that galectin-3 expression plays a role in the maturation and activation of sperm in bulls.     

Immunohistochemical study on the expressions of neuropeptides in the superficial and deep gland of the third eyelid of pigs

The superficial gland of the third eyelid (SGTE) and deep gland of the third eyelid (DGTE) are classified as accessory lacrimal glands. The aim of the present study was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), substance P (SP), galanin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), somatostatin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the porcine SGTE and DGTE. We demonstrated the distribution patterns of VIP, DβH, SP, NPY and galanin in the nerve fibres in the SGTE and DGTE. None of somatostatin-, PACAP- and CGRP-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibres were found in the SGTE and DGTE. The majority of VIP- and DβH-IR nerves fibres were found near to glandular acini, tubules, secretory ducts and blood vessels in the SGTE and DGTE. VIP-IR nerve fibres were found in external connective tissue in SGTE and DGTE and only in interlobular connective tissue in the SGTE. DβH-IR nerve fibres were found in interlobular and external connective tissue in the DGTE but not in the SGTE. Single galanin-, SP- and NPY-IR nerve fibres were observed in close proximity to acini and tubules in the SGTE and DGTE. Single galanin-, SP-, NPY-IR nerve fibres were found in close proximity to the secretory ducts in the DGTE, however only SP-IR nerve fibres were found near to the secretory ducts in SGTE. In conclusion, our research aims to highlight some aspects of SGTE and DGTE innervation in pigs and may also be a source of basic knowledge for further studies.     

我国四川、山东、河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中镉、铬、铅污染程度评估

本试验旨在测定我国四川、山东、河北省(包括京津冀地区)蛋鸡养殖场产蛋高峰期配合饲料中镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)含量,评估蛋鸡养殖大省3种重金属污染程度。采集四川、山东、河北省67个养殖场268份蛋鸡配合饲料,采用高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法(HRCS FAAS)测定其Cd、Cr、Pb含量。结果表明:1)四川省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为成都、乐山、乐山,最大检出值分别为0.48、15.94、14.12 mg/kg;Cr、Pb含量最高超标率所在城市分别为乐山、崇州,超标率分别为30%、50%。2)山东省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为青岛和日照、菏泽、日照,最大检出值分别为0.45、5.88、4.11 mg/kg。3)河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量最大检出值所在城市分别为张家口、张家口、保定,最大检出值分别为0.45、15.38、8.38 mg/kg;Cr、Pb含量最高超标率所在城市分别为张家口和保定,超标率均为20%。4)3省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb平均含量分别为,四川:0.24、5.01、3.67 mg/kg;山东:0.26、4.19、2.61 mg/kg;河北:0.25、5.66、3.25 mg/kg。参照我国《饲料卫生标准》,3省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd含量及山东省Cd、Cr、Pb含量均未超标;四川、河北省Cr、Pb含量超标率分别为9.38%、17.19%和6.73%、14.42%。5)河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cr、Pb平均含量显著高于山东省(P0.05);大规模养殖场配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb平均含量显著低于小规模养殖场(P0.05)。综上所述,山东省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd、Cr、Pb含量均未超标。四川、河北省蛋鸡配合饲料中Cd含量未超标,但有超标风险,Cr、Pb含量均有不同程度超标,Pb含量超标最为严重,应引起重视。     

藏中矿区家畜组织中重金属分布与放牧环境关系研究

以藏中矿区土壤、牧草、家畜组织为对象,探讨土-草-畜系统中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd这4种重金属分布情况与饲养环境的相关性。通过设立研究点的方法,采集矿区饲养环境中的土壤、牧草、家畜(牦牛、藏羊)组织进行含量检测。结果表明:藏中矿区及周边土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd这4种元素均高于我国二级土壤限量值,Cu含量达限量值的2倍以上,Cd超标最严重。牧草、家畜组织体内重金属含量出现超标现象,牧草含量的分布顺序为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,这与土壤中重金属含量表现一致。牦牛体内Zn元素含量与远离矿区家畜(CK)相比差异显著(P<0.05),Cd含量与对照(CK)相比差异显著(P<0.05)。Cu、Zn存在超标现象,Cd、Pb两者存在差异但均未超标。矿区牦牛肉中Cu和牧草中Cu含量呈极显著的相关关系(P=0.836,P<0.01);牦牛肉中Zn含量与土壤和牧草中的Zn含量呈显著的相关关系(土壤P=0.631,牧草P=0.667,P<0.05);牦牛肉中Pb含量与牧草中Pb含量呈显著的相关关系(P=0.520,P<0.05);藏羊肉中Cu含量与牧草中Cu含量呈极显著相关关系(P=0.756,P<0.01)。矿区可食牧草中重金属向牦牛和羊肌肉迁移系数变化较大,迁移系数在0.19%~44.61%之间。     

猪GDF11基因部分序列的克隆及组织表达分析

为了探讨生长分化因子11(Growth differentiation factor11,GDF11,又名BMP11)在胸腰椎数变异中的作用,本试验克隆了该基因包含外显子2在内的部分编码区,并进一步采用RT-PCR技术对其在猪胚胎和初生仔猪中的表达进行了分析。结果表明,在35d的猪胚胎中,后肢、牙龈、脑、肝脏、肾脏、胸椎、腰椎各组织均有明显的表达,而在前肢、眼、心脏、肺脏中的表达较弱,在颈椎和荐尾椎中没有观察到GDF11的表达。在45d猪胚胎的后肢、脑、眼、胸椎组织中GDF11的表达较强,而在前肢、牙龈、肺脏、肾脏、腰椎和荐尾椎的表达相对较弱,在肝脏中的表达极其微弱。在心脏和颈椎中没有检测到GDF11的表达。在55d的猪胚胎中,前肢、后肢、脑、眼、肝脏、颈椎、胸椎、腰椎组织中有明显的表达,肺脏和肾脏组织中的表达较强,牙龈和荐尾椎中的表达较弱,而在心脏中没有检测到GDF11的表达。3d仔猪的后肢、牙龈、脑、肾脏和腰椎组织中GDF11有明显的表达,脾脏组织的表达量较高,前肢、肝脏、心脏、背腰最长肌和肺脏中的表达相对较弱,在眼、颈椎和荐尾椎中的表达极弱,在胸椎中没有检测到表达。在所检测的不同时期的所有组织中,脑和肾脏组织表达明显地高于其他组织。     

Some Pharmacokinetic Parameters of R-(–)- and S-(+)-Ketoprofen: The Influence of Age and Differing Physiological Status in Dairy Cattle

The pharmacokinetic parameters of ketoprofen have previously been studied in cattle, but no studies have been performed on differing ages and metabolic situations in these animals. The aim of this work was to study the possible modifictions of the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen enantiomers that may result from age, lactation or gestation in dairy cattle. Three groups of Holando Argentino cattle contained, respectively, 8 cows in early lactation, 8 pregnant cows and 8 newborn calves. Four animals from each group received the enantiomer R-(-)-ketoprofen, the other four animals received the S-(+) enantiomer, all by intravenous injection at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Significant differences between the three categories of animals were obtained in elimination half-life (t1/2) (1.52, 0.87 and 0.31 and 1.71, 0.69 and 0.26 in newborn calves, cows in early lactation and cows in gestation, respectively), mean residence time (MRT) (0.45, 1.25, 2.20 and 0.38, 0.99, 2.47 h, in cows in gestation, cows in early lactation and newborn calves, respectively) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) (0.87, 2.93, 3.24, and 0.67, 2.78, 5.13 (microg/h)/ml in cows in gestation, cows in early lactation and newborn calves, respectively, for the R-(-) and S-(+) enantiomer, respectively. In calves, there was a significant difference in AUC (3.24 vs 5.13 (microg/h)/ml between R-(-)- and S-(+)-ketoprofen. In view of the differences between calves and adult cattle in the pharmacokinetic results for ketoprofen, the effects of age and physiological status (lactation, gestation) should be taken into account for therapeutic regimens.     

Clinicomorphological Studies in Chicks Fed Ochratoxin A While Simultaneously Developing Coccidiosis

The progression of coccidiosis and the resultant mortality were followed in chicks fed a OTA-contaminated diet. More complex and rapid progress of coccidiosis occurred in OTA-treated chicks than in chicks fed a OTA-free diet. The concentration of total protein in the serum was significantly decreased in the chicks in the OTA-treated group, whereas this was significantly increased in chicks infected with Eimeria tenella, irrespective of additional treatment with OTA. The serum glucose concentration was significantly increased in all the chicks exposed to OTA and/or suffering from coccidiosis, as was serum retention of uric acid in all groups, most notably in those consuming OTA. OTA induced degenerative changes in, and an increase in the weight of the kidneys, liver, heart and ventriculum; there was depletion of lymphoid tissue and a decrease in the lymphoid organs' weight and body weight. Coccidiosis induced only a slight growth depression and a slight increase in the relative weight of the kidneys and liver. The intensity of the clinical signs, the impairment of kidney function, macroscopic and histopathological changes, deviations in the weight of some organs and general depression in growth were greater when chicks infected with E. tenella were also given OTA.     

北京黑白花乳牛蹄底角质中25种元素含量的研究

本实验采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪,在1987年春、秋两季对北京某牛场的黑白花成年乳牛蹄底角质中25种元素(K、Na、S、Ca、P、Mg、Mn、Mo、Cu、Zn、Fe、I、Se、Co、Cd、Cr、Ni、B、Al、Si、Ti、Ba、Ph、As、Hg)进行了测定,并对春、秋季正形蹄与变形蹄、正形蹄与病变蹄,以及春秋正形蹄、变形蹄之间做了对比,还测定了饲料地的土壤、水和饲料中25种元素的含量,与国内外有关资料的结果进行了对比,初步探讨了某牛场成乳牛中正形蹄蹄底角质中25种元素的含量,指出春秋两季正形蹄蹄底角质中25种元素的含量是有差异的,春季正形蹄与变形蹄相比各元素差异均不显著;秋季变形蹄含Mg量显著高于正形蹄,含Ca、Al、Cd和Ti量显著低于正形蹄;春季病变蹄含K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Mg、Al、Ti、Se、I、Pb、Hg量显著高于正形蹄。本文首次提出北京黑白花乳牛正形蹄蹄底角质中Ca、P比值,春季是5.822/1,秋季是6.253/1。此牛场乳牛饮水中Hg含量过高是环境污染的结果。本文为今后进一步研究北京黑白花乳牛蹄角质与元素的关系提供了临床参考的依据。