组织知识管理绩效的一种综合评价方法

针对如何评价知识管理绩效的问题,从知识管理的过程、组织结构和知识管理受益情况出发,分析了评价知识管理绩效应该考虑的主要因素,建立了一套包括知识管理的过程、组织结构、经济上的收益和效率的变化情况等四个不同方面的评价指标体系,并在此基础上,给出了一种知识管理绩效的综合评价方法。最后通过一个算例说明了给出方法的应用。     

临时团队中知识共享对快速信任与绩效关系的调节作用研究

在已有文献基础上,提出临时团队的组建、快速信任、知识共享与临时团队绩效之间相关关系的理论框架,运用实证方法,研究临时团队中知识共享对快速信任与绩效关系的调节作用。设计了由临时团队组建因素量表、快速信任量表、知识共享量表、绩效量表等构成的调查问卷,用SPSS11．5对收集到的数据进行分析。分析结果表明,临时团队的组建因素分别与知识共享、快速信任呈显著正相关,临时团队的知识共享分别与快速信任、绩效呈显著正相关;知识共享具有调节作用,对临时团队的快速信任和绩效都有显著增强效果;     

不同主体层次中组织的知识转化二维结构:前因变量与企业绩效的影响

企业价值的增长越来越依赖于所拥有的组织知识,但是不同主体层次中组织知识的转化及其所带来的绩效决定了组织中员工绩效、团队绩效和组织绩效的水平。本文首先根据对国内外研究文献的归纳和整理,分析了组织知识转化的各主体层次性及其相应层次的前因变量,构建了不同主体层次中组织的知识转化及其前因变量与企业绩效的影响理论模型和研究假设,通过文献回顾、访谈、半开放式问卷、预调查等方法设计出相关问卷,并利用问卷调查所获得的数据,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析方法分析各主体层次知识转化的二维结构,采用结构方程模型对个人、团队和组织特征变量对个人、团队和组织层次的知识转化及其员工绩效、团队绩效和组织绩效的影响进行了探讨。最后,本文基于企业现实情况对其研究结果进行了详细的分析与讨论,并提出了研究局限性以及未来研究方向。     

心理契约对目标绩效的影响研究:以工作满意和努力为中介变量

编制了建设项目团队成员心理契约、工作满意、工作努力、目标绩效的调查问卷,对9家国有企业建设项目的300多名团队成员进行实地调查,共收集278份有效问卷,构建了建设项目团队成员心理契约对目标绩效的影响关系并以工作满意、工作努力作为中介变量的结构模型,采用验证性因素分析法和结构方程模型方法进行分析,研究结果表明:建设项目团队成员心理契约由交易型、关系型和管理型心理契约构成;工作满意对建设项目团队成员心理契约满足程度与建设项目关系绩效的关系具有完全中介作用;工作努力对建设项目团队成员关系型、管理型心理契约满足程度与建设项目任务绩效的关系具有完全中介作用。最后,基于结论给出构建建设项目团队成员激励及目标实现机制的管理启示。     

基于DEA方法的二级学院教学绩效评价研究

该文针对高校二级学院教学绩效评估,给出了两种绩效评估方法。首先,对二级学院教学绩效评估存在的问题进行分析;然后,给出教学绩效评估方法的预备知识,接着运用DEA模型提出"平等性"和"差异性"两种绩效评估方法;最后,以福州某高校为例研究了两种方法下该校各二级学院的教学绩效评价状况。     

一种兼顾效率与效果的决策单元投入产出绩效评价方法

在对效率与绩效概念进行甄别的基础上,给出了一种兼顾效率与效果的决策单元投入产出绩效评价方法。有别于决策单元的技术效率评价,该方法一并考虑了决策单元的前沿技术实现与投入产出目的达成。在将决策单元投入产出绩效的影响因素归纳为技术因素、投入配置因素和投入规模因素的基础上,分别构建了决策单元的绩效型综合效率模型、绩效型技术效率模型和绩效型投入配置效率模型。这些模型的解给出了决策单元的投入产出绩效值、决策单元投入产出绩效形成过程中各种影响因素的贡献以及决策单元基于不同影响因素的绩效改进目标,从而为决策单元在现实环境约束下进行绩效提升途径选择提供了较为充分的信息。     

企业绩效管理中激励机制失效的原因分析

企业在实施绩效管理的实践中,经常会发现并没有提高员工、团队的绩效。本文认为绩效管理的成败与激励因素紧密联系,绩效管理失败的关键原因是由于绩效管理中员工激励机制的失效,文章着重对我国企业绩效管理中员工激励机制失效的原因进行了分析,并给出了员工激励机制失效的治理对策。     

企业创新型知识团队绩效评价探讨——基于网络环境的思考

提出了网络环境下企业创新型知识团队绩效内涵。分析了网络环境下企业创新型知识团队绩效评价面临的问题。针对网络环境下企业创新型知识团队绩效的特点，构建了绩效评价的原则和指标。     

高校科研团队知识管理系统要素研究——来自教育部创新团队的实证分析

高校科研团队是由科研任务牵引的知识团队,团队运作的最终目标是实现科技创新,创造新知识、新技术和培养创造性人才。成功的团队管理往往就是有效的知识管理。在高校科研团队的运作过程中,自始至终贯穿着知识创新活动,并且知识创新始终处于核心地位。文章首先从知识管理的角度探讨了高校科研团队的运作过程,提炼出团队知识管理的系统要素,在此基础上运用结构方程模型方法,通过对107支教育部创新团队进行问卷调查和实证,分析验证组织、文化和资源等要素对高校科研团队知识管理系统的影响和作用机理。研究发现,组织、文化和资源等要素直接或间接地影响着团队创新绩效,知识管理行为扮演着重要的中介作用,实践中应该从这些要素的有效协同入手,才能保证创新绩效的有效提升。     

变革型领导和组织公民行为对创新绩效的影响

以目标取向、心里授权、知识共享为中介,综合分析变革型领导对团队创新氛围、团队创新绩效的影响。团队创新氛围和组织公民行为互相促进,共同以知识共享为中介,影响团队的创新绩效。     

Situated Knowledge and Learning in Dispersed Teams

This qualitative field study explores how geographically dispersed teams learn and accomplish challenging work by drawing on knowledge situated in the multiple physical locales they span. We propose the construct of situated knowledge as important for understanding the learning process in dispersed teams. Data collected on seven development projects, each spanning multiple sites, reveal that situated knowledge is at the same time a valuable resource and a source of communication difficulty for dispersed teams. We find that, because their members understand and participate in locale–specific practices, dispersed teams can easily access and use unique locale–specific knowledge resources to resolve problems that arise in those same locales. However, when dispersed teams need knowledge situated at a site other than where the problem occurred, they must first recognize and adjust for locale–specific practices within which that knowledge is embedded before they can use it. The paper reports on analyses of 44 learning episodes that involved identifying and engaging situated knowledge, and draws from these data to identify implications for research and practice.     

知识型团队动态能力构建、团队体系模型与创新运作模式研究

知识型团队是现代组织执行复杂创新任务的重要组织形式.本文从分析知识型团队与知识工作任务的匹配关系入手,在引入知识链及知识链网络等概念的基础上,探讨了基于知识链的知识型团队的动态能力构建机制,分析了围绕知识链网络的知识团队结构体系模型及创新运作机理.     

Mind the gap: The role of leadership in multiteam system collective cognition

The increasing prevalence of team-based organizations places a premium on leadership that will “mind the gap” and enable smooth synchronization of activities across multiple distinct teams. Prior work shows that leaders can be trained to directly facilitate between-team coordination processes. Yet, relatively little is known about the intervening psychological mechanisms that enable between-team coordination. Here, we advance multiteam-interaction mental models—cognitive structures containing knowledge of appropriate between-team activities—as one mechanism that facilitates coordination among multiple teams. We use leader and team cognition data gathered in DeChurch and Marks' (2006) MTS study to test these ideas. Results reveal leaders' multiteam-interaction mental model accuracy “transfers” to teams through strategic communication, and leader strategic communication enables between-team coordination by promoting accuracy in followers' mental models. This study highlights the importance of leadership for developing collective cognition that allows teams to “scale up” from small stand-alone teams to larger and more complex systems.     

Exploring social networks on the team level—A review of the empirical literature

Despite the extensive set of findings on the determinants of team effectiveness, academic understanding of one potentially critical set of determinants, social networks, is limited. This paper is a review and a discussion of the literature on the impact of social networks in small groups such as teams. More specifically, the interest is in the effects of the structural characteristics of the networks on team effectiveness. The review covers various types of small groups: subjects of laboratory studies, student teams, innovation and R&D teams, and other organisational groups. The research findings for each type are reviewed, and the article concludes with a comparison of the variables studied. The progress that has been made is highlighted, suggestions for further research are made, and the key contributions to this area of study are summarised.     

TEACHING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT THROUGH GLOBAL PROJECTS WITH GLOBAL PROJECT TEAMS

In this article, we describe the Global Project Coordination Course, a course in which project teams composed of three students from each of two overseas universities execute company‐sponsored projects dealing with global supply chain management issues. The $75,000 to $100,00 contributed in total by the three to four sponsoring companies funds all course expenses. We assess the benefits and challenges of the use of cross‐cultural project teams with diverse educational backgrounds. We conclude that the course provides a unique and effective vehicle for furthering students' knowledge of Supply Chain Management and Information Systems, improving understanding of “soft” issues, and training students to work in diverse, global, cross‐cultural project teams.     

Applying Process Knowledge for Yield Variation Reduction: A Longitudinal Field Study*

The widespread recognition of the detrimental effects of high yield variation in advanced manufacturing technology settings, both in terms of cost and management of production processes, underscores the need to develop effective strategies for reducing yield variation. In this article, we report the findings of a longitudinal field study in an electromechanical motor assembly plant where we examined how the application of process knowledge by production work teams can reduce yield variation. We propose and provide an operationalizion of a strategy to identify the sequence of particular types of actions—actions to control the mean followed by actions to control the variance—that work teams should pursue over time to apply process knowledge for reducing yield variation. The results of our empirical analysis show that yield variation was significantly reduced on three of the four production lines at the manufacturing plant that served as our research site. Differences in strategies for applying process knowledge help explain the different results on each of the production lines.     

影响新创企业绩效的创业团队因素研究

如何提升新创企业绩效是创业实践和研究的核心问题。创业团队对新创企业的绩效有着决定性的影响,本文从创业团队的视角出发,对如何提升新创企业绩效的问题进行研究。论文对已有研究进行全面的梳理、总结和评论,发现已有研究主要从创业团队构成和合作过程两方面解释新创企业绩效。论文指出,虽然团队构成决定了创业团队的化学成分,但要形成有助于团队化学反应的合作过程,需要有团队制度作为前提条件,否则团队合作关系容易被破坏。因此,本文提出创业团队治理是影响新创企业绩效的重要因素。在此基础上,本文综合团队构成、团队合作过程和团队治理三个维度,建立了影响新创企业绩效的创业团队因素模型,并指出未来研究的重要方向。     

Knowledge Diversity and Venture Growth: The Contingent Effects of Early Planning and Experimentation

Drawing on an information processing perspective, we explore to what extent early venture activities allow founding teams to leverage their diverse knowledge to achieve venture growth. Using data from 103 young ventures, we find that early planning enables founding teams to better exploit the diverse knowledge resulting from their heterogeneity in educational background. However, venture growth is highest when diverse teams simultaneously plan and experiment in the early venture phase. This study challenges extant explanations of when early behaviours shape the efficient usage of existing venture resources. We discuss the contribution of these findings to the literature on founding teams, planning and experimentation, and team diversity.     

Path to “Stardom” in Globally Distributed Hybrid Teams: An Examination of a Knowledge‐Centered Perspective using Social Network Analysis

Although distributed teams have been researched extensively in information systems and decision science disciplines, a review of the literature suggests that the dominant focus has been on understanding the factors affecting performance at the team level. There has however been an increasing recognition that specific individuals within such teams are often critical to the team's performance. Consequently, existing knowledge about such teams may be enhanced by examining the factors that affect the performance of individual team members. This study attempts to address this need by identifying individuals who emerge as “stars” in globally distributed teams involved in knowledge work such as information systems development (ISD). Specifically, the study takes a knowledge‐centered view in explaining which factors lead to “stardom” in such teams. Further, it adopts a social network approach consistent with the core principles of structural/relational analysis in developing and empirically validating the research model. Data from U.S.–Scandinavia self‐managed “hybrid” teams engaged in systems development were used to deductively test the proposed model. The overall study has several implications for group decision making: (i) the study focuses on stars within distributed teams, who play an important role in shaping group decision making, and emerge as a result of a negotiated/consensual decision making within egalitarian teams; (ii) an examination of emergent stars from the team members’ point of view reflects the collective acceptance and support dimension decision‐making contexts identified in prior literature; (iii) finally, the study suggests that the social network analysis technique using relational data can be a tool for a democratic decision‐making technique within groups.     

面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网研究

知识创新是企业提高核心竞争力最重要的手段之一。当今世界经济一体化,全球创新方向正在向开放式创新转变。开放式创新环境下,跨组织、跨地域的开放式创新团队成为知识创新的主要载体。社会化标签能够使团队成员按照自己对知识的认知方式进行知识交互与协作,有利于促进开放式团队知识创新。但是由于标签标注的自由性,如何建立标签之间的关联关系以更有效地支持开放式环境中基于标签的知识管理与知识创新成为该领域的关键议题。本文研究并提出了面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网方法,并对该方法进行了应用研究,通过比较实验组和对照组的应用结果,可以发现面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网方法能够动态地展示标签之间的关联关系,从而支持开放式环境中的团队知识创新。