直接甲醇燃料电池阳极非铂催化剂的研究进展

介绍了直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的特点及其阳极催化剂存在的主要问题。综述了DMFC阳极非铂催化剂的研究进展及非铂催化剂对甲醇氧化的催化活性和抗CO等中间物毒化能力等性能,提出了DMFC阳极非铂催化剂存在的问题以及发展趋势。     

直接乙醇燃料电池电催化剂研究进展

综述了直接乙醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的催化反应机理、铂系和非铂系电催化剂,详细介绍了铂系催化剂中单一金属催化剂、二元合金催化剂和三元及多元复合催化剂的研究现状,并对电催化剂的研究方向进行了展望。     

专利

燃料电池中聚合物负载催化剂电极及其制备方法;一种制备醇类燃料电池阳极铂钌／碳二元复合催化剂的方法;低温高辐射碳纤维电热辐射管;多孔纳米碳-聚乙烯醇水凝胶人工角膜;     

直接甲醇燃料电池钯基催化剂研究进展

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)阳极催化剂是直接甲醇燃料电池的关键材料之一。由于钯的价格便宜、储量丰富、在碱性条件下活性较高,成为取代铂作为DMFC的潜在的阳极催化剂。着重介绍了近年来钯基阳极催化剂在碱性条件下对甲醇的电氧化的研究进展,展望了其发展前景。     

质子交换膜燃料电池催化剂性能增强方法研究进展

发展低成本、高性能的燃料电池催化剂是实现燃料电池商业化的关键。目前,铂基催化剂仍是动力燃料电池不可替代的主催化剂。本文综述了最近几年燃料电池催化剂增强方面的研究进展,探讨了新型催化剂材料的设计与制备以及提高催化剂活性或稳定性的方法,包括表面修饰、包覆、合金化、几何与电子结构以及晶体结构的调变、催化剂/载体相互作用等手段。开发高活性和高稳定性的非铂类催化剂是燃料电池催化剂的发展趋势和努力方向。其中,提高非铂燃料电池催化剂可靠性、稳定性和活性,迫切需要在燃料电催化理论、非铂催化剂理性设计、燃料电池水热管理、有序化膜电极等方面取得创新和突破。     

非铂燃料电池电催化剂研究进展

商业铂碳催化剂价格高昂,开发非铂材料是推进燃料电池商业化的关键一步。本文首先介绍了燃料电池氧还原反应电催化剂的研究背景,接着分别介绍了非贵金属、非金属以及复合材料的催化剂,并对各类催化剂的活性位点和催化机理进行了简要的评述。其中,过渡金属的氮碳化物成本低廉,具有较高的催化活性以及优异的稳定性,是最有望替代贵金属Pt的一类催化剂。杂原子的掺杂能够改变碳材料的表面电荷分布,提升碳材料的催化活性。将过渡金属的氮碳化物和特殊结构的碳材料有效结合,可以设计出具有双功能的复合材料。最后,针对非铂催化剂存在的问题进行了分析并提出了今后工作的几个方向,为今后非铂电催化剂的研究提供参考。高活性高稳定性的非铂催化剂是未来该领域的重点研究方向。     

低温燃料电池催化剂的研究进展

综述了近年来低温燃料电池,如质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）和直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）催化剂的研究进展,着重介绍了近年来出现的几种制备高分散和高活性的燃料电池催化剂的新技术和新方法,以及关于低Pt和非Pt催化剂的研究情况,简要介绍了关于燃料电池催化剂基础研究方面的情况。     

直接甲醇燃料电池甲醇电氧化催化剂研究的新动向

概述了直接甲醇燃料电池甲醇电氧化催化剂最近的一些研究情况。电化学沉积法和采用有机金属前驱体、有机溶剂中还原金属化合物制备催化剂的方法可以有效地控制催化剂组成、分布、颗粒大小；铂—金属大环化合物对甲醇的电催化氧化具有很好的催化活性，金属碳化物和钙饮矿类氧化物是可能代替责金属铂而作为直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的非责金属材料。     

质子交换膜燃料电池非铂电催化剂研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)目前主要催化剂为贵金属Pt基催化剂。然而,Pt价格高、储量低等问题严重阻碍了PEMFCs的商业化进程。发展低成本、高性能的氧还原催化剂是解决铂资源短缺、降低燃料电池成本、实现燃料电池商业化的关键。结合本课题组的研究工作,综述了最近几年非铂催化剂在燃料电池阴极氧还原方面的研究进展,着重探讨了新型氮掺杂碳基纳米材料的设计与制备,并概述了非铂催化剂面临的困难以及未来发展方向。     

常温下以甲烷为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池发电可行性研究

尝试了常温下以甲烷为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池发电的可能性，研究了温度和阳极催化剂对其燃料电池开路电压和放电性能的影响。结果表明，甲烷在常温下能够进行电化学氧化，随着电池工作温度的升高，燃料电池的开路电压和功率密度逐渐增加。阳极催化剂的铂含量和催化剂的组成对甲烷的电化学氧化具有非常大的影响。90℃下使用Pt（40wt．％）-Ru（20wt．％）／C为阳极催化剂（催化剂担载量：（2mg Pt＋1 mg Ru）·cm^-2），在以甲烷为燃料时，质子交换膜燃料电池功率密度达到了5．4mW·cm^-2。     

质子交换膜燃料电池研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC）因具有效率高、功率密度大、排放产物仅为水、低温启动性好等多方面优点,被公认为下一代车用动力的发展方向之一。然而,目前PEMFC在耐久性和成本方面距离商业化的要求还存在一定差距。为攻克上述两大难题,需要燃料电池全产业链的共同努力和进步。本文回顾了近年来质子交换膜燃料电池从催化剂、膜电极组件、电堆到燃料电池发动机全产业链的研究进展和成果,梳理出单原子催化剂、非贵金属催化剂、特殊形貌催化剂、有序化催化层、高温质子交换膜、膜电极层间界面优化、一体化双极板-扩散层、氢气系统循环等研究热点。文章指出,催化层低铂/非铂化、质子交换膜超薄化、膜电极组件梯度化/有序化、燃料电池运行高温化、自增湿化是未来的发展趋势,迫切需要进一步的创新与突破。     

Review of non-platinum anode catalysts for DMFC and PEMFC application

Articles devoted to non-platinum anode catalysts for DMFC and PEMFC application, operated in acidic media were reviewed. Several classes of possible platinum substitutes based on transition metal carbides, oxides, alloys and new exotic catalysts were described, with focus on synthetic methods, corrosion stability and activity in reactions of methanol/hydrogen oxidation. Directions for future research in field of non-platinum anode materials were discussed.     

酸性环境中甲醇电氧化催化剂的研究进展

甲醇的电催化氧化是直接甲醇燃料电池的核心反应,高效、长寿命的阳极催化剂的开发是直接甲醇燃料电池研究的一个重要方向。本文总结了近年来酸性环境中直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究进展,包括甲醇电催化反应机理、催化剂的设计合成及其应用。重点介绍了铂基催化剂纳米材料活性和稳定性的增强策略,如组分调控、形貌调控、非金属掺杂以及氧化物的协同催化、载体材料的选用等。最后,对阳极催化剂目前仍存在的制备成本高、催化剂耐久性不足、表征技术有限等问题进行了分析讨论,并对阳极催化剂未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Formic acid oxidation by carbon-supported palladium catalysts in direct formic acid fuel cell

The oxidation of formic acid by the palladium catalysts supported on carbon with high surface area was investigated. Pd/C catalysts were prepared by using the impregnation method. 30 wt% and 50 wt% Pd/C catalysts had a high BET surface area of 123.7 m²/g and 89.9 m²/g, respectively. The fuel cell performance was investigated by changing various parameters such as anode catalyst types, oxidation gases and operating temperature. Pd/C anode catalysts had a significant effect on the direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) performance. DFAFC with Pd/C anode catalyst showed high open circuit potential (OCP) of about 0.84 V and high power density at room temperature. The fuel cell with 50 wt% Pd/C anode catalyst using air as an oxidant showed the maximum power density of 99 mW/cm². On the other hand, a fuel cell with 50 wt% Pd/C anode catalyst using oxygen as an oxidant showed a maximum power density of 163 mW/cm² and the maximum current density of 590 mA/cm² at 60 °C.     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究进展

阳极催化剂是影响直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）性能及成本的主要因素之一,从催化剂载体选择、复合催化剂的制备、非贵金属催化剂研究三方面综述了DMFC阳极催化剂国内外研究现状,并进行了简要分析,展望了其应用前景。     

Platinum-based ternary catalysts for low temperature fuel cells: Part II. Electrochemical properties

The development of high performance electrode materials is currently one of the main activities in the field of the low temperature fuel cells, fuelled with H₂/CO or low molecular weight alcohols. A promising way to attain higher catalytic performance is to add a third element to the best binary catalysts actually used as anode and cathode materials. In Part I of this review an overview of the preparation and structural characteristics of Pt-based ternary catalysts was presented. This part of the review deals with the electrochemical properties of these catalysts regarding their CO tolerance and electrocatalytic activity for methanol and ethanol oxidation in the case of anode materials, and their activity for oxygen reduction and stability in fuel cell conditions when used as cathode materials.     

Influence of preparation process of MEA with mesocarbon microbeads supported Pt–Ru catalysts on methanol electrooxidation

The effects of mesocarbon microbeads support for platinum–ruthenium (Pt–Ru) catalysts on anode performance of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were investigated. Polarization characteristics of the anode electrode were low due to the fast rate of mass transport in the electrode. The effects of the Nafion^® content in the catalyst, the MEA hot press condition, the cell operation temperature and methanol concentration on the polarization curves of the anode were also investigated.     

Physical and electrochemical characterization of catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells

The cathode catalysts in low temperature fuel cells are associated with major cell efficiency losses, because of kinetic limitations of the oxygen reduction reaction. Additionally, methanol oxidation at the cathode leads to significant lowering of the efficiency in direct methanol fuel cells, which can be alleviated by use of methanol-tolerant catalysts. In this work, alternative carbon-supported platinum-alloy catalysts were investigated by physical methods. Second, methanol-tolerant ruthenium-selenide catalysts were characterized by physical and electrochemical methods. Besides V–i characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as electrochemical methods, physical methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, porosimetry by mercury intrusion and temperature programmed reduction are used to characterize the catalysts. The electrochemical characterization yields information about properties and behavior of the catalyst. In contrast to platinum a significantly different hydrophobic behavior of the RuSe/C catalysts is found. Low open circuit voltage values measured for RuSe/C indicate an effect on both electrodes. The anode reaction was also influenced by the different cathode catalysts. As a result of the formation of H₂O₂ at the cathode, which passes through the membrane from cathode to anode side, a mixed anode potential is formed. By comparing RuSe/C catalysts before and after electrochemical stressing, changes of the catalysts are determined. Postmortem surface analysis (by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) revealed that catalyst composition and MEA structure changed during electrochemical stressing. During fuel cell operation selenium oxide is removed from the surface of the catalysts to a large extent. Additionally, a segregation effect of selenium in RuSe to the surface is identified.