不同地理种源栓皮栎幼苗生长与物质分配的变化趋势

该研究通过收集栓皮栎5个地理种源(北京平谷、河南内乡、江西永修、湖北秭归和湖南城步)种子并在栓皮栎自然分布南界以南(广东鹤山)进行培育,考察自然增温对不同地理种源栓皮栎当年生幼苗的生长性状、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的积累以及迁移和养分分配的影响,探讨在未来气候变暖情景下不同地理种源树木在生长与物质分配方面是否存在某种地理趋势。结果表明:(1)栓皮栎全株NSC浓度随种源地纬度增加而呈显著上升趋势,且该趋势以叶片NSC浓度(特别是可溶性糖浓度)所主导;不同器官间,叶片可溶性糖和根系淀粉浓度均随种源地纬度增加而增加,而根系可溶性糖浓度则相反;茎NSC及其组分无明显地理趋势。(2)在养分方面,栓皮栎不同器官N浓度及叶片P浓度均随种源地纬度的增加而增加,叶片氮磷比则随种源地纬度增加而显著下降;除叶片外,不同器官的N利用效率和P利用效率均随种源地纬度的增加而呈现微弱下降趋势。(3)栓皮栎幼苗的相对生长速率随种源地纬度增加而呈显著下降趋势,且与全株可利用碳库(主要指NSC)呈极显著负相关关系。结合已有研究,初步认为栓皮栎幼苗生长及物质分配的地理格局主要受遗传因素所控制。     

氮磷添加对金露梅叶片化学计量及光合特征的影响

通过三种养分添加处理,氮添加(5、10和15 g??m-2)、磷添加(梯度同氮添加)、氮磷同时添加[(5 g N＋5 g P)??m-2、(10 g N＋10 g P)??m-2、(15 g N＋15 g P)??m-2],对照(无养分添加),探讨养分添加对金露梅叶片性状氮含量(Nmas )、磷含量(Pmas )、氮磷比(N∶P)、比叶重(LMA)、净光合速率(Pn )和光合氮利用效率(PNUE)的影响,以及各性状之间的相互关系.结果表明：在处理水平上,除N或P显著提高金露梅叶片的N∶P外,氮、磷添加对叶片其它性状无显著影响;不同氮、磷处理下添加水平对金露梅叶片的Nmas、N∶P、Pn和PNUE均有显著影响,随着养分水平提高,各性状的变化模式各不相同,叶片Pmas无明显变化,而叶片LMA虽有降低的趋势但不显著.回归分析表明,叶片Pmas与Nmas之间呈显著正相关(R2＝0．347,P＜0．001),叶片Nmas 与N∶P之间也呈显著正相关(R2＝0．018,P＜0．05),而叶片Pmas与N∶P呈显著负相关(R2＝0．505,P＜0．001);叶片LMA与Pn之间显著负相关(R2＝0．02,P＜0．05),而与PNUE之间显著正相关(R2＝0．077,P＜0．001).这表明在一定范围内,环境变化可以改变金露梅叶片的养分保持能力、光合能力以及养分利用效率.     

半干旱典型草原养分添加对优势物种叶片氮磷及非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响

在7年的养分添加(对照、低磷、低氮、低氮高磷和高氮低磷)试验基础上,测定了内蒙古半干旱典型草原优势种大针茅(Stipa grandis)和羊草(Leymus chinensis)叶片氮、磷、可溶性碳水化合物和淀粉含量。结果表明:两物种叶片氮、可溶性碳水化合物、淀粉及非结构性碳水化合物含量对养分添加有显著的响应(P0.05),养分添加与物种有显著的交互作用(P0.05);加氮显著增加了两物种植物叶片氮含量(P0.05),单加N处理显著降低了两物种叶片中的淀粉含量(P0.05),单加磷处理显著增加了羊草叶片可溶性碳水化合物含量(P0.05),高氮低磷处理显著降低两物种叶片非结构性碳水化合物总量(P0.05)。大针茅叶片各变量对磷添加无明显的响应,其叶片相对较高的C/N、C/P和可溶性碳水化合物/淀粉比,表明其具有相对较高的可直接利用的碳水化合物以及较高的氮、磷养分利用效率;羊草对外源养分的添加具有相对较强的竞争吸收能力。     

氮磷复合肥添加对高寒草甸金露梅灌丛中豆科植物的影响

以高寒草甸金露梅灌丛为研究对象,通过添加不同量的氮磷复合肥NH₄H₂PO₄(0、40、80、120g·m^-2),测定了花苜蓿(Medicago ruthenica Linn.)、异叶米口袋(Gueldenstae dtiadiversifolia Maxim)、甘肃棘豆(Oxytropis kansuensis Bunge.)的地上生物量、叶片氮磷含量和土壤氮磷含量,探讨了添加氮磷之后豆科植物的叶片氮磷含量、N:P比值在处理间和种间的差异以及它们与土壤养分之间的关系。结果表明,添加氮磷使花苜蓿和异叶米口袋叶片中的磷含量和N:P比值发生显著变化,而对叶片氮含量的影响不显著。氮磷的添加对甘肃棘豆的氮磷含量无显著影响。就总的豆科植物而言,不论种内还是种间,平均可变性都是磷变化最大,氮变化最小,N:P比值居中。植物叶片的氮磷含量以及N:P比值与土壤速效氮磷没有显著相关性。比较不同处理下的数据可知,添加氮磷复合肥主要增加了豆科植物对磷素的养分吸收。三个物种对氮磷的吸收能力不同,叶片的氮磷含量比N:P比值更能反映植物对氮磷的吸收利用情况。一次性施用氮磷复合肥不能提高第二年的氮供应能力,但是会提高土壤的有效磷供应。为保护豆科牧草的产量,对于金露梅灌丛草地施用磷酸二氢铵的量不应超过80g·m^-2。     

增温对若尔盖高寒草本沼泽木里薹草氮磷重吸收的影响

养分重吸收是植物重要的营养保存机制和养分循环的重要组成部分,温度变化会影响植物养分吸收。为了探讨若尔盖高原沼泽湿地植物木里薹(Carex muliensis)草养分重吸收特征对气候变暖的响应,本研究通过野外模拟增温实验,测定木里薹草成熟叶片和衰老叶片的氮(N)、磷(P)含量并分析其重吸收效率差异。结果表明：木里薹草叶片N、P含量均值分别为11.44和1.19 mg·g^-1,N重吸收效率(NRE)、P重吸收效率(PRE)均值分别为61.8%和69.0%,增温显著降低了成熟叶片氮含量,显著提高了衰老叶片磷含量(P<0.01),对成熟叶片磷含量和衰老叶片氮含量没有显著影响;增温显著降低了成熟叶片和衰老叶片N∶P(P<0.01)及NRE(P<0.05)和PRE(P<0.01);木里薹草叶片氮磷重吸收效率与成熟叶片氮磷含量呈显著正相关,与衰老叶片氮磷含量呈显著负相关;木里薹草生长受P限制,而增温可能导致限制情况发生变化,木里薹草叶片养分重吸收还可能受到化学计量调控。研究结果将有助于了解和预测若尔盖高原养分循环对未来气候变化的响应,并为气候变暖下高寒草...     

氮磷添加对呼伦贝尔草甸草原4种优势植物根系和叶片C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响

近年来大量的氮添加实验表明,持续氮沉降往往会造成植物生长由氮限制转变为磷限制或氮磷共限制,但目前还很少有报道涉及磷添加或氮磷共同添加以研究氮磷元素之间的平衡/失衡的生态后果。本研究依托额尔古纳氮磷添加平台,研究了草甸草原4种优势植物羊草(Leymus chinensis)、贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)、狭叶柴胡(Bupleurum scorzonerifolium)和披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata)根系及叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量与计量特征的变化。结果表明:氮添加或磷添加对4种植物根、叶部的C含量均无显著影响;磷添加对羊草、贝加尔针茅和狭叶柴胡的根、叶部N含量和C∶N无显著影响,对羊草根部、狭叶柴胡叶部的P含量和C∶P也无显著影响,但显著增加了羊草叶、狭叶柴胡根以及贝加尔针茅根和叶部的P含量,降低了其C∶P;氮添加显著提高了羊草、贝加尔针茅和狭叶柴胡根、叶部的N含量,降低了其C∶N,对羊草和狭叶柴胡根、叶部的P含量和C∶P无显著影响,但显著增加贝加尔针茅根、叶部的P含量和降低其C∶P,同时显著提高了羊草、贝加尔针茅和狭叶柴胡根、叶部的N∶P;氮添加和磷添加对豆科植物披针叶黄华根、叶部的养分含量与计量特征均无显著影响;氮磷添加对4种植物根、叶部养分含量与计量特征的影响均不存在显著交互作用。研究结果说明,物种属性在决定植物养分和化学计量特征对养分富集的响应方面发挥着重要作用。不同物种养分含量和计量特征发生的改变对于预测未来养分富集情况下植物群落组成的改变将具有重要参考意义。     

麻栎种源林叶片碳、氮、磷化学计量特征的变异

结合林木育种方法,以3个麻栎种源试验林为研究对象,测定了29个麻栎种源叶片碳、氮、磷化学计量特征.结果表明: 地点(环境)显著影响叶片碳、氮、磷、碳氮比、碳磷比、氮磷比,解释量占总变异量的13.2%～66.7%,而种源(遗传)的影响并不显著,解释量只占总变异量的2.9%～11.0%.叶片氮与碳氮比、氮与氮磷比、磷与碳磷比、磷与氮磷比均具有显著的相关性,且无论是地点间还是东西部种源间均存在共同的标准化主轴斜率.表明在单一树种(麻栎)水平上,种源间具有相似的碳、氮、磷生化过程,其叶片化学计量特征主要受环境的影响;而化学计量特征在地点间和东西部种源间稳定的相关系数反映出叶片化学计量特征的特定耦合比例不受环境和种源的影响,支持化学计量学的内稳性理论.     

热带次生林不同林层植物叶片非结构性碳水化合物的季节变化及其对氮磷添加的响应

非结构性碳水化合物(Non-structural Carbohydrates, NSCs)是植物生长代谢过程中重要的能量来源。通过在华南热带次生林进行氮磷添加试验,探究不同林层植物叶片NSCs的季节变化及其对氮磷添加的响应,取样时间为2019年1月、4月、7月和10月。结果表明:1)植物叶片NSCs存在显著的种间差异,磷(P)添加对叶片淀粉和NSCs含量具有显著影响,且物种与磷添加的交互作用显著影响叶片淀粉含量。2)黑嘴蒲桃和紫玉盘叶片NSCs含量对氮(N)添加的响应较为敏感,而白车和竹节叶片NSCs含量对P添加的响应较为敏感,氮磷同时添加(+NP)对植物叶片NSCs的增效作用最好。3)植物叶片NSCs存在显著的季节性变化,且季节与林层间的交互作用对叶片可溶性糖和NSCs含量具有显著影响。4)不同林层植物对氮磷添加的响应不同,氮磷添加使林下层植物叶片可溶性糖含量增高,林冠层降低,在干季,N添加会使林下层植物叶片淀粉含量增高,林冠层降低。P添加的影响恰好与之相反。在湿季,氮磷添加使林下层和林冠层植物叶片的淀粉含量增加。5)林冠层植物叶片NSCs含量高于林下层,且林下层植物叶片NSCs含量...     

不同林龄杉木人工林的水分利用效率与叶片养分浓度

以亚热带不同林龄(3、8、14、21、46年生)杉木人工林为研究对象,探索不同叶龄(当年生、1年生、2年生和3年生)叶片氮、磷养分状况和水分利用效率的差异及其相互关系.结果表明: 不同叶龄水分利用效率差异显著,总体趋势为当年生>1年生>2年生>3年生,而林龄对水分利用效率影响不显著.叶片N/P为11.4～19.6,其中,幼龄林和老龄林叶片N/P高于速生期林分叶片N/P,氮、磷浓度随叶龄的变化趋势一致,为当年生>1年生>2年生>3年生.水分利用效率随林龄变化不显著,可能是因为叶片光合速率和气孔导度同时随林龄下降.水分利用效率与叶片氮浓度相关不显著,而与叶片磷浓度呈显著正相关,与N/P呈显著负相关,表明在氮沉降增加的背景下,亚热带森林中植物磷含量逐渐成为影响水分利用效率的重要因子.     

不同降水条件下荒漠草原植物的养分含量及回收对增温和氮素添加的响应

为了探讨荒漠草原植物养分回收特征对长期增温和氮素添加的响应以及自然降水变异对其的调控作用,该研究依托实施12年的模拟增温和氮素添加实验平台,在相对多雨的2016年(超过长期均值52%)和相对少雨的2017年(低于长期均值16%),以常见C_3植物银灰旋花(Convolvulus ammannii)和C_4植物木地肤(Kochia prostrata)为研究对象,测定分析绿叶和枯叶的氮磷含量及回收效率。结果表明:(1)在相对多雨年(2016年),增温使2种植物的绿叶氮、枯叶氮、绿叶磷、枯叶磷含量分别增加了14.32%、25.45%、17.97%和46.47%,氮、磷回收效率分别显著减小了9.41%和16.99%(P0.05);氮素添加使2种植物的绿叶氮、枯叶氮、绿叶磷、枯叶磷含量分别提高了17.32%、25.62%、20.21%和51.41%,而氮、磷回收效率显著降低了9.33%和18.89%(P0.05);增温+氮素添加共同处理显著增加了植物氮磷含量、降低了氮磷回收效率。(2)在相对少雨年(2017年),增温、氮素添加、增温+氮素添加处理对植物叶片氮磷含量、回收效率均无显著影响。(3)叶片氮磷含量在物种间差异极显著(P0.000 1),而氮磷回收效率在物种间无显著差异。(4)回归分析表明,植物叶片氮磷含量随着土壤无机氮、有效磷及含水量的增加而增加,植物氮磷回收效率则随着土壤养分和水分的可利用性的增加而降低。研究认为,荒漠草原植物养分回收对全球变化的响应受自然降水变异的调控。     

Physiological integration impacts nutrient use and stoichiometry in three clonal plants under heterogeneous habitats

Physiological integration facilitates clonal plants to deal with heterogeneous resources. However, little is known about how nutrient patchiness affects its use and stoichiometry in clonal plants. We conducted an experiment with Cynodon dactylon, Glechoma longituba, and Potentilla reptans to address the effects of physiological integration on nutrient use efficiency and N:P ratios. For C. dactylon, the effects of nutrient patchiness on N use efficiency (NUE), P use efficiency (PUE), and N:P ratio were stronger in daughter ramets than in parent ramets; for G. longituba, nutrient patchiness affected PUE and N:P ratio of parent and daughter ramets, but not NUE; for P. reptans, nutrient patchiness decreased NUE, PUE, and N:P ratio, regardless of parent or daughter ramets. PUE was associated with N:P ratios in three clonal plants and this association of NUE with N:P ratios varied with species. Our findings suggest that physiological integration alters nutrient use efficiency and N:P ratios of clonal plants under patchy nutrients and that these effects are linked to clonal species identity.     

Role of phosphorus and nitrogen in photosynthetic and whole plant carbon gain and nutrient use efficiency in eastern white pine

Summary In white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings grown in five forest soils from New York State, net photosynthetic capacity (Amax) plant^-1 was correlated with total foliar N plant^-1 (r ²=0.57), but was more highly correlated with total foliar P plant^-1 (r ²=0.82). There was no relationship (r ²<0.01) between Amax [g leaf]^-1 and foliar N [g leaf]^-1 for the pooled data set, but there was a significant (P<0.001), but weak (r ²=0.20) positive relationship between Amax [g leaf]^-1 and foliar P [g leaf]^-1 across all soils. However, within two of the five soils leaf N concentration was a significant (P<0.05) determinant of photosynthetic capacity. Due to differences in soil nutrient availabilities a large range in foliar P:N ratio (0.02–0.15) was observed, and the proportion of leaf P:N appeared to control Amax [g leaf N]^-1. Whole plant nitrogen (NUE) and phosphorus (PUE) use efficiencies were well correlated with whole plant P:N ratio. In addition, NUE was well correlated with Amax [g leaf N]^-1 and PUE was well correlated with Amax [g leaf P]^-1. However, NUE was not well correlated with PUE, and Amax [g leaf N]^-1 was not well correlated with Amax [g leaf P]^-1. These results indicated that P and/or N limitations were important components of photosynthetic nutrient relations in white pine grown in these five soils and suggest that both P and N and their proportions should be considered in analyses of photosynthesis-nutrient relations.     

异质养分环境下邻株竞争对3个木荷种源干物质积累及氮磷效率的影响

为了探究不同木荷种源混交林和纯林生产力差异原因,采用盆栽试验,模拟异质和同质性森林土壤环境,并设计木荷单植、双株纯植和与杉木混植3种栽植模式,重点研究了异质养分环境下邻株竞争对3个木荷种源(福建建瓯、江西信丰和浙江龙泉种源)干物质积累及氮磷效率的影响。结果表明:与同质养分环境相比,木荷种源在异质养分环境中具有干物质量大,氮、磷吸收效率高的特点,尤以福建建瓯种源优势最大。邻株竞争对木荷种源的干物质量和氮、磷吸收效率影响显著。在异质养分环境中,与杉木邻株竞争时,木荷福建建瓯种源干物质积累量优于单植和双株纯植模式。这与其根冠比和生理可塑性较强有关,混植时,其根冠比明显降低,将更多的干物质分配至叶片,增强了光合能力;同时氮、磷吸收效率也显著提高,进而积累了较高的干物质量,提高了竞争力。相反,混植时江西信丰和浙江龙泉种源氮和磷吸收效率却不同程度地低于其单植或与之相近,根冠比较高,结果影响了干物质积累。同种邻株竞争虽促进了浙江龙泉和江西信丰种源的氮、磷吸收,但抑制了两元素的利用效率,而福建建瓯种源氮、磷效率受影响较小,且明显高于其他种源,从而形成较高的干物质量。以上研究结果表明,福建建瓯种源较高的生物量分配和生理可塑性是其生产力高和生长竞争优势明显主要原因。     

植物的养分利用效率(NUE)及植物对养分胁迫环境的适应策略

提高养分利用效率（ＮＵＥ）是植物适应贫瘠生境的一种重要的竞争策略。养分利用效率的概念从提出到现在,曾用多个参数描述,其间经历了一个不断完善的发展过程。通过综述近年来相关的研究结果,可以初步得出以下结论：⑴不同种,不同生活型植物,乃至同株植物不同器官的ＮＵＥ存在不同程度的差异。⑵ＮＵＥ受多种因素影响。其中,养分有效性的影响研究较多,但争议较大,综合考虑,它对ＮＵＥ的影响不甚显著;叶片脱落持续时间的影     

Variation in the use efficiency of N under moderate water deficit in tomato plants (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum lycopersicum</Emphasis>) differing in their tolerance to drought

Nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is one of the determining factors in crop productivity. However, the accumulation and use of this nutrient can be affected by several elements, including the species or cultivar and the water supply. Currently, one agricultural priority is to improve NUE together with greater water-deficit tolerance of crops in Mediterranean environments in order to reduce the application of nitrogenous fertilizers and boost production. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of different tomato-plant genotypes in relation to NUE under water stress conditions and optimal nitrogen condition. The water deficit provoked a decline in the concentration and uptake of N in all the cultivars except in cv. Zarina, which improved its NUE under these conditions. In turn, it was this cultivar which underwent the strongest relative growth during water stress together with the greatest leaf relative-water content, which could be associated with improved NUE.     

Soil nutrient patchiness affects nutrient use efficiency,though not photosynthesis and growth of parental Glechoma longituba ramets: both patch contrast and direction matter

Aims Most plants are clonal in nature. Clonal ramets can share water, nutrients and photosynthate, especially when they experience patchy resources. Patch contrast (i.e. a difference in resources among patches) and patch direction (i.e. source–sink relations) are among the basic attributes of spatial patchiness. Here, I hypothesize that young established ramets in nutrient-rich patches support old ramets in nutrient-poor patches when ramets are subjected to different patch contrasts and patch directions.Methods In a greenhouse experiment, old and young ramets of Glechoma longituba were grown in four combinations consisting of patch contrast and patch direction. Minus patch direction refers to a patch combination in which parent ramets grow in nutrient-rich patches while connected daughter ramets grow in nutrient-poor ones and plus patch direction is the opposite direction. I measured photosynthesis and fluorescence traits, harvested all ramets, took morphological measures, weighed their dry mass and determined their nutrient uptake and use.Important findings For parental ramets of G. longituba, patch contrast and patch direction and their interactions had no significant effects on net photosynthetic rate, maximal fluorescence yield, photochemical quenching (quenching refers to any process which decreases the fluorescence intensity of a given substance), non-photochemical quenching, nutrient uptake, biomass and stolon weight ratio. Patch direction alone significantly affected root weight ratio. Large patch contrast enhanced N use efficiency (NUE) and P use efficiency (PUE); plus patch direction decreased NUE, but increased PUE; the patch contrast by patch direction interaction affected PUE and K use efficiency (KUE). There were significant interactions between patch direction and patch contrast on PUE and KUE. It is concluded that soil nutrient patchiness may influence nutrient use strategies, but not nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and growth of parent ramets of G. longituba connected to daughter ramets, and that patch contrast and patch direction jointly affect PUE and KUE.     

Nitrogen Uptake and Plant Growth I. Effect of Nitrogen Removal on Growth of Polygonum cuspidatum

Polygonun cuspidatum was grown hydroponically to examine theeffect of nitrogen removal from the nutrient solution upon plantgrowth and the partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen amongorgans. Nitrogen removal reduced the growth rate mainly dueto the reduced growth of leaf area. Accelerated root growthwas observed only in plants which earlier had received highlevels of nitrogen. Nitrogen removal caused almost exclusiveallocation of available nitrogen to root growth. Nitrogen fluxfrom the shoot to the root occurred in plants which had receivedlow nitrogen. Not only was net assimilation rate (NAR) littleaffected by nitrogen removal, but it also was not correlatedwith the concentration of leaf nitrogen on an area basis. Light-saturatedCO₂ exchange rate (CER) was highly correlated with the concentrationof leaf nitrogen. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in CER (CERdivided by leaf nitrogen) remained constant against leaf nitrogen,indicating efficient use of nitrogen under light saturation,while NUE in terms of NAR decreased with higher concentrationof leaf nitrogen. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zuce., CO₂ exchange rate, growth analysis, leaf nitrogen, net assimilation rate, nitrogen use efficiency, partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen     

Nutrient use efficiency in evergreen and deciduous species from heathlands

Summary The nutrient (N, P) use efficiency (NUE: g g^–1 nutrient), measured for the entire plant, of field populations of the evergreen shrubs Erica tetralix (in a wet heathland) and Calluna vulgaris (in a dry heathland) and the deciduous grass Molinia caerulea (both in a wet and a dry heathland) was compared. Erica and Calluna are crowded out by Molinia when nutrient availability increases. NUE was measured as the product of the mean residence time of a unit of nutrient in the population (MRT: yr) and nutrient productivity (A: annual productivity per unit of nutrient in the population, g g^–1 nutrient yr^–1. It was hypothesized that 1) in low-nutrient habitats selection is on features leading to a high MRT, whereas in high-nutrient habitats selection is on features leading to a high A; and that 2) due to evolutionary trade-offs plants cannot combine genotypically determined features which maximize both components of NUE.Both total productivity and litter production of the Molinia populations exceeded that of both evergreens about three-fold. Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption from senescing shoots was much lower in the evergreens compared with Molinia. In a split-root experiment no nutrient resorption from senescing roots was observed. Nutrient concentrations in the litter were equal for all species, except for litter P-concentration of Molinia at the wet site. Both Erica and Calluna had a long mean residence time of both nitrogen and phosphorus and a low nitrogen and phosphorus productivity. The Molinia populations showed a shorter mean residence time of N and P and a higher N- and P-productivity. These patterns resulted in an equal nitrogen use efficiency and an almost equal phosphorus use efficiency for the species under study. However, when only aboveground NUE was considered the Molinia populations had a much higher NUE than the evergreens.The results are consistent with the hypotheses. Thus, the low potential growth rate of species from low-nutrient habitats is probably the consequence of their nutrient conserving strategy rather than a feature on which direct selection takes place in these habitats.     

茂兰喀斯特区68种典型植物叶片化学计量特征

研究茂兰喀斯特区不同功能(类)群植物叶片的养分含量及化学计量特征,揭示其在时间和空间尺度上的变化规律,阐明碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)等养分含量与C∶N∶P间的相互关系,探讨N∶P对该区域植物生长的指示作用,以期能够更深入的了解其养分利用状况及适生性,为喀斯特森林的稳定性及维持机制提供理论依据。以茂兰喀斯特区68种典型植物为研究对象,分别测定不同生长阶段植物叶片的C、N、P和K含量,并计算其化学计量比。结果表明:研究区68种植物分属40科62属;其叶片C、N、P和K含量的几何平均值分别为445.87 g/kg、17.32 g/kg、1.35 g/kg和9.86 g/kg,C∶N的算术平均值为26.93,C∶P、C∶K、N∶P、N∶K和P∶K的几何平均值分别为330.93、45.22、12.85、1.76和0.137;C与N呈极显著负相关,N与P、K以及P与K均呈极显著正相关,N与C∶P和C∶K、P与C∶N、C∶K和N∶K以及K与C∶N、C∶P和N∶P均呈极显著负相关,且它们之间均具有二次函数、指数函数或幂函数的非线性耦合关系;从变异程度来看,C含量为弱变异,N、P、K含量及各元素的化学计量比则均属中等变异或强变异。从植物不同生活型来比较,各生长阶段的C含量均表现为灌木乔木草本,N、P和K含量均为草本灌木乔木,各元素的化学计量比则均为乔木灌木草本。从植物不同系统发育来分析,各生长阶段蕨类植物的N、P、K含量均要高于种子植物,而各元素的化学计量比则正好相反。从不同生长阶段来看,各功能(类)群植物生长期(或生长盛期)的养分含量均要高于落叶期(或生长末期);乔木、灌木和草本等不同生活型植物落叶期的C∶P、C∶K、N∶P和N∶K均要高于生长期;蕨类植物各元素的化学计量比不同生长阶段间差异都不显著;而种子植物的C∶P、C∶K、N∶P和N∶K则均表现为落叶期生长期。对比我国其他地区及全国和全球尺度上的研究结果,该区域植物的生长发育易受N和P素的双重限制,但又因功能(类)群及生长阶段的不同其受限的养分元素也存在一定差异,体现了对高度异质的喀斯特生境不同的适应策略;而植物体内较高的K含量则可能是提高其自身抗性、适应恶劣环境的重要因素。减少人为干扰、加之适当的保护,在植物生长期配以适量的N素添加,有利于其更好的生长发育,有助于提高喀斯特森林生态系统的稳定性和抗干扰性。研究结果揭示了喀斯特森林植物的适生机制,对喀斯特森林的保护具有重要的指导意义。     

Leaf-level nitrogen use efficiency: definition and importance

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been widely used to study the relationship between nitrogen uptake and dry mass production in the plant. As a subsystem of plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), I have defined leaf-level NUE as the surplus production (gross production minus leaf respiration) per unit amount of nitrogen allocated to the leaf, with factorization into leaf nitrogen productivity (NP) and mean residence time of leaf nitrogen (MRT). These concepts were applied to two herbaceous stands: a perennial Solidago altissima stand and an annual Amaranthus patulus stand. S. altissima had more than three times higher leaf NUE than A. patulus due to nearly three times longer MRT of leaf N. In both species, NUE and NP were higher at the leaf level than at the plant level, because most leaf N is involved directly in the photosynthetic activity and because leaf surplus production is higher than the plant net production. MRT was longer at the plant level. The more than twice as long MRT at the plant level as at the leaf level in S. altissima was due to a large contribution of nitrogen storage belowground in the winter in this species. Thus, comparisons between a perennial and an annual system and between plant- and leaf-level NUE with their components revealed the importance of N allocation, storage, recycling, and turnover of organs for leaf photosynthetic production and plant dry mass growth.