THE ESPACES STUDY: DESIGNING,DEVELOPING AND MANAGING LEARNING SPACES FOR EFFECTIVE LEARNING

This paper was given as a key note at the North West Academic Libraries conference ‘Designing Spaces for Learning: Flexible learning spaces, libraries and changing roles’ in September 2006 and was adapted from the eSpaces study so that it met the aims and objectives of the North West Academic Libraries conference. The eSpaces study is shorthand for the Joint Information Systems Committee's ‘Study on How Innovative Technologies are Influencing the Design of Physical Learning Spaces in the Post-16 Sector’. The need for this study came from a recognition that most, if not all, education institutions are now integrating learning technologies into the design of new buildings and the refurbishment of existing ones. Managed learning environments, mobile computing, wireless local area networks and broadband are just a few of the technologies that are influencing how we design, use and manage our learning spaces. They are also changing how we design our libraries. The key findings of this study are outlined and the implications for library space and staff roles discussed.     

LEARNING THE SOCIAL WAY: ENHANCING LEARNING IN A TRADITIONAL SETTING

This article explores the link between pedagogical approaches to learning and the redevelopment of existing spaces. It focuses upon trends in social learning and the need for libraries to respond to these in positive and proactive ways, placing the learner at the centre of developments. Not all universities and their libraries are in a position to extensively renovate or rebuild; the case study here provides an in-depth exploration of a ‘minor’ redevelopment that has had a major impact on learners. It concludes with considerations for the library and information profession in terms of their role in the development and management of learning spaces.     

学习共享空间的构建

在介绍信息共享空间向学习共享空间发展的基础上,以协作式学习模式在高校兴起为背景,论述了大学图书馆构建学习共享空间支持学生协作式学习和研究的必要性。认为学习共享空间是信息共享空间发展的新阶段和重要分支。从实体环境、虚拟环境和支持环境等几大方面阐述了建构学习共享空间的基本原则和应思考的问题。表明学习共享空间的构建是一个相对复杂的过程,布局合理、功能齐全和引人入胜的实体环境是其构建的基础,基于社区生态特征的虚拟协同环境是其构建的重要部分,跨学科和跨部门协同的支持环境是其构建的关键。     

Connected Learning in the Public Library: An Evaluative Framework for Developing Virtual Learning Spaces for Youth

This article presents an evaluative framework to aid public libraries in achieving a mission of providing informal learning opportunities through virtual spaces. Existing literature on assessments and evaluation is used to build the basic framework; the experiences of 21st Century Learning Labs in Libraries and Museum grant recipients are used to develop evaluative tools and examples for library practitioners to use in planning their own virtual spaces. This article serves as the first evaluative approach to the development of informal virtual learning spaces in public libraries.     

A Study Exploring Learners' Informal Learning Space Behaviors,Attitudes, and Preferences

What makes a successful informal learning space is a topic in need of further research. The body of discourse on informal space design is drawn from learning theory, placemaking, and architecture, with a need for understanding of the synergy between the three. Findings from a longitudinal, quantitative, and qualitative study at Sheffield Hallam University, explore learners' behaviors, attitudes, and preferences toward informal learning spaces in higher education, within and outside of the context of the academic library. The learning spaces study contributes to the discourse on informal learning spaces design by producing a typology of nine learning space preference attributes which address aspects of learning theory, placemaking, and architecture. The typology can be used to evaluate existing spaces and inform redevelopment of informal learning spaces in higher education institutions. Implementing the typology will be subject to localized conditions, but at Sheffield Hallam University the key conclusions have included developing a portfolio of discrete, interrelated learning environments, offering spaces with a clear identity and encouraging students to translate their learning preferences into space selection.     

大数据驱动的社交网络舆情生态性评价及实证研究

[目的/意义]在大数据时代,基于客观数据构建行之有效的社交网络舆情生态评价方法对网络生态治理和健康发展具有重要的意义。[方法/过程]本文以信息生态理论为基础,采用机器学习、敏感判断、关键词抽取等自然语言处理技术构建了社交网络舆情生态性评价算法。在数据处理过程中,采用基于Adaboost的集成学习方法,利用差异方法、特征集合构造分类器之间的互补效应,通过有效聚合多个基于统计和基于规则的情绪分析器,构建出情感分析模型,为评价指标体系提供支撑。实践层面,本文选出东北、沿海以及西部几个代表性区域运用所构建的评价算法对区域生态性进行评价和分析。[结果/结论]该评价方法的构建为政府、网站、网民携手净化社交网络空间具有重要的指导意义,并为社交网络舆情主题图谱的构建及调控策略的研究提供了重要的理论和实践基础。     

Library as a Partner in Co-Designing Learning Spaces: A Case Study at Tampere University of Technology,Finland

This article presents a case of co-designed temporary learning spaces at a Finnish academic library, together with the results of a user-survey. The experimental development of the multifunctional spaces offered an opportunity for the library to collaborate with its parent organisation thus broadening the role of the library. Hence, library can be seen as a third player facilitating learning spaces. Additionally, the library's own expertise was strengthened through successful cooperation with the undergraduate students and other actors. The results support prior research, where studying in the library is target-oriented differing from other learning spaces in providing support and resources.     

Locating Learning Development in a University Library: Promoting Effective Academic Help Seeking

The Centre for Learning and Study Support at De Montfort University relocated to the Department of Library Services in September 2006. During that academic year student use of study support tutorials increased by over 100%. This article considers the factors that led to this increase, using as a starting point, the experiences and opinions of students who have needed help for academic study. It analyzes student responses to a short survey. Many students do not ask for help and the survey findings suggest that this is more a response to ambivalence about the acceptability of needing help in higher education (HE) and less a positive decision about an individual's learning. The article goes on to identify the conditions that encourage appropriate help-seeking behavior and to suggest that these can be successfully created in the academic environment of a library. The article acknowledges the potential impact of social learning spaces on students’ approaches to learning and suggests that the integration of learning development activities facilitates an overtly positive learning environment.     

Unifying academic research and writing services: Student perspectives on a combined service model

Research and Writing tutoring frequently occur as separate activities, even in academic libraries which provide shared spaces for these activities. The authors' library experimented with co-staffing these services and providing students with options for shared consultations covering both writing and research in the same session. This article presents findings from a year-long study which surveyed students to determine learning outcomes and overall satisfaction with this shared service model. The article presents an original approach to service analysis, as most studies to-date focus on service provider feedback, rather than student assessment of service quality. Results from the survey, while indicating high levels of satisfaction, suggest that an even tighter integration of services is needed, with more cross-training on the jargon and approaches of each discipline.     

Academic libraries as learning spaces in Japan: Toward the development of learning commons

Since the beginning of the 1990s, new types of learning spaces at academic libraries have emerged mainly in North America. They are called “information commons” or “learning commons.” They provide various kinds of services, facilities, and materials in one location to support students’ learning. The idea of learning commons has been introduced to colleges and universities in Japan as well. The purpose of this study is to examine the present condition of learning spaces in university libraries in Japan. A questionnaire was sent to 755 main or central libraries at colleges and universities. The response rate was 69.4%. The results of the survey are as follows: (a) simple collaborative learning spaces with desk/desks and chairs have become modestly widespread, while advanced spaces with equipment for information and communication technology, such as computers or projectors, are not common; (b) many libraries provide computer clusters; and (c) cafés and/or beverage vending machines in libraries are still few in number. The survey also reveals that learning commons in Japan are in the early stage of development. Various types of learning spaces are recognized as learning commons. They range from a group learning room with Wi-Fi access to an entire learning commons, where several kinds of facilities, services, and information resources to support students’ learning in one location are provided. This diversification may be based on the confusion caused by the rapid introduction of learning commons in Japan. Many learning spaces may rebuild their own services in the near future because of their students’ needs.     

Crowdsourcing interactions: using crowdsourcing for evaluating interactive information retrieval systems

In the field of information retrieval (IR), researchers and practitioners are often faced with a demand for valid approaches to evaluate the performance of retrieval systems. The Cranfield experiment paradigm has been dominant for the in-vitro evaluation of IR systems. Alternative to this paradigm, laboratory-based user studies have been widely used to evaluate interactive information retrieval (IIR) systems, and at the same time investigate users’ information searching behaviours. Major drawbacks of laboratory-based user studies for evaluating IIR systems include the high monetary and temporal costs involved in setting up and running those experiments, the lack of heterogeneity amongst the user population and the limited scale of the experiments, which usually involve a relatively restricted set of users. In this paper, we propose an alternative experimental methodology to laboratory-based user studies. Our novel experimental methodology uses a crowdsourcing platform as a means of engaging study participants. Through crowdsourcing, our experimental methodology can capture user interactions and searching behaviours at a lower cost, with more data, and within a shorter period than traditional laboratory-based user studies, and therefore can be used to assess the performances of IIR systems. In this article, we show the characteristic differences of our approach with respect to traditional IIR experimental and evaluation procedures. We also perform a use case study comparing crowdsourcing-based evaluation with laboratory-based evaluation of IIR systems, which can serve as a tutorial for setting up crowdsourcing-based IIR evaluations.     

Learning Spaces in Public Libraries

This article focuses on the impact of learning spaces as well as collaborative technology, which affects library building and design. The article illustrates that learning spaces are an important component in the design of library buildings rather then a temporary trend. During each of our company's latest public library building projects, both librarians and architecture teams have recognized the need to support increases in learning activities. To bring more users to the public library, they recommended that the building needed increased seating to support training, education and in‐house cultural programming. The stories cited in this article suggest that there is a relationship between learning spaces and collaborative technology. Among librarians and library planners, learning spaces are seen as a unifying requirement for the expansion of library services. They recognize that the library's seating plan must include more learning spaces to support social networking, sharing and project base learning. Our qualitative findings suggest that public libraries need more learning spaces to support new types of digital work.     

面向数字图书馆的本体学习研究

面向语义Web的智能数字图书馆的实现很大程度上依赖于本体的建立,本体与数字图书馆中的数字资源采集、数字馆藏和用户访问网关都密切相关。在本体构建方面,目前存在的绝大多数本体都是手工生成的,该方法效率低、出错率高,更难以维护和更新。这对语义级数字图书馆的实现造成了巨大的障碍。为此提出了一种面向数字图书馆的本体学习方法GOLF,通过对各专业领域中大量的Web文档集和语料库进行挖掘来实现本体学习,并分别讨论了本体学习中本体概念的抽取、概念之间语义关系的抽取和分类体系的自动构建等关键技术。     

基于模糊层次分析法的微信英语学习平台用户满意度综合评价——以水滴阅读为例

[目的/意义]构建微信英语学习平台用户满意度评价体系，分析平台学习功能与用户需求的适应性，旨在为平台服务建设和运营推广提供评价方法和改进建议。[方法/过程]运用模糊层次分析法，结合微信英语学习平台特点构建用户满意度评价模型。以水滴阅读为例，运用问卷调查法收集数据并进行实证研究。[结果/结论]水滴阅读用户满意度评价指标体系中界面特征的用户满意度评价为很好；系统特征、服务品质、内容质量和交互能力的用户满意度评价为较好；反馈机制的用户满意度评价为一般；用户对平台的综合满意度等级为较好。微信英语学习平台应着重加强反馈机制设计，并提升系统特征、服务品质、内容质量和交互能力指标的建设。     

Fostering a Community of Scholars at the University of Warwick: The Wolfson Research Exchange

This article focuses on the University of Warwick's Wolfson Research Exchange which opened in October 2008. It describes the varied environment that the facility offers to Warwick's research community, and explores the service model provided. The new approaches to learning space design and the students’ expectations that informed and influenced the Research Exchange's creation (as well as its ongoing service development) are also discussed. This case study provides an overview of the Research Exchange's developments, successes, and lessons learned which could be applicable to other institutions exploring dedicated spaces and support for their research communities.     

平衡记分卡在图书馆中的应用

平衡记分卡是赢利性组织采用的绩效评价工具。图书馆可借鉴此种方法的原理，将平衡记分卡设计为5个部分，即组织愿景、投入产出、读者服务、内部业务、学习与成长，并通过对这些指标的即期数据和未来期望数据的对比，明确图书馆发展的战略方向。     

Approaches,Techniques, and Criteria for Serials Evaluation in the Electronic Environment

Abstract

An overview of traditional methods of evaluating serials collections and serial titles is presented and applied to electronic resources. Traditional methods such as holdings, checklist, conspectus, availability studies, document delivery studies, citation studies and use studies used for the evaluation of serials collections in print can be modified for the evaluation of electronic serials collections. Issues, problems and challenges associated with electronic serials evaluation are then outlined, and conclusions that emphasize the continuing importance of serials evaluation in the electronic environment are drawn.     

图书馆员的团队学习

应用学习型组织理论,从团队学习的目的、意义、方法、环境文化建设等方面探讨了图书馆员的团队学习,意在提高馆员整体团队智商,发挥整体效益。     

高校图书馆空间经济价值评估研究——以华东师范大学闵行校区图书馆为例

[目的/意义]图书馆价值评估已成为图书馆学界的研究热点,通过评估图书馆空间产生的经济价值,用数据验证图书馆空间为高校师生科研与学习做出的重要贡献,可为高校图书馆空间改造提供决策依据。[方法/过程]结合文献调研法和消费者剩余法,对图书馆不同类型空间及服务产生的经济价值进行计算和评估。[结果/结论]以本文方法估算的华东师范大学闵行校区图书馆空间每年产生的经济价值达2519万元;在开展空间经济价值评估时,要注意仔细梳理空间类型及服务,选择恰当的市场替代品。     

Academic library spaces and student activities during the COVID-19 pandemic

A library in higher education plays a primary role in students' learning on campus. In addition to individually-focused studying, students come to a library for various purposes, such as group learning, collaborating, and socializing. To support students' different types of learning, appropriate physical and functional environments of the spaces must be provided. However, the environmental effects of learning spaces have not been explored extensively. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced students to remain and study at home for extended periods, and it is expected that the pandemic experience has affected students' space use patterns. This study aims to examine the effect of the pandemic on students' library usage and to investigate the necessary environments to effectively support students' learning activities. Data was collected via interviews with 12 students. One of the main findings is that, even though students used the library less during the pandemic, they expected to use it as much as pre-pandemic or even more after the pandemic. Furthermore, both physical and functional environments were associated with the study performance and wellbeing of the students. Therefore, understanding students' learning activities and preferred environments in a library is critical to providing appropriate spaces supporting students' learning performance and wellbeing.