吉林省地体构造的基本特征

吉林省地体构造的一个显著特征是在早古生代以前，伊舒断裂两侧分属两个不同的大地构造单元，西侧的构造环境与华北大陆板块北缘相似，为受古蒙古洋作用的早生代活动陆缘，东侧为长白山一张广才岭地体添加带（也称联合地体（省内包括吉林－延边古生代增生褶皱带及辽吉台块。其中辽吉台块于新元古代到早寒纪位于赤道附的，以后沿巨型拆离面逐渐北移，于二叠纪末沿辉发河－古洞河拼贴带，与吉林一延边古生代陆缘增生褶皱带拼贴到一起。     

中国东北及邻区大陆边缘构造

中国东北及邻区大陆边缘包括两个构造带。内带由裂解的古陆碎块组成，其北部与古亚洲洋的演化有关，南部与古太平洋演化有关。外带由中生代地体组成。它们是晚古生代到早中生代的洋壳碎块与晚中生代的深海沟堆积组成的混杂体带。古亚洲洋封闭后到现代太平洋板块活动前，即由泥盆纪到侏罗纪曾存在过另一个大洋－古太平洋，其洋底扩张活动形成了上述的构造带。晚侏罗世后本区发育左旋平移断裂系，晚白垩世一早第三纪形成了大陆缘火山－     

东澳的地体增生与大陆生长

澳洲大陆向海洋方向的生长是现今保存在新英格兰造山带的地体逐渐增生的结果。这个造山带是众多以断层为界的构造地层地体的拼贴,其中包括火山弧(大陆边缘火山弧和洋内岛屿火山弧)、前弧盆地和俯冲杂岩。其主体属中晚古生代时期。在每一地体向澳洲大陆边缘增生期间或期后,都有横推断层作用造成某些地体解体成一系列不连续的构造岩块。含有各种外来岩块且以蛇纹岩为基质的混杂岩带标志着主要地体缝合线的存在。这些     

华北陆台北缘金矿类型及成矿区带

根据华北陆台北缘金矿的赋存部位和富集特点，划分出9种金矿类型。金矿的形成主要受韧性剪切带控制，多形成于韧脆性剪切带的上部；金的迁移和富集经历3个阶段：（1）地体表壳岩矿源层形成阶段；（2）地体拼贴期韧性剪切带形成阶段；（3）中生代、部分古生代岩浆－构造带形成阶段。控制金矿分布的是古生代近EW向和燕山期NE向构造带，主要为继承早期地体拼贴边界的长寿断裂。金矿集中区位于长寿断裂的交汇部位。     

内蒙古苏左旗南部华北板块北缘中新元古代—古生代裂解—汇聚事件的地质记录

内蒙古苏左旗南部温都尔庙群是不同时代、不同环境下的岩石组合经构造作用拼贴在一起的构造拼贴体。根据岩石组合、岩石地球化学和同位素年龄将其解体为古元古代宝音图解、中、新元古代温都尔庙群和早古生代蛇绿混杂堆积。宝音图群为陆缘拉张解体阶段源自结晶基底的裂解古陆块。中、新元古代温都尔庙群及赋存在早古生代蛇绿混杂堆积中的超镁铁岩、基性火山岩和硅质岩的洋壳组合代表中、新元古代－早古生代陆缘拉张解体阶段的拉张过渡壳，早古生代末－晚古生代初，本区构造体制由拉张转化为挤压，苏左旗南部出露的蛇绿混杂岩带以及大量的蚀变闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩代表本区晚古生代会聚阶段的挤压性过渡壳。     

华南陆域内古特提斯形迹、二叠纪造山作用和互换构造域的东延

华南大陆由扬子克拉通和华夏陆块拼合而成,后者具有滇缅泰马(Sibumasu)、印支等互换构造域内诸地块共同的特点。古特提斯洋的一个分支从两广-浙闽东部通过,沟通了以西越南黑水河(SongDa)带和以东环太平洋晚古生代大洋亲缘诸地体。这个分支始于华南中泥盆世的陆内裂陷作用,古生代末扩展成广海。晚二叠世的龙潭组含煤地层和钦防地区的放射虫硅质岩分别代表浅水台地和远海盆地两个不同地形台阶的沉积,中间隔着一个向南倾斜的大陆斜坡。东吴运动在两广交界地区产生磨拉石、混杂堆积,并伴生六万大山等S型花岗岩基,代表云开地块向北的拼贴。类似事件在闽浙东部可能一直持续到晚中生代。     

内蒙古苏左旗南部温都尔庙群地层研究的新进展

内蒙古苏左旗南部的温都尔庙群（北带）为典型大洋蛇绿岩,是晚古生代俯冲洋壳残片。研究表明,北带温都尔庙群是由不同时代。不同环境下的岩石组合经构造作用拼贴在一起的构造拼贴体。根据岩石组合、岩石地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素年龄重新厘定了温都尔庙群的时代,将其解体为古元古代宝音图群、中一新元古代温都尔庙群和早古生代蛇绿混杂岩。古元古代宝音图群岩石组合为各类片麻岩、绢云绿泥石英片岩、石英岩。千枚状片岩、大理岩和绿泥绿帘阳起片岩。绿泥绿帘阳起片岩Sm－Nd同位素等时线年龄为1910Ma,李述靖（1995）在昌特敖包深变质岩系…     

祁连山及其邻区大地构造基本特征──兼论早古生代海相火山岩的成因环境

作者对中、南祁连的大地构造属性提出了新的见解，认为它们和柴达木地块具有同一前震旦纪基底，三者共同构成了柴达木板块。北祁连山的主体是介于中朝板块和柴达木板块间的早古生代缝合带。中朝板块的南缘有一个活动陆缘，由走廊弧后盆地和走廊南山北缘岛弧构成。从中寒武世以来，祁连山及其邻区构造演化经历了古大陆克拉通裂解，大洋克拉通演化阶段和新大陆克拉通演化阶段。现今的祁连山是这些构造演化共同作用的结果。早古生代海相火山岩的生成环境在南祁连为单一的裂谷环境。而在北祁连及走廊带，则不同时期具有不同的生成环境：（１）中寒武世为初始大洋裂谷环境，（２）早中奥陶世为具沟弧盆体系的政熟大洋，（３）晚奥陶世为残留洋盆，（４）志留纪为前陆盆地环境。     

延边地区前中生代主要变质岩地质演化特征概述

延边地区的主要变质岩层在前中生代时期经历了与板块构造截然不同的构造演化,即古陆裂解－汇聚拼贴－复合造山这三个发展阶段;中晚元古代古陆裂解为古亚洲妆级发展阶段,其沉积岩层经基巴利－阿森特期构造运动发生褶皱造山,成为连接两古陆块的过渡性陆壳基底;早古生代时期,过渡性陆壳基底再次裂开,其沉积岩层经加里东构造运动,发生拼贴造山,古生代中期地壳抬升,使该区进入微大陆发展阶段;晚古生代时期,微大陆发生裂陷,该     

太平洋板块俯冲作用在东北亚大陆边缘的地质记录述评

古太平洋起源于泛大洋,为晚古生代-早中生代环绕泛大陆的全球性大洋。随着古特提斯洋盆的关闭和泛大陆的裂解,逐渐形成了古太平洋板块,以及大西洋、北冰洋和印度洋板块等等。本文综合了近年来这方面的研究进展,提出古太平洋板块(或伊佐柰琦板块)向东北亚大陆边缘的俯冲作用始于早侏罗世,俯冲带逐渐由西向东迁移,其中夹杂着微陆块或地体,构成了多岛洋的构造格局。     

Paleozoic accretionary terranes in Northern Tianslian, NW China

During the paleozoic,the Northern Tianshan region of China in Central Asia consists of 7 allochthonous terranes which were situated in the ancient sino-Mongolian Ocean as volcanic arcs and splitted continental fragments.The tectonic framework was similar to that of Southwest pacific today,In the Late Paleozoic,these terranes started mutual amalgamation to cause strong thrusting.At thd end of Carboniferous,the Sino-mongolian ocean including several inter-terrane small sea basins closed and these terranes accreted on the margins of the Siberian and Tarim continents,The 6 ophiolitic zones zomong the terranes recorded this collision event.     

Sedimentary and Tectonic History of the Terranes in the Corridor of the GolmudEjin Qi Geotransect and Its Adjacent Areas

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关于古亚洲洋构造演化研究的几点思考

古亚洲洋不是西伯利亚陆台和华北地台间的一个简单洋盆,而是在不同时间、不同地区打开和封闭的多个大小不一的洋盆复杂活动(包括远距离运移)的综合体.其北部洋盆起始于新元古代末-寒武纪初(573~522Ma)冈瓦纳古陆裂解形成的寒武纪洋盆.寒武纪末-奥陶纪初(510~480Ma),冈瓦纳古陆裂解的碎块、寒武纪洋壳碎块和陆缘过渡壳碎块相互碰撞、联合形成原中亚-蒙古古陆.奥陶纪时,原中亚-蒙古古陆南边形成活动陆缘,志留纪形成稳定大陆.泥盆纪初原中亚-蒙古古陆裂解,裂解的碎块在新形成的泥盆纪洋内沿左旋断裂向北运动,于晚泥盆世末到达西伯利亚陆台南缘,重新联合形成现在的中亚-蒙古古陆.晚古生代时,在现在的中亚-蒙古古陆内发生晚石炭世(318~316Ma)和早二叠世(295~285Ma)裂谷岩浆活动,形成双峰式火山岩和碱性花岗岩类.蒙古-鄂霍次克带是西伯利亚古陆和中亚-蒙古古陆之间的泥盆纪洋盆,向东与古太平洋连通,洋盆发展到中晚侏罗世,与古太平洋同时结束,其洋壳移动到西伯利亚陆台边缘受阻而向陆台下俯冲,在陆台南缘形成广泛的陆缘岩浆岩带,从中泥盆世到晚侏罗世都非常活跃.古亚洲洋的南部洋盆始于晚寒武世.此时,华北古陆从冈瓦纳古陆裂解出来,在其北缘形成晚寒武世-早奥陶世的被动陆缘和中奥陶世-早志留世的沟弧盆系.志留纪腕足类生物群的分布表明,华北地台北缘洋盆与塔里木地台北缘、以及川西、云南、东澳大利亚有联系,而与上述的古亚洲洋北部洋盆没有关连,两洋盆之间有松嫩-图兰地块间隔.晚志留世-早泥盆世,华北地台北部发生弧-陆碰撞运动,泥盆纪时,在松嫩地块南缘形成陆缘火山岩带,晚二叠世-早三叠世华北地台与松嫩地块碰撞,至此古亚洲洋盆封闭.古亚洲洋的南、北洋盆最后的褶皱构造,以及与塔里木地台之间发生的直接关系,很可能是后期的构造运动所造成的.     

Late Paleozoic volcanic record of the Eastern Junggar terrane, Xinjiang, Northwestern China: Major and trace element characteristics, Sr–Nd isotopic systematics and implications for tectonic evolution

The Eastern Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt includes a Late Paleozoic assemblage of volcanic rocks of mixed oceanic and arc affinity, located in a structurally complex belt between the Siberian plate, the Kazakhstan block, and the Tianshan Range. The early history of these rocks is not well constrained, but the Junggar terrane was part of a Cordilleran-style accreted arc assemblage by the Late Carboniferous. Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the northern part of the east Junggar terrane are divided, from base to top, into the Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Formation (Fm.), Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm., Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm., Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Fm. and Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. We present major element, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of 64 (ultra)mafic to intermediate volcanic rock samples of these formations. All Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies on the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams, and are enriched in more highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones. Furthermore, they have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, and their Zr/Nb and Sm/Nd ratios resemble those of MORBs, characteristics of arc-related volcanic rocks. The Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Fm., Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., and Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. are characterized by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities. In contrast, the Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. contains a large amount of tuff and sandstone, and its volcanic rocks have dominantly calc-alkaline affinities. We therefore propose that the Jiangzierkuduke Fm. formed in a mature island arc setting, and other Devonian Fms. formed in an immature island arc setting. The basalts from the Nanmingshui Fm. have geochemical signatures between N-MORB and island arcs, indicating that they formed in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the Batamayineishan Fm. display geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting after collision. Thus, we propose a model that involves a volcanic arc formed by northward subduction of the ancient Junggar ocean and amalgamation of different terranes during the Late Paleozoic to interpret the formation of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Junggar terrane, and the Altai and Junggar terranes fully amalgamated into a Cordilleran-type orogen during the end of Early Carboniferous to the Middle–Late Carboniferous.     

新疆北部古生代构造演化的几点认识

最近的地质调查和研究资料揭示,新疆北部古生代存在"三块两带"的构造格局,并经历了复杂的洋陆转换过程。地质、地球物理和碎屑锆石年龄结果显示,准噶尔盆地南部应存在一个至少发育前震旦系的古老陆块;初步认为东准噶尔北自额尔齐斯构造带东南的玛依鄂博地区至南部的卡拉麦里构造带南界,整体为一增生杂岩体,西准噶尔自额尔齐斯构造带南缘至谢米斯台南缘亦为一增生杂岩体。提出新疆北部加里东运动表现为准噶尔-吐哈陆块、中天山陆块群、伊犁地块等拼合形成哈萨克斯坦板块的一部分。从新疆北部泥盆系建造组合和沉积环境演变视角,探讨了早古生代形成的哈萨克板块北部洋盆从早泥盆世开始,至晚泥盆世拼合,洋盆经历了逐渐变浅直至消亡的演化过程。结合区域地质调查资料,提出南天山为一巨大的增生杂岩体,代表了哈萨克斯坦板块与塔里木板块最后增生拼合的位置,亦是古亚洲洋在中国境内最后闭合的位置,闭合的时限为早石炭末期。在以上认识的基础上,提出新疆北部晚古生代构造演化的"三块两带"基本框架:即在统一哈萨克斯坦板块形成后,自北而南依次存在西伯利亚板块、哈萨克斯坦板块、塔里木板块及其间的准噶尔洋盆和南天山洋盆。晚泥盆世哈萨克斯坦板块与西伯利亚板块完成增生拼贴;早石炭世末,塔里木板块与西伯利亚-哈萨克斯坦联合板块完成增生拼贴,古亚洲洋结束洋陆转换;晚石炭世至早二叠世,新疆北部进入后碰撞伸展至大陆裂谷演化阶段。     

中亚大陆古生代构造形成及演化

西伯利亚、塔里木及哈萨克斯坦诸古板块中的微陆和地体构造了中亚十分复杂的拼贴构造图案。古生代时，南天巴准洋－阿萨伊锡弧沟弧系和额尔齐斯洋－成田弧沟弧系构成了哈萨克斯坦板块的原型，塔里木板块陆壳块体在泥盆纪相对于阿萨伊锡岛弧的左行低角度斜俯冲和碰撞，造成此弧的解体、走滑堆叠和山弯构造。与此同时，成田岛弧南北两侧分别受到南天巴准洋和额尔齐斯洋的俯冲。在晚古生代晚期这两个沟弧系演变为哈萨克斯坦板块的基本构     

试论新疆东准噶尔早古生代岩石圈板块构造演化

本文根据近年对新疆东准噶尔地层古生物、蛇绿岩和岛弧型岩浆岩等的野外调查和室内综合研究,系统阐述了该区早古生代期间岩石圈板块构造演化的前奥陶纪板内、奥陶纪至中志留世洋盆和晚志留世陆表海3个构造阶段,并把该区奥陶纪至中志留世的大地构造单元分为阿尔泰被动陆缘区、扎河坝北塔山缝合带(前身为东准噶尔洋盆)和准噶尔地块北部活动陆缘区(包括索尔巴斯他乌-纸房岛弧和库布苏弧后盆地),对各构造单元的特征及演化做了比较详细的论述。同时,对东准噶尔早古生代的大地构造背景及与邻区的关系亦进行了探讨。     

Gondwanaland origin, dispersion, and accretion of East and Southeast Asian continental terranes

East and Southeast Asia is a complex assembly of allochthonous continental terranes, island arcs, accretionary complexes and small ocean basins. The boundaries between continental terranes are marked by major fault zones or by sutures recognized by the presence of ophiolites, mélanges and accretionary complexes. Stratigraphical, sedimentological, paleobiogeographical and paleomagnetic data suggest that all of the East and Southeast Asian continental terranes were derived directly or indirectly from the Iran-Himalaya-Australia margin of Gondwanaland. The evolution of the terranes is one of rifting from Gondwanaland, northwards drift and amalgamation/accretion to form present day East Asia. Three continental silvers were rifted from the northeast margin of Gondwanaland in the Silurian-Early Devonian (North China, South China, Indochina/East Malaya, Qamdo-Simao and Tarim terranes), Early-Middle Permian (Sibumasu, Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes) and Late Jurassic (West Burma terrane, Woyla terranes). The northwards drift of these terranes was effected by the opening and closing of three successive Tethys oceans, the Paleo-Tethys, Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys. Terrane assembly took place between the Late Paleozoic and Cenozoic, but the precise timings of amalgamation and accretion are still contentious. Amalgamation of South China and Indochina/East Malaya occurred during the Early Carboniferous along the Song Ma Suture to form “Cathaysialand”. Cathaysialand, together with North China, formed a large continental region within the Paleotethys during the Late Carboniferous and Permian. Paleomagnetic data indicate that this continental region was in equatorial to low northern paleolatitudes which is consistent with the tropical Cathaysian flora developed on these terranes. The Tarim terrane (together with the Kunlun, Qaidam and Ala Shan terranes) accreted to Kazakhstan/Siberia in the Permian. This was followed by the suturing of Sibumasu and Qiangtang to Cathaysialand in the Late Permian-Early Triassic, largely closing the Paleo-Tethys. North and South China were amalgamated in the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and finally welded to Laurasia around the same time. The Lhasa terrane accreted to the Sibumasu-Qiangtang terrane in the Late Jurassic and the Kurosegawa terrane of Japan, interpreted to be derived from Australian Gondwanaland, accreted to Japanese Eurasia, also in the Late Jurassic. The West Burma and Woyla terranes drifted northwards during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous as the Ceno-Tethys opened and the Meso-Tethys was destroyed by subduction beneath Eurasia and were accreted to proto-Southeast Asia in the Early to Late Cretaceous. The Southwest Borneo and Semitau terranes amalgamated to each other and accreted to Indochina/East Malaya in the Late Cretaceous and the Hainanese terranes probably accreted to South China sometime in the Cretaceous.     

Paleozoic Plate-Tectonic Evolution of the Tarim and Western Tianshan Regions,Western China

The plate-tectonic evolution of the Tarim basin and nearby western Tianshan region during Paleozoic time is reconstructed in an effort to further constrain the tectonic evolution of Central Asia, providing insights into the formation and distribution of oil and gas resources. The Tarim plate developed from continental rifting that progressed during early Paleozoic time into a passive continental margin. The Yili terrane (central Tianshan) broke away from the present eastern part of Tarim and became a microcontinent located somewhere between the Junggar ocean and the southern Tianshan ocean. The southern Tianshan ocean, between the Tarim craton and the Yili terrane, was subducting beneath the Yili terrane from Silurian to Devonian time. During the Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous, the Tarim plate collided with the Yili terrane by sinistral accretional docking that resulted in a late Paleozoic deformational episode. Intracontinental shortening (A-type subduction) continued through the Permian with the creation of a magmatic belt.     

The western Central Asian Orogenic Belt: A window to accretionary orogenesis and continental growth

The architecture of accretionary orogens is a key to understand continental growth. Here we present an overview of the orogenic components and their amalgamation in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The CAOB records the convergence and interactions among various types of orogenic components including the Japan-type, Mariana-type, and Alaska–Aleutian-type arc systems, as well as the active marginal sequences of the Siberia Craton, which incorporated wide accretionary complexes and accreted arcs and terranes. During construction of the CAOB, the Kazakhstan arc chain was characterized by multiple subduction, whereas the northern fringe of the Tarim Craton remained mostly as a passive margin. The multiple convergence and accretions among these various orogenic components generated huge orogenic collages in the late Paleozoic and even in the early Triassic, involving parallel amalgamation, circum-microcontinent amalgamation and oroclinal bending. The preservation of trapped basins played a significant role in orogenesis with some parts of the oceanic plate being subducted and others behaving as rigid units. The orogenesis in the CAOB was long-lived, lasting for more than 800 m.y., involving multiple-subduction and long, continuous accretion, and featuring the complexity of accretionary orogenesis and continent growth.