Failure mechanism of single-layer steel reticular domes with reinforced concrete substructure subjected to severe earthquakes

This paper performs the research on failure mechanism of single-layer steel reticulated domes with the reinforced concrete substructure subjected to sever earthquakes. Based on ABAQUS, this paper built user-defined material subroutines of the steel and the reinforced concrete, which took material non-linearity and the material damage accumulation into consideration. The failure mechanism of reticulated domes with reinforced concrete substructures under severe earthquakes is studied by the nonlinear dynamic response analysis. Three different failure modes of single-layer reticular domes with different sizes of reinforced concrete substructure are illustrated. Failure criterion is put forward to discriminate the failure modes and to estimate the critical load strength for single-layer reticular domes based on the structural damage theory. It has been found that reinforced concrete substructure has significant impact on the failure behaviors and the critical load of reticulated domes under seismic loads. It is essential to consider the influence of the reinforced concrete substructure upon the failure behaviors in the structural analysis and design process of reticular domes.     

强震下单层柱面网壳损伤及失效机理研究

基于结构损伤理论,对单层柱面网壳在强震下的失效机理进行研究。单层柱面网壳在强震下不仅会发生动力失稳,也可能由于过度塑性发展导致动力强度破坏的模式。对于动力强度失效的研究,应当在分析中考虑材料损伤累积以及断裂效应的影响。为在有限元分析中包含这一影响因素,编制了基于通用有限元软件ABAQUS的用户材料子程序,具有较高的计算精度和较好的收敛性。应用其对单层柱面网壳在强震下的响应进行参数研究,并与基于理想弹塑性材料时的响应对比,讨论考虑材料损伤对网壳失效特征的影响。将单层柱面网壳在强震下失效时刻的多项特征响应进行统计分析,拟合了能够表征网壳损伤程度的损伤模型,建立单层柱面网壳在强震下的失效判别准则。针对实际工程抗震设计中采用损伤累积本构模型计算的困难,提出网壳结构失效极限的简化判别方法。     

单层柱面铝合金网壳结构强震失效机理及地震易损性

通过有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了单层柱面铝合金网壳结构的有限元分析模型,利用增量动力分析方法（IDA）对网壳结构进行强震作用下动力响应全过程分析,获得了单层柱面铝合金网壳结构强震失效模式。基于模糊数学理论提出单层柱面铝合金网壳结构强震失效判别方法,结合结构损伤理论拟合网壳结构强震损伤因子,通过大规模参数分析定义适用于铝合金网壳结构的损伤程度分级,对铝合金网壳结构不同损伤状态进行划分。通过随机抽样选取一定数量的结构-地震样本,对铝合金网壳结构开展地震易损性分析,通过回归分析建立地震易损性函数,获得单层柱面铝合金网壳结构的概率地震易损性曲线。结果表明：通过结构地震易损性分析可以看出铝合金网壳结构具有良好的抗震性能,在强震作用下保持基本完好或仅有轻微破坏的概率较大。     

基于三向敏感频率的单层球面网壳结构地震动强度参数分析

选择合适的地震动强度参数可减小其与结构响应相关分析结果的离散性。以Kiewitt-8型单层球面网壳结构为研究对象,对算例结构进行谐响应分析,确定结构三个方向的敏感频率;提出基于三向敏感频率的地震动强度参数加速度谱Sa,3d。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对算例结构进行三向地震动作用下的增量动力分析,并对分析结果进行统计分析,从相关性和有效性两个方面对Sa,3d进行评价。结果表明：Sa,3d与单层球面网壳结构的地震响应具有更好的相关性,且具有较好的有效性,建议对单层球面网壳结构,采用Sa,3d 作为地震动强度参数进行增量动力分析。     

Elasto-plastic instability of single-layer reticulated shells under dynamic actions

This paper addresses the issue on dynamic collapse mechanism of single-layer reticulated shells subjected to harmonic load, sudden load and seismic load. The method for failure mechanism has reviewed the relationship between the response of the reticulated shell and the peak acceleration of dynamic action. Besides, the steel damage accumulation is considered in the method by compiling a user subroutine based on the computing program ABAQUS. An example is introduced to describe dynamic instability collapse resulting from geometric nonlinearity of the shell and the other example is presented to describe strength failure resulting from excessive development of plastic deformation, for it is discovered that the structure is not only to be prone to instability collapse in dynamic action. According to the responses of the single-layer reticulated shell under dynamic loads, this study discusses the relationship between the failure model and the corresponding dynamic load parameters. Then, the method for distinguishing failure modes is proposed based on the fuzzy synthetic evaluation theory and the structural responses of sufficient samples at the failure state. The technique feasible to be used to distinguish different failure modes of single-layer reticulated shells under different dynamic loads is validated.     

超大跨网壳结构在强震作用下的复杂效应影响研究

为准确分析超大跨网壳结构的地震响应，评估结构的抗震性能，采用时程分析法，分析了地震动空间相干性和行波效应、土-结构相互作用以及材料损伤累积效应等多因素对跨度800 m超大跨网壳结构的影响。结果表明：各因素对超大跨网壳结构的抗震性能均有影响；通过对比多点输入和一致输入下结构的地震响应，发现多点输入增大了结构周边杆件的内力，结构中心位置的杆件内力有减小的趋势，这也使结构的失效从其周边位置提前开展，改变了结构的破坏模式，严重削弱了结构的抗震能力；土-结构相互作用和材料损伤累积均会不同程度地增大结构的地震响应，其中土-结构相互作用放大了结构的地震动响应，而材料损伤累积效应在地震动强度较高时结构的地震动响应显著增大。     

单层球面网壳火灾爆炸动力响应

以K8型单层球面网壳为研究对象,考虑几何非线性和温度对材料性能的影响,完整模拟了单层球面网壳在发生火灾的不同阶段受到爆炸冲击作用时的动力性状。据B-R准则,通过爆炸峰值超压与结构动力特征响应之间的关系,可判定K8型单层球面网壳在不同火灾阶段,爆炸冲击作用下的动力稳定性临界峰值超压。分析了单层球面网壳的矢跨比、屋面荷载、约束布置等参数对其在不同火灾阶段的爆炸冲击动力稳定性的影响。研究表明:火灾对网壳结构在爆炸冲击作用下的动力稳定性有较大影响,当网壳杆件最高温度达500℃以上时,结构的抗爆能力明显降低。矢跨比、屋面质量、约束布置对网壳在火灾不同阶段的抗爆能力均有不同程度的影响。     

考虑下部支承效应的单层柱面网壳结构抗震性能研究

为研究下部支承对单层柱面网壳整体结构抗震性能的影响,建立了包含下部支承的整体结构有限元模型。通过增量动力分析方法对典型算例开展参数分析,分析了下部支承刚度、屋面荷载等参数对整体结构抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明：考虑下部支承与单层柱面网壳的耦合效应后,结构的自振频率减小,整体结构的刚度明显减弱;单层柱面网壳耦合体系的强震失效模式为强支承结构的网壳动力强度破坏与弱支承结构的支承动力强度破坏;随着支承刚度的增加,整体结构的承载力先减小后增大,网壳结构的塑性发展程度先增加后减小,下部支承结构的塑性发展程度逐渐减小;支承刚度越大,屋面荷载对结构承载力的影响越明显,整体结构的承载力随着屋面荷载的增加逐渐降低;考虑下部支承后整体结构的承载力降低了42.4%~85.5%,降低的原因主要包括下部支承结构的动力放大作用和柱间的不同步效应。     

网壳结构强震失效机理关键理论问题

随着大跨度网壳结构近些年在重大工程中的大量应用,其在强震下的失效机理这一基础理论问题也逐渐突出,为空间结构学者所关注。为此,总结了近些年在网壳结构强震失效机理领域的一些研究进展,介绍适用于网壳结构强震失效机理研究的基于多重响应的荷载域时程分析方法,阐述网壳结构在强震下的两类失效模式及其失效机理。在此基础上,对在网壳结构强震失效机理分析中的三个重要效应,即材料损伤累积效应、地震动空间变化性效应、下部支承结构影响,分别进行讨论及总结。     

Failure mechanism of single-layer saddle-curve reticulated shells with material damage accumulation considered under severe earthquake

This paper presents the study on failure mechanism of single-layer saddle-curve reticulated shells subjected to severe earthquake. Failure mode of single-layer saddle-curve reticulated shells is illustrated with the consideration of material damage accumulation. The effects of different parameters on failure characteristics of single-layer saddle-curve reticulated shells are discussed. The influence of substructure upon failure behaviors of single-layer saddle-curve reticulated shells is particularly investigated. It is observed that dynamic strength failure is the failure mode of single-layer saddle-curve reticulated shells. The substructure has great influence on failure characteristics of single-layer saddle-curve reticulated shells subjected to the severe earthquake.     

大矢跨比单层球面网壳动力试验模型弹塑性稳定分析

为了解水平地震作用下具有不同失效机制的单层球面网壳结构在静力荷载作用下的弹塑性稳定性能,利用有限元软件ANSYS,对两个矢跨比为1/2的单层球面网壳结构试验模型进行双重非线性全过程分析,获得结构的弹塑性极限承载力,比较二者的失稳模态,初步了解二者之间的差异。考察结构杆件屈曲、初始缺陷等因素对结构稳定性能的影响,并分析各因素对结构极限承载力的影响规律。结果表明,地震作用下,具有强度破坏特征的网壳结构在静力下的失稳模式表现为结构的整体失稳,而发生动力失稳破坏的结构则表现为局部失稳破坏。杆件失稳和初始缺陷使结构的临界荷载大幅度降低,且地震作用下属于强度破坏的单层球面网壳结构在静力下对初始缺陷的敏感性大于动力失稳破坏结构。     

网壳结构基于性能的抗震设计方法研究

基于性能的抗震设计是结构抗震设计的发展趋势,该文在考虑材料损伤及损伤累积的基础上,建立网壳结构的数值模型,通过基于IDA的全过程分析方法,考察网壳结构强震下的抗震性能;建立了分别基于多项特征响应和变形能量的结构损伤模型,对比两种损伤模型的精度,实现结构不同损伤状态的量化,并利用此模型量化结构的分级性能水准;通过多组地震动的IDA分析,实现结构分级性能水准易损性分析和综合易损性分析;确定结构性能目标,初步实现结构的优化设计,从而为建立网壳结构完整的基于性能的抗震设计方法奠定了基础。     

Effect of support flexibility on seismic responses of a reticulated dome under spatially correlated and coherent excitations

Reticulated domes with substructure system are affected by multiple-support seismic excitations that are spatially correlated and coherent. The influence of the coherency on the seismic responses of such a structure has been investigated but the effect of the spatial correlation and coherency on the responses for the system with different flexibility of the substructure has not been studied. A parametric investigation is carried out to address this issue for a single-layer reticulated dome. For the analysis, sets of records for multiple-support are simulated and used for time history analysis. The statistics of the responses of the dome with substructures of varying degree of flexibility are extracted from analysis, and compared with those obtained under uniform excitations. The results show the importance of considering spatially correlated and coherent excitations, especially as the stiffness of the substructure system increases. They also show that a flexible substructure system for the dome acts as a “base isolation” system for the dome under spatially correlated and coherent multiple-support excitations, and reduces the potential yielding and damage of the structure under large earthquakes. As the stiffness of the substructure system increases the consideration of uniform excitations instead of spatially correlated and coherent excitations can underestimate the seismic load effect by more than 25% for structural members in the reticulated dome and by more than 100% for the columns.     

大跨度网壳结构强震失效机理研究

随着大跨度网壳结构近些年在重大工程中的大量应用,该结构在强震作用下的失效机理问题也逐渐突出,为空间结构学者所关注。在总结了近些年大跨度网壳结构强震失效机理领域的研究进展基础之上,介绍了适用于网壳结构强震失效机理分析的基于荷载域全程响应的分析方法,以及在该方法中引入材料损伤累积的研究过程;定义了网壳结构在强震作用下的两类失效模式,即由几何非线性引起的动力失稳和由过度塑性损伤导致的动力强度破坏;论述了基于模糊数学中模糊综合判断理论的判别网壳结构强震失效模式的方法;在此基础上,对网壳结构动力损伤模型的建立也进行了阐述,并对网壳结构在强震下失效极限的确定方法进行了总结。图5表3参20     

下部支承结构对网壳结构强震响应的影响研究

总结了关于考虑下部支承影响的网壳结构强震失效研究的最新研究成果。介绍了基于响应的荷载域全过程分析方法;通过建立精细化的数值模型,对考虑下部支承结构的单层球面网壳在强震作用下的特征响应进行了分析,得到了考虑下部支承结构的单层球面网壳在强震作用下的失效特征;通过大规模参数分析,详细地阐述了下部支承结构对网壳结构失效极限荷载的影响;提出了对于耦合体系的简化分析方法并初步研究了非线性下部支承结构对网壳结构失效的影响;讨论了下部支承结构非线性对网壳结构响应的影响。研究表明,非线性材料的支承结构也将明显改变耦合体系的响应规律及失效模式。     

Seismic capacity assessment of postmainshock damaged containment structures using nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis

This paper investigates the structural performance and seismic capacity of the postmainshock damaged containment structure through the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). To evaluate the seismic capacity with minimum uncertainty, the damage measure (DM) and intensity measure (IM) for IDA curves are selected in term of the coefficient of variation. The IDA using mainshock records is implemented to examine the seismic damage process of a containment structure and determine key damage states. The static cyclic loading analysis and aftershock IDA are also conducted on mainshock‐damaged containment structures to investigate the effect of initial damage states on the dynamic characteristics of structures. Finally, based on IDA results, limit states of a containment structure are defined using a generalized multidimensional limit‐state function that allows considering the dependence between the mainshock‐damaged level and residual seismic capacity. These proposed bidimensional limit‐state functions can be used in the fragility analysis and risk assessment of containment structures under mainshock–aftershock, which can improve the accuracy of seismic assessment.     

Counter-intuitive collapse of single-layer reticulated domes subject to interior blast loading

A commercial finite element package, LS-DYNA, was employed to simulate the response of a single-layer reticulated dome to an interior blast. The dome, which was initially stressed by static preloading, encountered an interesting phenomenon namely counter-intuitive collapse, which was found during the blast analysis. The Johnson–Cook constitutive model for mild steel was used to identify different failure modes of the dome for more than 2430 samples. A seemingly counter-intuitive collapse was identified due to dynamic instability. This unusual collapse was explained using total potential curves, and the critical blast load was defined. The effect of different static preloads, which is the other determination factor of counter-intuitive collapse, was investigated. A relationship between collapse and static/dynamic loads was also obtained. The results indicate that single-layer reticulated domes, with large initial stresses, may collapse at lower dynamic loads than expected.     

屋面系统对单层球面网壳稳定性及地震响应的影响研究

单层球面网壳的静力稳定性及抗震性能已经取得较为系统的研究成果,但在传统的研究方法中,学者们只考虑结构部分,忽略了屋面板、吊顶、隔墙等非结构构件的影响;其中,屋面系统作为一类非结构构件,其平面刚度较大、在动力荷载下的阻尼也较大的特点会在一定程度上影响结构的受力特性。因此,选取考虑屋面系统的单层球面网壳作为研究对象,开展屋面系统对于单层球面网壳弹塑性稳定性及抗震性能的影响研究。采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS分别建立带屋面系统单层球面网壳和传统单层球壳的数值模型;通过弧长法分别对两种模型进行均布荷载作用下的非线性数值模拟,对比分析屋面系统对单层球面网壳弹塑性稳定承载力的影响;对考虑屋面系统的网壳结构进行不同地震荷载作用下的时程动力分析,采用基于响应的分析方法,考察屋面系统对于网壳结构抗震性能的影响,得到屋面系统会显著提高网壳整体刚度、增强结构抗震能力的结论;本研究可为以后网壳结构的理论研究及工程实践提供一定的参考。     

单层球面网壳抗冲击试验研究

通过对KIEWITT-6型单层球面网壳缩尺模型进行模态测试及弹性与破坏性冲击试验,验证了基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的网壳结构抗冲击荷载数值模型的正确性,确定了该模型的两种典型失效模式为结构局部凹陷与结构整体倒塌。综合试验与数值分析结果发现：冲击力时程曲线形式受冲击物初始偏转的影响;如果冲击结束时动力响应已经传到支座...     

Effect of substructures upon failure behavior of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake

This paper presents the study on the influence of substructures on the failure behavior of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake. The full-range dynamic response analysis method is applied to investigate the failure characteristics of single-layer steel reticulated domes with substructures subjected to the severe earthquake. The natural vibration properties are studied. Two typical failure modes of steel reticulated domes with substructures are illustrated according to the stiffness of substructures. Failure criterion is proposed to estimate the ultimate load strength for single-layer steel reticulated domes. It is observed that the substructure has great influence on the failure characteristics and the ultimate load strength of steel reticulated domes subjected to the severe earthquake. It is necessary to take substructure into consideration in analysis and design stage.