A novel compact low-power direct conversion receiver for mobile UHF RFID reader

A novel direct conversion receiver with low cost and low power is implemented in a 0.18 μm 1P6M standard CMOS process for a Mobile UHF RFID reader.A highly linear active mixer with low flicker noise and low noise active load is proposed.An efficient and low cost on-chip DC offset voltage canceling scheme is adopted with a high-input-impedance four-input OPAMP to buffer the output of the DC offset canceller(DCOC) block.The receiver has a measured input 1 dB compression point of 2 dBm and a sensitivity of 72 dBm in the presence of the large leakage signal from the transmitter.Only occupying a silicon area of 2.5 mm 2 and consuming 21 mA from a 1.8 V supply,the receiver makes the mobile UHF RFID reader to communicate with a transponder in a distance of 1 m conveniently.     

Interactive UHF/UWB RFID tag for mass customization

Mass customization (MC) under the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to reform the traditional mass manufacturing. To contribute to MC from information communication and user interaction aspects, this work proposes an Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) RFID tag with an Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wide Band (IR-UWB) transmitter and an inkjet-printed Electrochromic (EC) display. First, compared to the conventional UHF RFID tags, the proposed tag shows the advantage of higher transmission data rate with still low power consumption. The response time in multi-tag accessing scenarios can be reduced to less than 500 ms per 1000 tags by the pipeline of the tag responses in IR-UWB link and the reader acknowledgments in UHF RFID link as well as by reducing the length of empty slots. Second, the tag is integrated with a flexible EC display manufactured by inkjet-printing on the polyimide substrate. It works as an automatically refreshed paper label that offers an intuitive human-to-device interface to improve the efficiency of the offline workers. To conquer the material variations and make use of the long retention time of the printed EC display, its threshold voltage is utilized and a feedback comparator enabling the display driver by the threshold voltage is designed. A System-on-Chip (SoC) is implemented in UMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. According to the experimental results: 1) the IR-UWB transmitter achieves 1.02 V pulse amplitude and 900 ps pulse duration with 18 pJ/pulse energy consumption; 2) the EC display driver automatically refreshes the display when the image fades out, and consumes 1.98 μW per 1 cm² display size to retain an image. The UHF/UWB RFID display tag integrated on polyimide substrate is conceptually demonstrated at the end of the paper.     

超高频RFID读写器系统的设计与实现

采用ARM9微处理器为主控制器,射频处理采用奥地利微电子公司的AS3992芯片为核心,设计开发了超高频RFID读写器系统。系统设计了外置功率放大电路、功率探测电路和天线端阻抗匹配调谐电路,使发射机输出功率达到+33dBm,并有效地提高了接收机信噪比,实现了对符合ISO/IEC 18000-6C 900MHz RFID协议的多标签的稳定高速读写;同时在ARM9硬件平台上移植了嵌入式Linux系统,并设计了读写器Web固件控制系统,以实现多标签盘存和读写器的网络配置等操作,为读卡器之间数据通信和二次开发提供平台。该系统已搭建运行于某电厂运煤车辆出入RFID管理控制系统中,运行结果表明,系统最大稳定读取距离达到10m,满足了工程需求。     

基于无源超高频RFID温度标签的温度监测系统

设计一种基于无源超高频(UHF)射频识别(RFID)温度标签的温度监测系统.系统由课题组自主研发的无源超高频RFID温度标签、Speedway R220商用阅读器和上位机应用软件组成,实现了物品身份识别、温度实时测量和显示的功能.为提高温度标签的测温精度,提出了一种自适应功率匹配算法,使得天线扫描范围内的多个标签都能在最佳测温功率下测温.测试结果表明:当温度标签与阅读器天线的距离分别为0.5,1.0,1.5m时,测温误差小于±1℃.     

Secure authentication scheme for passive C1G2 RFID tags

Privacy and security concerns inhibit the fast adaption of RFID technology for many applications. A number of authentication protocols that address these concerns have been proposed but real-world solutions that are secure, maintain low communication cost and can be integrated into the ubiquitous EPCglobal Class 1 Generation 2 tag protocol (C1G2) are still needed and being investigated. We present a novel authentication protocol, which offers a high level of security through the combination of a random key scheme with a strong cryptography. The protocol is applicable to resource, power and computationally constraint platforms such as RFID tags. Our investigation shows that it can provide mutual authentication, untraceability, forward and backward security as well as resistance to replay, denial-ofth-service and man-in-the-middle attacks, while retaining a competitive communication cost. The protocol has been integrated into the EPCglobal C1G2 tag protocol, which assures low implementation cost. We also present a successful implementation of our protocol on real-world components such as the INTEL WISP UHF RFID tag and a C1G2 compliant reader.     

标签可重用的仓储管理系统UHF RFID阅读器设计

UHF RFID标签具有非光学可视阅读、感应距离远和读取速度快的特点.针对中小型仓储应用提出了UHF RFID标签可重用和UHF RFID阅读器软硬件定制的设计方案.UHF RFID阅读器硬件采用了Cortex- M3内核处理器LPC1768、UHF RFID模块读取标签、SPI Flash扩展存储和TFT LCD显示...     

一款RFID低噪声放大器的设计与仿真

电子标签的广泛应用对UHF RFID(超高频射频识别)阅读器的性能提出了更高的要求.低噪声放大器能降低系统的噪声和提高接收机灵敏度,是接收系统的关键部件.设计的LNA应用于UHF RFID阅读器前端,要求工作频率为900一930MHz,噪声系数小于1dB,带内增益大于15dB以及高线性度指标包括输出1dB压缩点大于15dBm和输出三阶互调点大于30dBm.结合相关设计理论,利用安捷伦科技的E-PHEMT(增强型伪高电子迁移率晶体管)ATF54143,完成了电路设计并通过ADS2006对直流偏置、输入输出匹配以及源极加负反馈进行优化等仿真,结果表明:电路的噪声系数可达到0.54dB,功率增益高达23.4dB,输入、输出匹配良好,各种线性度指标也完全符合设计要求.     

超高频RFID标签芯片基带处理器的低功耗设计

设计了一种符合ISO18000-6B协议的超高频无源电子标签的数字基带处理器,芯片采用TSMC 0.18μm 1P5M嵌入式EEPROM的混合CMOS工艺实现,己成功通过流片,并对其进行了验证和测试.从测试结果看,本芯片完成了符合ISO18000-6B协议的所有强制命令以及部分建议命令,达到完成标签盘存操作、读写操作以...     

A novel low-noise high-linearity CMOS transmitter for mobile UHF RFID reader

A novel CMOS transmitter with low TX noise and high linearity is implemented in a 0.18μm 1P6M standard CMOS process for Mobile UHF RFID reader.Adopting double-sideband amplitude-shift-keying(DSBASK)as the only modulation is supported,this transmitter has very low power consumption.A novel analog baseband circuit is proposed to reduce the transmitter noise.With a G′′m–cancellation technology,a highly linear up-conversion active mixer and a power amplifier driver are designed.The transmitter has a measured output1 dB compression point of 13.4 dBm.Occupying a silicon area of about 1 mm2and consuming 144 mW from a1.8 V voltage supply,the transmitter makes the Mobile UHF RFID reader communicate with a transponder in a distance of 1 m conveniently.     

Terahertz detector for imaging in 180-nm standard CMOS process

A CMOS terahertz (THz) detector implemented in a 180-nm standard CMOS process is proposed, and room-temperature detection of 0.94-THz radiation is demonstrated. The detector consists of an integrated on-chip patch antenna and a source-feeding NMOS transistor as the rectifying element. To improve the power transfer efficiency between the patch antenna and NMOS transistor, a novel short-stub matching network is proposed. An open quarter-wavelength microstrip transmission line connecting gate is proposed to eliminate the influence of the bonding wire and pad on the antenna-transistor impedance matching. Illuminated by a 0.94-THz BWO source, the measured voltage responsivity (R _v) and noise equivalent power (NEP) of the detector are 31 V/W and 1.1 nW/Hz^1/2, respectively.     

Resilient flow control for wireless data streaming in inductively coupled medical implants

This paper describes the hardware implementation of a custom communication protocol tailored for low power telemetry data streaming over an inductive link. An efficient transceiver design is achieved by adapting only the essential physical layer features of a typical RFID baseband processor and optimizing the flow control logic for continuous and reliable data transfer. For the external near-field reader, we provide a logical model for receiver operation and suggest a simple forward error correction (FEC) mechanism. The benefit of FEC in the context of developed communication system is demonstrated by simulations, and projections of design scalability are also presented. The proposed communication system was implemented in 28nm CMOS process. Place-and-route (PNR) results occupy only 0.0048 mm² of core area, and the transient simulations show a power consumption of 306 nW at 0.5 V supply and a master clock of 845.7 kHz. The implementation provides an uplink rate of 12 kbit/s, sufficient for reliable transmission of a 1-channel 1 kS/s 12-bit sample recording.     

智能手机音频接口的UHF RFID读写系统设计

提出了一种基于智能手机音频接口的 UHF RFID读写系统解决方案,该方案采用 AS3992专用射频收发芯片,创新性地基于智能手机音频通信接口实现了对 RFID 读写器的控制。测试仿真结果表明,智能手机音频接口的 UHF RFID读写系统使用方便、便携性好,系统无需无线配对,数据实时传输可靠性高。     

A multiband carrier generation architecture for UHF, 2.4 GHz,and 5 GHz ISM applications

Novel multiband carrier generation architecture is proposed that can be applicable for RFID reader, WLAN 802.11a‐b‐g, and ZigBee sensor network, and implemented with 0.18 μm CMOS technology. In the proposed architecture, a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) is implemented by coupling two differential cross‐coupled LC VCOs to generate in‐phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signals operating at one‐thirds of the 5 GHz frequency range. As well, the differential second harmonic signal of the VCO core frequency is generated by mixers, and then converted to I/Q signals via a single‐stage tunable polyphase filter. By single sideband mixing of the I/Q signals of the QVCO and the polyphase filter, a cleaner carrier signal can be generated in the frequency band of 5 GHz. By including extra frequency dividers, the architecture can also be reconfigured to generate UHF band and 2.4 GHz band. The proposed architecture draws about 32 mA including the QVCO core current consumption of 2.8 mA from 1.8 V supply. The measured tuning frequency of the QVCO core ranges from 1.57 to 1.84 GHz. The measured phase noise is ?104.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 4.84 GHz. The chip layout occupies an area of 1.44 × 1.4 mm² on Si substrate, including the DC and RF pads. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.     

UHF RFID标签芯片整流电路设计

整流电路的设计是无源射频识别(RFID)标签关键技术之一.首先讨论了超高频无源电子标签整流电路的基本工作原理,然后分析了整流电路的等效电路模型.基于TSMC 0.18μm CMOS混合信号工艺设计了一种具有双输出的整流电路,并通过MPW项目流片验证.测试结果表明,该电路具有低输入电压,高整流效率的特点.     

基于AS3990/AS3991的超高频RFID读写器的设计

介绍了超高频RFID读写专用芯片AS3990/AS3991的主要功能与特点,以及采用这款芯片设计读写器的整体方案。分析了在兼容ISO18000-6A/B协议的工作模式下,对解码、校验电路处理速度的最低要求;介绍了直接采用MCU进行解码、校验的方法,并为设计读写器选取合适的MCU提供了依据。     

应用于建筑设备物联网的超高频RFID读卡器设计

为在建筑设备物联网系统(BECPS)环境中实现人员信息的采集,设计了一个超高频RFID读卡器。首先简要描述了BECPS;其次给出了读卡器的硬件电路、器件选型、系统软件等的设计过程;最后在BECPS平台下对该RFID读卡器进行了实验测试,测试结果证实了该设计方案的有效性。与现有的超高频RFID读卡器相比,该读卡器不仅能够完成多标签识别,并且能够与BECPS完美结合,实现了人员信息的无线上传。     

A 5 GHz LC-VCO frequency synthesizer for unlicensed band of WiMAX

This paper presents a low power and low phase noise CMOS integer-N frequency synthesizer based on the charge-pump Phase Locked Loop (PLL) topology. The frequency synthesizer can be used for IEEE 802.16 unlicensed band of WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access). The operation frequency of the proposed design is ranged from 5.13 to 5.22 GHz. The proposed Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) achieves low power consumption and low phase noise. The high speed divider is implemented by an optimal extended true single phase clock (E-TSPC) prescaler. It can achieve higher operating frequency and lower power consumption. A new frequency divider is also proposed to eliminate the hardware overhead of the S counter in the conventional programmable divider. The proposed frequency synthesizer consists of a phase-frequency detector (PFD), a charge pump, a low-pass loop filter, a VCO, and a frequency divider. The simulated phase noise of the proposed VCO is −121.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency. The proposed frequency synthesizer consumes 13.1 mW. The chip with an area of 1.048 × 1.076 mm² is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS 1P6M technology process.     

Passive UHF RFID in Paper Industry: Challenges, Benefits and the Application Environment

Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems for the paper industry is an emerging research topic due to the need for an automated identification system for the paper industry which would carry on the identification codes of paper and board reels throughout their life cycle. This paper discusses the application of passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID systems to the paper industry. Challenges, benefits, and the application environment of using passive UHF RFID systems in the paper industry are presented and discussed. The major challenges are development of globally operable tag antenna designs and integration of reader units and reader antennas to paper handling machinery. To confront and solve these challenges, this paper presents novel tag antenna designs for paper and board reel identification and proposes solutions for reader and reader antenna integration to paper handling machinery. In addition, the identification locations within the paper reel supply chain and the effects of RFID systems to supply chain visibility are presented and discussed. In addition, test results of using passive UHF RFID systems in the paper industry environment are presented.     

A low offset chopper amplifier with three-stage nested Miller configuration

A low offset,low noise chopper amplifier for sensor system application is presented.Low 1/f noise is achieved by employing chopper technique,and low offset is achieved by employing residual offset suppression circuit.The open-loop gain is extended using three-stage nested Miller configuration.The chip was implemented in 0.5μm 2P3M CMOS process.The amplifier is featured by an open-loop gain of 135 dB and a GBW of3 MHz.The measured offset voltage is 3μV,and the equivalent input noise power spectrum density at 1 Hz is96 nV/√Hz.     

ID-Services: an RFID middleware architecture for mobile applications

The use of RFID middleware to support application development for and integration of RFID hardware into information systems has become quite common in RFID applications where reader devices remain stationary, which currently represents the largest part of all RFID applications in use. Another field for applying RFID technology which is offering a huge set of novel possibilities and applications are mobile applications, where readers are no longer fixed. In order to address the specific issues of mobile RFID-enabled applications and to support developers in rapid application development, we present ID-Services, an architecture for an RFID middleware that is designed to support mobile applications. The ID-Services approach has been used to implement MoVIS (Mobile Visitor Information System), a mobile application which allows museum visitors to request individually adapted multimedia information about exhibits in an intuitive way.