螯合型缓蚀剂—N-酰代肌氨酸型化合物

N—酰代肌氨酸型化合物是一类具有螯合性能的表面活性剂,同时也是一类新型的缓蚀剂。在这类化合物中,螯合基团和表面活性基团统一于同一个分子上,其与金属离子的螯合能力增强了它在金属表面的化学吸附;它的长链疏水基团复盖了金属表面,形成疏水屏障,起到保护金属的作用;它在金属表面形成致密的单分子层保护膜,可提供良好的缓蚀性能。此外,这类化合物能与多种缓蚀剂起协同效应,因此具有缓蚀率高、投加量低之优点。其无毒、无公害的优点更为可取。因此,它是一类很有发展前途的水处理药剂。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工工艺与应用性能(Ⅲ)——N-酰基ED3A的应用性能

主要介绍了N-酰基ED3A螯合性表面活性剂的表面活性、泡沫稳定性、螯合能力、洗涤能力、润湿能力等性能,认为当烷链长度在12～18时,该类表面活性剂同时具备优异的表面活性和螯合性,泡沫稳定性好,尤其在电解质存在下.但该类表面活性剂的表面活性等性能与体系pH有一定的相关性,其螯合能力与表面活性剂的浓度也有相关性.     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能（Ⅲ）——N-酰基ED3A的应用性能

主要介绍了N-酰基ED3A螯合性表面活性剂的表面活性、泡沫稳定性、螯合能力、洗涤能力、润湿能力等性能,认为当烷链长度在12~18时,该类表面活性剂同时具备优异的表面活性和螯合性,泡沫稳定性好,尤其在电解质存在下。但该类表面活性剂的表面活性等性能与体系pH有一定的相关性,其螯合能力与表面活性剂的浓度也有相关性。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能(Ⅱ)——ED3A螯合性表面活性剂的合成

以ED3A为亲水基团的螯合性表面活性剂同时具有良好的表面活性和络合金属离子的作用.介绍了N-酰基ED3A和N-烷基ED3A两类螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺,并对现有各种工艺路线的优缺点做了评述,预计了其工业发展前景,展望了此类螯合性表面活性剂的发展方向.     

N-酰基乙二胺三乙酸类表面活性剂的结构特点与物化性能

重点介绍了螯合性表面活性剂-N-酰基乙二胺三乙酸钠的制备与性能，该类表面活性剂同时具备表面活性和螯合性，对人体和环境温和，与其他表面活性剂的配伍性好，与酶，漂白剂的相容性好，对金属具有防腐和钝化作用。具有广泛的应用领域。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能（Ⅱ）——ED3A蝥合性表面活性剂的合成

以ED3A为亲水基团的螯合性表面活性剂同时具有良好的表面活性和络合金属离子的作用。介绍了N-酰基ED3A和N-烷基ED3A两类螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺，并对现有各种工艺路线的优缺点做了评述，预计了其工业发展前景，展望了此类螯合性表面活性剂的发展方向。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能(Ⅳ)——N-酰基ED3A的应用

介绍了N-酰基ED3A螯合性表面活性剂与其他表面活性剂优异的配伍性能,复配产品能明显提高混合体系的耐盐性和抗硬水性,与酶、漂白剂相容性好,具有一定的助溶能力,适于配制无磷、超浓缩重垢液体洗涤剂、香波、浴液等个人清洁用品。重点介绍了此类表面活性剂的典型品种月桂酰基ED3A钠盐优异的表面活性与较强的螯合能力,它可以牢固地吸附在金属表面,抑制低碳钢在酸性条件下的腐蚀速度,使不锈钢在碱性条件下表面钝化,非常适于配制金属清洗剂、家具清洗剂等硬表面清洗剂,还可用于工业清洗、电渡、乳液聚合、浮选等领域。     

N-酰基乙二胺三乙酸——一种具有螯合性能的表面活性剂(英)

开发出一类新型的具有螯合性能的表面活性剂。其具有很强的表面活性，非常柔和，易生物降解，同时具有抗硬水性、螯合多价金属离子能力。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能（Ⅵ）——由柠檬酸衍生的螯合性表面活性剂

介绍了由柠檬酸衍生的两类螯合性表面活性剂的合成与性能,重点介绍了柠檬酸脂肪醇单酯的合成方法与应用性能。认为:柠檬酸高级脂肪醇单酯不仅两种原料来源于可再生资源,合成工艺技术相对成熟,而且具有优异的螯合能力和表面活性,对人体和环境安全,应用领域广,市场前景好;由柠檬酸、邻苯二甲酸酐与不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇合成的螯合性表面活性剂CPEGP具有优异的螯合能力、乳化能力和分散能力,但起泡能力和泡沫稳定性差,可用作纺织过程的染色助剂。最后,建议以柠檬酸为原料开发其他品种的螯合性表面活性剂,尤其是作为耐盐性表面活性剂,以配制高矿化度油藏所需的驱油剂。     

螯合性表面活性剂的制备工艺与应用性能(Ⅰ)——早期研究

介绍了螯合性表面活性剂的国内外发展历史和早期研究成果,尤其是不同烷链长度EDTA单烷基酯和EDTA单烷基酰胺与不同种类金属离子生成的金属螯合物的表面活性、乳化能力、分散能力,对螯合性表面活性剂及其金属螯合物的应用提出了新的见解。     

Electrocatalytic activity of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes with different morphologies for oxygen reduction reaction

Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were synthesized by a single step chemical vapor deposition technique using either ferrocene or iron(II) phthalocyanine as catalyst and pyridine as the carbon and nitrogen precursor. Variations in surface morphology and electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were observed between the NCNTs synthesized using different catalysts. The structural and chemical characterizations were carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical activity of NCNTs was evaluated with rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) voltammetry. Structural characterization suggested more defects formed on the NCNTs synthesized from ferrocene (Fc-NCNTs) which led to a rugged surface morphology compared to the NCNTs synthesized from iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc-NCNTs). Based on the RRDE voltammetry study, Fc-NCNTs demonstrated much higher activity for ORR than FePc-NCNT. Evidences from the structural and chemical characterizations illustrate the potential impact of catalyst structure in shaping the surface structure of NCNTs and the positive effect of surface defects on ORR activity. These results showed that potential improvements on ORR activity of NCNTs could be achieved by tailoring the surface structure of NCNTs by using catalysts with different structures.     

茶皂素提取工艺及其应用研究进展

介绍了从茶籽饼提取茶皂素的生产工艺以及茶皂素的化学组成和理化性质,并重点综述了其表面活性、生物活性、药理活性及其在化妆品、洗涤剂和纺织工业等领域的研究和应用;就目前的生产和使用情况提出了一些看法和需要解决的问题。     

镁合金表面防护涂层的研究进展

镁合金以其高比强度、比模量和优异的力学性能,已在众多领域受到广泛关注。但是,化学活性高、耐蚀性能差的缺陷制约了其应用范围。寻找一种合适的表面处理方法已成为必然。本文概述了国内外关于镁合金表面防护涂层的研究现状,主要有化学转化膜、阳极氧化膜、金属涂(镀)层、激光表面合金改性层、气相沉积层和溶胶-凝胶涂层等。展望了镁合金表面防护涂层的发展趋势。     

空气低温等离子体对Ni基催化剂的改性作用

用平行板电极电晕放电模式．对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中的Ni基催化剂采用空气低温等离子体处理．对等离子体处理前后催化剂的活性和选择性进行了评价,同时也对这些催化剂进行了热重(TG)和光电子能谱(XPS)等表征。结果发现等离子体处理后能提高催化活性、选择性和抗积炭性,处理前后催化剂表面Ni的化合价态及体相晶态均未发生变化。     

Synthesis,Characterization and Surface Activity of New Eco-friendly Schiff Bases Vanillin Derived Cationic Surfactants

Three eco-friendly cationic surface active agents were synthesized from the chemical modification of vanillin. The chemical structures of these surfactants were confirmed using elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectra. The surface activity measurements showed their high tendency towards adsorption and micellization and their good surface tension reduction, low interfacial tension. The emulsion stability measurements showed acceptable efficiency as emulsifying agents for short term emulsions. The biodegradability tests revealed that these compounds are eco-friendly and had completely degraded in 30 days.     

Designing surface alloys with specific active sites

This report describes a combined experimental and theoretical approach to the problem of designing surface alloys with specific chemical properties. Au-Ni(111) surface alloys were prepared and the distribution of active sites was determined by atomically resolved STM as a function of Au coverage. Using density functional theory the difference in activation energy for methane over the various sites was determined. The activity of the surface could be predicted directly by combining this information with the distribution of sites. Subsequent measurements of the activity proved this method to be quantitative and demonstrated that surface alloys with specific activity can be synthesized.     

碱金属碳酸盐对CaO高温固硫促进作用的研究

提高 ＣａＯ的固硫是对煤炭燃烧污染防治的研究热点．采用热天平测试研究在 ＣａＯ中添加不同碳酸盐的固硫反应的进程,并采用等效粒子模型处理实验数据,计算了表面化学反应控制阶段及产物层扩散控制阶段的动力学参数．实验及计算结果表明, ＣａＯ固硫反应初期为表面化学反应控制阶段,后期转为产物层扩散控制阶段．以碱金属碳酸盐为催化剂,能使固硫反应前期的化学反应控制阶段的反应活化能下降,并按 Ｌｉ, Ｎａ, Ｋ, Ｃｓ的顺序依次递减．将不同的碳酸盐作为固硫促进剂的 ＣａＯ加入型煤中,都得到了较高的固硫效率．     

Carbon materials as catalyst supports for SO2 oxidation: catalytic activity of CuO-AC

Copper catalysts supported on acid treated activated carbon (AC) were prepared, characterized and tested in terms of their SO₂ oxidation activity. Reactions of CuO-AC in flow systems with sulfur dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen streams were investigated to determine the types of chemical interactions that occur on the sorbent surface. The effects of reaction temperature, acid treatment, metal loading, support particle size, SO₂ concentration and O₂ concentration on SO₂ oxidation activity were evaluated. It was found that carbon materials used as catalyst supports for copper oxide catalysts provided a high catalytic activity for adsorbing SO₂ from flue gas and oxidizing it. Acid pretreatment of the carbon supports increased the content of specific surface chemical groups to enhance the catalytic activity for SO₂ oxidation. Metal loading, as well as support particle size, have a significant influence on the SO₂ activity. The supported metals rather than surface oxygen functional groups on AC may be the active sites for adsorbing SO₂.     

Electrocatalytic activity of carbon-supported Pt-Au nanoparticles for methanol electro-oxidation

Pt-modified Au nanoparticles on carbon support were prepared and analyzed as electrocatalysts for methanol electro-oxidation. In this paper, a novel chemical strategy is described for the preparation and characterization of carbon-supported and Pt-modified Au nanoparticles, which were prepared by using a successive reduction process. After preparing Au colloid nanoparticles (∼3.5 nm diameter), Au nanoparticles were supported spontaneously on the surface of carbon black in the aqueous solution. Then a nanoscaled Pt layer was deposited on the surface of carbon-supported Au nanoparticles by the chemical reduction. The structural information and electrocatalytic activities of the Pt-modified Au nanoparticles were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results indicate that carbon-supported Au nanoparticles were modified with the reduced Pt atoms selectively. The Pt-modified Au nanoparticles showed the higher electrocatalytic activity for methanol electro-oxidation reaction than the commercial one (Johnson-Matthey). The increased electrocatalytic activity might be attributed to the effective surface structure of Pt-modified Au nanoparticles, which have a high utilization of Pt for surface reaction of methanol electro-oxidation.     

Surface coverage of Pt atoms on PtCo nanoparticles and catalytic kinetics for oxygen reduction

The surface coverage of Pt atoms on PtCo nanoparticles and its effect on catalytic kinetics for oxygen reduction were investigated. The PtCo nanoparticles with different surface coverage of Pt atoms were synthesized with various methods, including normal chemical method, microemulsion synthesis, and ultrasound-assisted microemulsion. A model of Pt atoms filling into a spherical nanoparticle was proposed to explain the relationship of surface metal atoms and nanoparticle size. The catalytic activity of the PtCo nano-particles is highly dependent on the synthetic methods, even if they have the same chemical composition. The PtCo nano-particles synthesized with ultrasound-assisted microemulsion showed the highest activity, which is attributed to an increase of active surface coverage of Pt atoms on the metal nanoparticles. The rate of oxygen reduction at 0.5 V (vs. SCE) catalyzed by the PtCo synthesized with ultrasound-assisted micro-emulsion was about four times higher than that of the PtCo synthesized with normal chemical method. As demonstrated with rotating-ring disk electrode measurement, the PtCo nano-particles can catalyze oxygen 4-electron reduction to water without intermediate H₂O₂ detected.