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1.
孙克 《农药》2011,50(12)
探讨了农药、医药新药创制的发展历程、理论和方法,介绍了农药、医药在新药创制中的相互促进作用.  相似文献   

2.
以铅膏为研究对象,采用碳酸钠为脱硫剂,系统研究了碳酸钠浓度对铅膏脱硫率及铅收得率的影响,并借助化学分析、扫描电镜分析仪(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)揭示了铅膏脱硫反应机理,计算了动力学参数。结果表明,铅膏脱硫率随碳酸钠浓度的增加而增大,而铅收得率变化规律相反。铅膏主要由硫酸铅及铅的氧化物组成。在碳酸钠浓度小于0.150 mol/L时,脱硫产物中主要以PbCO3和Pb3(CO32(OH)2形式存在;随着浓度的增加,PbCO3不断向Pb3(CO32(OH)2转化,并最终转化为NaPb2(CO32(OH)2,导致铅收得率降低。铅膏脱硫过程活化能随浓度的增大而减小,受化学反应控制。浓度低于0.208 mol/L时,活化能降低幅度较大,由7.275 kJ/mol降至5.312 kJ/mol,之后活化能随浓度的增加变化程度较小。  相似文献   

3.
    
We retrace Prof. François Diederich's consultancy work for Roche and its impact over the years he worked with us. François Diederich uniquely shaped our approach to molecular design, and interactions with him and his research group at ETH Zurich have created deep insights into molecular recognition. Herein we share how his style and approach continue to inspire us.  相似文献   

4.
水中铅的原子荧光光谱测定法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用原子荧光光谱法测定水中铅。实验结果表明,线性关系良好(在标准曲线质量浓度为0.00~10.00μg/L内,平均相关系数γ为0.9990),精密度较好(相对标准偏差为0.96%~3.52%),准确度、灵敏度较高(加标回收率为90.3%~108.4%,最低检出限为0.09μg/L),是测定水中铅的较好方法。  相似文献   

5.
采用氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定了银杏叶中的有效铅,考察了仪器的工作条件、酸介质浓度、载流浓度、硼氢化钾浓度等对原子荧光强度的影响。实验结果表明,银杏叶中有效铅的含量水平在0~0.002mg/L之间,加标回收率为87.50%~93.75%。  相似文献   

6.
建立了一套应用氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定化学试剂中铅、砷含量的方法.对液体类型化学试剂(如HCl、H2SO4、HNO3等)和固体类型化学试剂(如NaOH、K2Cr2O,、KMnO4等)分别采用氧化还原、酸碱处理等方法进行处理,建立了样品的前处理方法.研究了测定样品中铅、砷的合理曲线拟合范围,仪器灯电流、负高压、载气流量、屏蔽气流量与荧光强度的相关性,共存背景物质的干扰情况,以及测定过程中酸的种类及酸度大小对试验结果的影响.结果表明,此方法简便、快速、准确.测定铅、砷的线性范围分别在0~40ug/L和0~40ug/L,相关系数分别为0.9999和0.9998.相对偏差小于1.0%,加标回收率分别为99.18%、100.78%.  相似文献   

7.
机械力化学合成纳米晶PZT的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过研究PbO-ZrO2-TiO2机械力化学过程,探明了机械力化学法制备PZT纳米粉体的工艺条件。在一定操作参数的条件下(公转转速250 r/min,自转转速为62.5 r/min)粉磨60 b,能够制备出10~30 nm PZT纳米粉体。采用XRD,DTA,SEM,TEM对不同粉磨时间的混合粉体进行表征分析。发现机械力化学合成纳米粉体经过颗粒细化、晶粒尺寸减小、晶格畸变、混合物粉体无定形化、固相反应等阶段。铅黄型PbO经高能球磨晶型转变为密陀僧型PbO,混合物粉体保持化学计量。  相似文献   

8.
    
The traditional theory-based technologies on reaction prediction are not efficient due to their heavy dependence on human expertise and experience. To this end, this article proposes a framework for predictions of potential organic reactions based on reaction templates and two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN) model. The quantum mechanics-based σ-profiles and the sub-molecular structure-based ECFP4 are used individually to encode chemical reactions. Using 605,753 patented reactions extracted from the USPTO 1976-2016 database and their generated counterparts, the 2D CNN models are trained to evaluate the likelihood of molecular transformations by learning the feature differences between reactants and products. The classification accuracies of the σ-profiles-based model and the ECFP4-based model for the non-trained reactions are 97.881 and 99.593%. Challenging reactions from literature involving identification of chemo-, stereo-, and regio-selectivity are correctly predicted. Furthermore, a σ-profiles-based visual reaction fingerprint is introduced to provide novel insights into the model interpretability.  相似文献   

9.
靶向药物由于其药效好、特异性强且毒副作用小,已成为全球新药研发的热点。配体与大分子之间的相互作用在寻找先导化合物的过程中至关重要。亲和筛选可以解决传统筛选技术过高的假阳性和假阴性的概率及逐一测定化合物活性的限制等问题,相比传统的生物测定有明显的优势。  相似文献   

10.
胡福临  巨修练 《世界农药》2013,(5):17-22,33
新烟碱类杀虫剂是近20年来的明星,在世界范围内受到广泛欢迎.简要介绍昆虫烟碱乙酰胆碱受体分子多样性,分析烟碱与新烟碱类化合物活性差异原因,并综述了烟碱乙酰胆碱受体与新烟碱类杀虫剂的相互作用研究进展;通过分析新烟碱类化合物的分子多样性,以期开发出更加高效、安全的新烟碱类杀虫剂.  相似文献   

11.
    
The focus of mainstream lithium-ion battery (LIB) research is on increasing the battery’s capacity and performance; however, more effort should be invested in LIB safety for widespread use. One aspect of major concern for LIB cells is the gas generation phenomenon. Following conventional battery engineering practices with electrolyte additives, we examined the potential usage of electrolyte additives to address this specific issue and found a feasible candidate in divinyl sulfone (DVSF). We manufactured four identical battery cells and employed an electrolyte mixture with four different DVSF concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%). By measuring the generated gas volume from each battery cell, we demonstrated the potential of DVSF additives as an effective approach for reducing the gas generation in LIB cells. We found that a DVSF concentration of only 1% was necessary to reduce the gas generation by approximately 50% while simultaneously experiencing a negligible impact on the cycle life. To better understand this effect on a molecular level, we examined possible electrochemical reactions through ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) based on the density functional theory (DFT). From the electrolyte mixture’s exposure to either an electrochemically reductive or an oxidative environment, we determined the reaction pathways for the generation of CO2 gas and the mechanism by which DVSF additives effectively blocked the gas’s generation. The key reaction was merging DVSF with cyclic carbonates, such as FEC. Therefore, we concluded that DVSF additives could offer a relatively simplistic and effective approach for controlling the gas generation in lithium-ion batteries.  相似文献   

12.
Mitsunobu反应合成单取代β-环糊精胺基衍生物   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在超分子化学领域,胺基修饰环糊精是一类合成化学修饰环糊精的重要中间体。传统方法需要多步反应才能实现环糊精胺基衍生物的合成。以β-环糊精为起始原料,经两步Mitsunobu反应合成了标题化合物。和传统方法相比,该方法步骤短且收率较高,为环糊精衍生物的合成提供了一种新的选择。  相似文献   

13.
介绍一种饲料级磷酸氢钙中微量铅的测定方法。用盐酸溶液溶解后的试样,在HCl-K3Ye(CN)6-NaBH。反应体系中,采用氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定铅含量。本方法相关系数r=0.9987,加标平均回收率范围在98.45%~100.75%.  相似文献   

14.
报道了新显色剂二溴对甲基偶氮溴磺的合成方法.研究了在酸性介质中,新显色剂与铅的反应,在0.24mol·L磷酸介质中,显色剂与铅(Ⅱ)形成2∶1蓝色配合物,其最大吸收波长为638nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为8.44×10L·mol·cm,铅含量在0-25μg/25mL范围内符合比耳定律.拟定的方法用于铜合金中微量铅的测定,结果满意.  相似文献   

15.
利用DMol3分子模拟软件对二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、氢化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)3种异氰酸酯自聚反应进行了模拟计算;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对不同异氰酸酯在催化剂2,4,6-三(二甲胺基甲基)苯酚(DMP-30)作用下的三聚反应进行了跟踪,研究了不同催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间下3种异氰酸酯的自聚反应动力学。结果表明,异氰酸酯自聚反应倾向生成稳定的六元环结构;3种异氰酸酯三聚反应均为二级反应,MDI在加入催化剂质量分数0.05%时,反应的活化能为26.1 kJ/mol,IPDI和HMDI在加入催化剂质量分数2%时,反应的活化能分别为13.5 kJ/mol和49.9 kJ/mol。  相似文献   

16.
    
Poly ethylene terephthalate (PET)-based nanocomposites containing three differently modified clays were prepared by melt compounding. The influence of type of modified clay on surface properties of the resultant nanocomposite was investigated by various analytic techniques, namely, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurement (CAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and reflectance spectroscopy (RS). Any possible interaction between each nanoclay and PET at the surface was elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy studies of the resultant nanocomposites showed increased in surface roughness compared to pure PET. Contact angle measurements on the resultant PET composites demonstrated that the wettability of such composites depends on hydrophilicity of the nanoclay particles. Scanning electron microscopy images illustrated poor interfacial interaction between PET and Na+ clay particles causing fracture type non-uniformity of PET/Na+ clay nanocomposite.  相似文献   

17.
18.
分子印迹技术的应用进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
综述了分子印迹技术在化学反应和提取分离中的应用,并对其面临的问题及应用前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

19.
以对硝基苯酚为原料,在甲酸三乙胺盐和铅的作用下,在甲醇中室温反应经过还原反应得到了4,4‘-二羟基偶氮苯.考察了反应时间、铅及甲酸三乙胺盐的用量对产率的影响,得出了反应的适宜条件:反应时间2.5小时,铅的用量2 g,甲酸三乙胺盐的用量4 g,反应的转化率达82%.用红外光谱、元素分析对其进行了表征.  相似文献   

20.
王学明  李晓红  李文英 《化工学报》2021,72(10):5196-5205
以Pt为活性组分、经不同浓度草酸铝处理的USY分子筛为载体,制备了Pt/USY催化剂,并用于菲一步加氢饱和反应和加氢异构反应体系。由于金属活性位点Pt上易发生加氢反应,USY载体酸性位点上易发生异构反应和裂解反应,实验分别考察了Pt颗粒、载体的酸强度和酸量对菲转化率和产物分布的影响。结果表明,活性金属Pt颗粒尺寸及分散度直接影响菲加氢饱和产物分布;草酸处理后制备的催化剂Pt/0.05-USY、Pt/0.1-USY较未经酸处理的Pt/USY更利于菲加氢反应。全氢蒽是菲向目标产物烷基金刚烷转化的关键中间产物,异构产物烷基金刚烷生成需在USY分子筛Br?nsted酸位点完成;随着催化剂载体酸量和酸强度的降低,裂解反应程度迅速减弱;菲加氢反应最终产物以加氢饱和反应产物为主;使用Pt/0.1-USY催化剂异构反应产物烷基金刚烷收率为2.3%。  相似文献   

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