基于稳态功率修正的混合储能新型控制策略研究

超级电容在响应系统功率波动时,荷电状态与额定值相比会产生一定偏移。针对该问题,文章在直流母线电压变化率进入稳定状态后,提出了在蓄电池电流内环增加与超级电容实际荷电状态有关的扰动项,改变蓄电池及超级电容的参考电流,实现稳态下蓄电池对超级电容的功率修正,最终使超级电容的荷电状态自动恢复至额定值。将所提的基于稳态功率修正的混合储能控制策略应用于直流微网并进行仿真,结果表明,该策略能够增强混合储能可靠性,减少超级电容配置容量,提高微网的稳定性和经济性。     

微网孤岛模式下逆变器双闭环控制策略

微网系统孤岛运行时,失去电网电压和频率的支撑,传统的单闭环电压控制已经无法满足对逆变器的有效控制。文章在传统单闭环电压控制的基础上,加入电流内环,采用电压预同步控制,对交流母线电压和频率有效控制,减小逆变器输出电流对电网的冲击。引入电容电流前馈解耦,保证逆变器输出功率实时满足不同负载的功率变化,提高了系统带感性负载时的稳定性。通过仿真分析,该控制策略实现了交流侧母线电压和频率的稳定,且系统带不同负载时,逆变器具有较好的动态响应性能,验证了该控制策略的有效性和正确性。     

光伏直流微电网超级电容储能控制策略研究

光伏直流微电网有离网和并网两种工作模式。离网模式下,由于负荷及分布式电源功率变化,导致母线电压波动;并网模式下,微电网输入功率变动以及非线性负载产生的低次谐波会使并网电流脉动,影响电能质量。文章提出了基于超级电容的储能控制方案,利用超级电容的快速充放电特性,离网运行时在传统双闭环控制方案中加入电压的功率微分控制,稳定直流母线电压的波动;并网模式时提出一种并网电流脉动补偿控制方案,降低并网电流的脉动,提高电能质量。最后,仿真建模验证了所提控制方案能有效解决直流母线电压波动及并网电流脉动的问题。     

考虑超级电容荷电状态的光伏发电系统功率控制研究

针对光伏出力的波动性和间歇性,文章将蓄电池和超级电容器相结合的混合储能系统HESS(Hybrid Energy Storage System)应用到光伏并网系统,实现了光伏系统的功率平滑,平衡能量,提高并网电能质量。同时考虑到低通滤波法在进行功率分配时存在滤波时间常数难以计算的问题,就蓄电池与超级电容提出一种由超级电容荷电状态(SOC)来反馈二者功率分配的控制策略;该策略以超级电容的SOC和功率分配单元的输出功率作为参考值,对混合储能系统充放电过程进行设计。仿真结果表明:与低通滤波法相比,文章所提功率分配控制策略延长了蓄电池的使用年限,防止了超级电容器的过充、过放,而且实现了单位功率因数并网。     

A power allocation strategy of a hybrid energy storage system for a PV grid-connected system

针对光伏并网系统中光伏微电源出力的波动性和间歇性,将蓄电池和超级电容器构成的混合储能系统HESS（hybrid energy storage system）应用到光伏并网系统中可以实现光伏功率平滑、能量平衡以及提高并网电能质量。在同时考虑蓄电池的功率上限和超级电容的荷电状态（SOC）的情况下,对混合储能系统提出了基于超级电容SOC的功率分配策略;该策略以超级电容的SOC和功率分配单元的输出功率作为参考值,对混合储能系统充放电过程进行设计。超级电容和蓄电池以Bi-direction DC/DC变换器与500 V直流母线连接,其中超级电容通过双闭环控制策略对直流母线电压进行控制。仿真结果表明,所提功率分配策略能对混合储能系统功率合理分配,而且实现了单位功率因数并网,稳定了直流母线电压。     

基于多个松弛终端的直流母线电压分层控制策略研究

独立运行的多微源直流微电网,因其抗扰动能力弱,需要制定合理的能量管理控制策略来平衡微源间的功率流动,实现直流微电网的稳定运行。采用基于多个松弛终端的直流母线电压分层控制策略实现直流微电网的协调控制,当直流微电网中光伏发电功率或者负载发生变化时,通过松弛终端来维持直流母线电压稳定。根据电压分层控制策略,文章所研究的微网组网中松弛终端是超级电容、蓄电池和燃料电池,分别采用双闭环电流电压控制、基于电压的下垂控制和恒压控制实现孤岛模式下分布式发电系统和混合储能系统间的功率平衡。其中光伏发电根据需要可以作为松弛终端,也可以作为功率终端。通过仿真分析研究,验证了该控制策略的良好效果。     

基于功率交互和充放速率优化的交直流混合微网控制策略研究

针对具有间歇性和波动性的风光分布式微源,为保证微电网电能质量具有较高的可靠性和稳定性,建立具有燃气轮机和混合储能系统的交直流微网结构并提出一种新型的功率分配策略,可增强微网孤岛运行的灵活性。该控制策略将系统总功率差额进行滤波后采用蓄电池承担负载瞬间波动功率的低频分量且对其功率吞吐速率进行优化控制,蓄电池并维持母线电压的稳定;超级电容提供其差值功率,同时系统能量平稳后由蓄电池承担超级电容产生能量的盈亏,时刻维持其电压初始状态,实现储能间的功率交互并且可有效降低对其配置设备容量的要求。分析混储系统无法长期运行时与燃气轮机的协调控制情况。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink混合储能交直流微网的算例仿真,验证所提能量管理方案的可行性和控制策略的有效性。     

直流微网中光伏并离网储能系统研究

研究一种直流微网中光伏并离网储能系统,它能够判断光伏阵列、本地负载和蓄电池等的状态,实现包括并网在内的多种工作模式。而双向DC-DC连接蓄电池和直流母线,是一个高变比的DC-DC变换器,它能够实现光伏阵列、电网和蓄电池之间的能量交换,调节母线电压,是直流微网中光伏并离网储能系统的关键部分。首先研究直流微网中光伏并离网储能系统的各种运行模式,并针对该系统的储能模块提出一种解决方案,实现光伏并离网系统的多模式运行。研制一台3 k W直流微网中光伏离并网储能系统样机。     

虚拟同步发电机并离网无缝切换控制策略研究

针对常规逆变装置并网时电压相位幅值不同步,以及逆变装置内环控制结构瞬时变化给电网带来冲击和不稳定问题,文章提出一种多运行模式下统一电压电流双环控制结构、基于虚拟同步发电机(VSG)算法的逆变器并离网无缝切换策略。该策略包括孤岛模式并网的预同步控制策略、离网控制策略、有功功率和无功功率的并网冲击抑制、根据负荷变化在线实时整定并网预同步相角差、及时调整输出电压相位的算法。在逆变器带阻性、阻感性负载时对所提并离网切换策略进行了仿真验证,证明了算法的可靠性,有效实现了对于电网、负荷以及直流侧储能的无冲击平滑并网。     

含低风速分布式风电的交直流混合配电网的直流母线电压控制

为促进接近负荷中心的低风速风电开发和并网,文章在Matlab/Simulink中构建了一种含低风速分布式风电的新型交直流混合配电系统。针对低风速高湍流特性导致的直流母线电压波动问题,提出了一种改进控制策略。该策略在风电机组直流母线前加装超级电容,并以风功率预测值设计超级电容输出功率前馈控制,通过维持直流母线注入功率稳定抑制直流母线电压波动。研究结果表明,改进电压控制策略能够有效抑制高湍流风速下直流母线电压波动。     

smart grid millionaire

Technology is now changing quickly enough in the energy industry that the field experience with network integration of photovoltaic (PV), with integration of wind power, with the increased energy storage as available with energy storage, and the resulting impact on reregulation and market interaction is hard to disseminate internationally. The integration of renewable resources and energy storage are widely documented as a viable solution.     

Capturing grid power

Making electricity grids "smarter" and modernizing them so that they can accept large amounts of renewable energy resources are fairly universally accepted as steps necessary to achieve a clean and secure electric power industry. The best way to achieve this goal is a topic of debate among power system designers. Although energy storage in utility grids has existed for many decades, the impact of storage in future grids is receiving more attention than ever from system designers, grid operations and regulators. The amount of storage in a grid and its value is also a subject of debate. Understanding the leading storage technologies and how they can affect grid operations is an important first step in this assessment.     

North-South grid interconnection

Gas grid development offers a model for North-South cooperation in electric power system interconnection and growth. At this time, when most developing countries outside the new industrial countries are suffering their worst ever recession, attention must go to ‘recycling’ the vast capital surpluses that now exist in the North. A new ‘Marshall Plan’, on a North-South level, is called for. Investment should aim to reverse recession, then sustain economic growth: for this electric power is vital. The huge power potentials of many developing countries should logically be developed in a global, cooperative, multilateral framework.     

Multi-stage power source and grid coordination planning method considering grid uniformity

Given the increasing uncertainties in power supply and load, this paper proposes the concept of power source and grid coordination uniformity planning. In this approach, the standard deviation of the transmission line load rate is considered as the uniformity evaluation index for power source and grid planning. A multi-stage and multi-objective optimization model of the power source and grid expansion planning is established to minimize the comprehensive cost of the entire planning cycle. In this study, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm are combined to solve the model, thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of the solution. The analysis of a simple IEEE Garver’s 6-node system shows that the model and solution method are effective and feasible. Moreover, they are suitable for the coordinated planning of the power source and grid under a diversified nature of power supply and load.     

PMSG发电系统不平衡电网下网侧变流器控制研究

文章通过对电网不平衡情况下风力发电系统的分析,提出了以抑制负序不平衡电流为主要控制方法的网侧变流器控制策略。为维持不平衡下直流母线电压的稳定,提出电流微分前馈的控制方法,结合以上两点控制方法设计出电网不平衡下永磁直驱风力发电系统网侧变流器综合控制策略,该控制方法结构相对简单、有效,并具有一定的低电压穿越能力。最后在Matlab/Simulink下仿真验证了3 MW永磁直驱风机控制的有效性。     

Reconsidering solar grid parity

Grid parity–reducing the cost of solar energy to be competitive with conventional grid-supplied electricity–has long been hailed as the tipping point for solar dominance in the energy mix. Such expectations are likely to be overly optimistic. A realistic examination of grid parity suggests that the cost-effectiveness of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems may be further away than many are hoping for. Furthermore, cost-effectiveness may not guarantee commercial competitiveness. Solar hot water technology is currently far more cost-effective than photovoltaic technology and has already reached grid parity in many places. Nevertheless, the market penetration of solar water heaters remains limited for reasons including unfamiliarity with the technologies and high upfront costs. These same barriers will likely hinder the adoption of distributed solar photovoltaic systems as well. The rapid growth in PV deployment in recent years is largely policy-driven and such rapid growth would not be sustainable unless governments continue to expand financial incentives and policy mandates, as well as address regulatory and market barriers.     

Dawn of the grid synchronization

In summary, the findings described in the article should serve as a base for deployment of individual roadmaps by the users and guide vendors to prioritize their development to support the grid revitalization and reliability for the 21st century.