磁场中的超导金属小粒子

将平均场方法同无规矩阵理论结合用于研究外加磁场对不同自旋s基态金属小粒子超导电性的影响。我们发现，超导电性仍然会随着粒子尺寸的减小而衰减；外加磁场的存在将会使得除s＞0任何态产生超导增强效应。而对s=0，超导增强效应总是存在的。     

用随机矩阵理论研究金属纳米粒子的超导电性

用随机矩阵理论研究了金属纳米粒子的超导电性,较容易地揭示了金属纳米粒子的超导增强和减弱效应,得到了纳米粒子的自旋配位对其超导性有重要影响,还得到外磁场对自旋S>0的态可产生增强效应。     

金属小粒子超导电性研究

用统计系统理论对遵从高斯正交系统的所有金属小粒子的不同自旋态SZ＝0,1／2,1,3／2,2,5／2…进行了研究,发现以上各态均存在临界能间距dc/△（0）＝13．81,1．85,0．81,0．50,0．36,0．28…随着粒子尺寸的减小,其超导电性终究会消失;金属小粒子自旋态越高,临界能间距dc越小,对自旋SZ＝0的态,确实存在超导增强效应。     

超导金属小粒子的电子比热研究

利用随机矩阵理论中能级统计的方法,考虑能级分布和能级关联的影响,给出适合于金属小粒子的自恰方程,并详细数值计算了无外场作用时超导金属小粒子s=0及s=1/2两个自旋态能隙参量和临界转变温度随金属小粒子粒径的变化规律,以及在不同粒径时的电子比热.并在自旋s=0时理论结果得到了实验上观察到的超导增强效应.     

金属小粒子超导电性的尺寸效应及其形成机制

利用推广的BCS平均场理论, 考虑随机矩阵理论所给予的能级统计和关联, 推导得出了适合奇偶两种电子数宇称的统一公式, 将公式用到3个Gauss系综的计算结果表明, 对于总自旋为零的Gauss正交系综(GOE)和Gauss幺正系综(GUE)中的金属小粒子, 可以从理论上再现金属小粒子随其尺寸变小, 所出现的超导电性先增强后衰减到零连续变化的实验现象, 而对Gauss辛系综(GSE)中的金属小粒子, 只有超导电性逐步衰减到零的现象. 经分析发现, 金属小粒子的超导增强现象来自于电子配对、轨道自旋耦合强度与外磁场强度的平衡, 而后者只有在计算中考虑系综的能谱统计特征才能体现.     

金属小粒子的超导电性

文章利用BCS理论的推广,对金属小粒子的超导电性进行了探索.得出金属小粒子的尺寸对其超导电性产生了强烈的影响,金属小粒子的能隙不再仅是温度的函数,同时也是小粒子尺寸或者电子能间距的函数。     

铁磁/超导结中铁磁性和超导电性的共存

利用BTK理论以及Nambu自旋格林函数方法计算了铁磁/超导结中的准粒子局域态密度(DOS).计算结果表明在铁磁一侧界面附近超导邻近效应引起了具有超导特征的准粒子局域态密度,而在超导一侧界面附近由反邻近效应引起了自旋相关的DOS,即呈现了一定的磁性.由此判断在结的界面附近有铁磁性和超导电性的共存现象.     

金属纳米粒子的超导临界半径计算

应用随机矩阵理论研究了金属纳米粒子的超导电性，特别是其临界超导半径。将计算结果同其他理论与实验相比较后发现：引入随机矩阵理论后得出的超导图像，与实验结果定性吻合。在理论上能同时给出纳米粒子超导性增强和减弱效应。     

高斯正交系综中金属小粒子的超导电性

利用推广的BCS场理论，考虑随机矩阵理论的能级统计，得到了适合奇偶两种电子数的金属小粒子能隙和超导转变温度的统一公式．计算结果表明，对于总自旋为零的、服从高斯正交系(GOE)的金属小粒子，可以从理论上定性再现其随其尺寸变小，所出现的超导电性先增强后衰减到零、连续变化的实验现象，说明了此类现象与库仑堵塞和能谱统计有关。     

超导电性理论特征

超导材料的种类非常广泛,有单质金属、合金材料、有机化合物、非金属单质、金属与非金属掺杂材料、金属氧化物等.从超导电性特征又分为非常规超导材料和常规超导材料.因此从超导电性的起源研究超导电性理论的特征具有重要的意义,既是重要的理论研究,又对合成、制备各种新型超导材料具有指导意义.分析研究了超导电性的本征特点,分别从超导的基本物理图像、同位素效应、超导转变温度计算公式表示等方面给出了常规超导体和非常规超导体的全面描述.同时理论上计算了一种有机复合超导材料.     

金属小粒子超导电性研究

摘要用统计系综理论对遵从高斯正交系综的所有金属小粒子的不同自旋态S     

Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in the d-band metal ZrZn2.

It has generally been believed that, within the context of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity, the conduction electrons in a metal cannot be both ferromagnetically ordered and superconducting. Even when the superconductivity has been interpreted as arising from magnetic mediation of the paired electrons, it was thought that the superconducting state occurs in the paramagnetic phase. Here we report the observation of superconductivity in the ferromagnetically ordered phase of the d-electron compound ZrZn2. The specific heat anomaly associated with the superconducting transition in this material appears to be absent, and the superconducting state is very sensitive to defects, occurring only in very pure samples. Under hydrostatic pressure superconductivity and ferromagnetism disappear at the same pressure, so the ferromagnetic state appears to be a prerequisite for superconductivity. When combined with the recent observation of superconductivity in UGe2 (ref. 4), our results suggest that metallic ferromagnets may universally become superconducting when the magnetization is small.     

Imaging the granular structure of high-Tc superconductivity in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta.

Granular superconductivity occurs when microscopic superconducting grains are separated by non-superconducting regions; Josephson tunnelling between the grains establishes the macroscopic superconducting state. Although crystals of the copper oxide high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors are not granular in a structural sense, theory suggests that at low levels of hole doping the holes can become concentrated at certain locations resulting in hole-rich superconducting domains. Granular superconductivity arising from tunnelling between such domains would represent a new view of the underdoped copper oxide superconductors. Here we report scanning tunnelling microscope studies of underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta that reveal an apparent segregation of the electronic structure into superconducting domains that are approximately 3 nm in size (and local energy gap <50 meV), located in an electronically distinct background. We used scattering resonances at Ni impurity atoms as 'markers' for local superconductivity; no Ni resonances were detected in any region where the local energy gap Delta > 50 +/- 2.5 meV. These observations suggest that underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta is a mixture of two different short-range electronic orders with the long-range characteristics of a granular superconductor.     

Enhanced supercurrent density in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) at 77 K from calcium doping of grain boundaries

With the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity, it seemed that the vision of superconducting power cables operating at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K) was close to realization. But it was soon found that the critical current density Jc of the supercurrents that can pass through these polycrystalline materials without destroying superconductivity is remarkably small. In many materials, Jc is suppressed at grain boundaries, by phenomena such as interface charging and bending of the electronic band structure. Partial replacement ('doping') of the yttrium in YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) with calcium has been used to increase grain-boundary Jc values substantially, but only at temperatures much lower than 77 K (ref. 9). Here we show that preferentially overdoping the grain boundaries, relative to the grains themselves, yields values of Jc at 77 K that far exceed previously published values. Our results indicate that grain-boundary doping is a viable approach for producing a practical, cost-effective superconducting power cable operating at liquid-nitrogen temperatures.     

Origin of the metallic properties of heavily boron-doped superconducting diamond

The physical properties of lightly doped semiconductors are well described by electronic band-structure calculations and impurity energy levels. Such properties form the basis of present-day semiconductor technology. If the doping concentration n exceeds a critical value n(c), the system passes through an insulator-to-metal transition and exhibits metallic behaviour; this is widely accepted to occur as a consequence of the impurity levels merging to form energy bands. However, the electronic structure of semiconductors doped beyond n(c) have not been explored in detail. Therefore, the recent observation of superconductivity emerging near the insulator-to-metal transition in heavily boron-doped diamond has stimulated a discussion on the fundamental origin of the metallic states responsible for the superconductivity. Two approaches have been adopted for describing this metallic state: the introduction of charge carriers into either the impurity bands or the intrinsic diamond bands. Here we show experimentally that the doping-dependent occupied electronic structures are consistent with the diamond bands, indicating that holes in the diamond bands play an essential part in determining the metallic nature of the heavily boron-doped diamond superconductor. This supports the diamond band approach and related predictions, including the possibility of achieving dopant-induced superconductivity in silicon and germanium. It should also provide a foundation for the possible development of diamond-based devices.     

Superconductivity at 43 K in SmFeAsO1-xFx

Since the discovery of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity in layered copper oxides, extensive effort has been devoted to exploring the origins of this phenomenon. A T(c) higher than 40 K (about the theoretical maximum predicted from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory), however, has been obtained only in the copper oxide superconductors. The highest reported value for non-copper-oxide bulk superconductivity is T(c) = 39 K in MgB(2) (ref. 2). The layered rare-earth metal oxypnictides LnOFeAs (where Ln is La-Nd, Sm and Gd) are now attracting attention following the discovery of superconductivity at 26 K in the iron-based LaO(1-x)F(x)FeAs (ref. 3). Here we report the discovery of bulk superconductivity in the related compound SmFeAsO(1-x)F(x), which has a ZrCuSiAs-type structure. Resistivity and magnetization measurements reveal a transition temperature as high as 43 K. This provides a new material base for studying the origin of high-temperature superconductivity.