乳头括约肌预切开术在胆管插管困难经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用观察

目的 探讨针状刀及经胰管乳头括约肌预切开两种方式在胆管插管困难内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)中的应用,观察其ERCP成功率及相关并发症情况.方法 对2005年6月～2010年7月行ERCP的2 012例患者进行回顾性分析,将选择性胆管插管困难而行乳头括约肌预切开术的145例患者分为经胰管乳头括约肌预切开法、针状刀乳头括约肌预切开法两组,比较两种预切开方法在胆管插管困难ERCP中插管成功率及并发症的发生情况.结果 行乳头括约肌预切开术者占7.2%(145/2012),预切开术病例ERCP总成功率为92.4%(134/145);其中经胰管预切开组成功率89.9%(80/89),针状刀预切开组96.4%(54/56),并发术后急性胰腺炎前者4.5%(4/89),后者1.8%(1/56),前者无穿孔发生,后者穿孔1例,占1.8%(1/56),均经治疗后康复,无术后出血及操作相关的死亡发生.两种预切开方法对胆管插管困难ERCP成功率的提高及并发症发生率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 两种乳头括约肌预切开术在胆管插管困难ERCP的应用中安全、有效,可以提高成功率;虽然经胰管乳头括约肌预切开法术后胰腺炎发生较针刀法高,但不同预切开方式对提高插管成功率及相关并发症差异无显著性.     

乳头括约肌预切开术在ERCP胆管插管困难时的应用

目的 探讨乳头括约肌预切开术在ERCP胆管插管困难时应用的作用及安全性.方法 41例患者在实施EKCP诊疗操作中,当常规方法 胆管插管困难时,即采用针状刀乳头预切开、经胰管乳头预切开、梨状刀乳头预切开,观察预切开的效果和近期并发症.结果 全组41例行预切开后,选择性胆管插管成功37例.成功率90.2%.术后并发症7例(17.1%),包括出血3例.轻型胰腺炎3例,胆道感粢1例.结论 在ERCP胆管插管困难时采用乳头括约肌预切开术是一种安全有效的方法 .     

针状刀乳头预切开术在ERCP胆管插管困难中的应用及护理配合简

目的：观察采用针状刀实施十二指肠乳头预切开术在内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）胆管插管困难中的应用及护理。方法对经常规或胰管导丝占据法选择性胆管插管仍然困难的ERCP患者，采用针状刀行十二指肠乳头预切开术完成胆管深插管及后续治疗，观察插管的成功率及术后并发症的发生情况。结果15例采用针状刀行乳头预切开术进行胆管深插管，成功14例，失败1例，成功率93．3％，术后发生2例高淀粉酶血症、2例出血，无1例发生急性胰腺炎、穿孔、死亡等并发症。结论经常规或胰管导丝占据法选择性胆管插管仍然困难的E RC P患者，采用针状刀行十二指肠乳头预切开术，可有效提高E RC P诊治的成功率，术前良好的心理护理及检查准备工作充分，术中娴熟的操作配合和监护是保证预切开术行ERCP胆管插管困难治疗成功的关键。     

针状刀乳头预切开术在ERCP胆管插管困难中的应用及护理配合

目的观察采用针状刀实施十二指肠乳头预切开术在内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)胆管插管困难中的应用及护理。方法对经常规或胰管导丝占据法选择性胆管插管仍然困难的ERCP患者,采用针状刀行十二指肠乳头预切开术完成胆管深插管及后续治疗,观察插管的成功率及术后并发症的发生情况。结果 15例采用针状刀行乳头预切开术进行胆管深插管,成功14例,失败1例,成功率93.3%,术后发生2例高淀粉酶血症、2例出血,无1例发生急性胰腺炎、穿孔、死亡等并发症。结论经常规或胰管导丝占据法选择性胆管插管仍然困难的ERCP患者,采用针状刀行十二指肠乳头预切开术,可有效提高ERCP诊治的成功率,术前良好的心理护理及检查准备工作充分,术中娴熟的操作配合和监护是保证预切开术行ERCP胆管插管困难治疗成功的关键。     

Precut技术在胆胰疾病治疗性内镜下逆行 胰胆管造影术中的应用价值

目的探讨治疗性内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)在胆胰系统疾病中的治疗价值。方法对2004年2月~2011年11月的1 328例经内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术ERCP治疗的病例资料进行回顾性分析,对经ERCP治疗中插管困难者运用Precut技术(乳头预切开技术,包括乳头弓形刀乳头括约肌预切开术、经胰管弓形刀乳头括约肌预切开术、针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术或针状刀乳头括约肌开窗术辅助插管及取石),使部分ERCP插管困难的病例均取得成功,评价治疗性ERCP在各种胆胰疾病中的应用价值。结果治疗病例中胆管结石最多,占65.13%,其次为恶性胆道梗阻,占18.56%,乳头良性狭窄占9.35%,急性胆源性胰腺炎占8.45%,急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎占7.25%,医源性胆道损伤占2.52%,慢性胰腺炎占2.11%,胆道蛔虫占0.26%,其他0.16%。并发症发生率3.12%,其中穿孔3例,死亡1例。结论治疗性ERCP对多种胆胰疾病疗效确切,是一种安全有效的胆胰疾病治疗手段,Precut技术是ERCP插管困难病例达到插管成功的有效、安全的办法,可由有经验的消化内镜医生应用于确实有需要进行治疗性ERCP的病例。     

两种方法在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中选择 性胆管插管困难时的对照研究

目的 评价经内镜逆行胰胆管选行（ERCP）插管时选择性胆管插管困难时双导丝法及经胰管乳头括约肌预切开术插管这两种方法的成功率及并发症发生率。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月~2013年1月行ERCP插管时选择性胆管插管困难而导丝进入胰管时行双导丝法52例及经胰管乳头括约肌预切开术插管31例的资料,比较两种方法插管的成功率及并发症发生率。结果 52例双导丝插管组成功45例,成功率86.5%;31例经胰管乳头括约肌预切开插管成功28例,成功率90.3%,两者成功率差异无显著性（χ2=0.262,P >0.05）。双导丝组并发术后胰腺炎1例,感染1例,并发症发生率3.8%;经胰管乳头括约肌预切开组并发胰腺炎2例,出血3例,感染1例,并发症发生率19.4%;两组均无穿孔发生。双导丝组并发症发生率低于经胰管乳头括约肌预切开组（3.8% vs 19.4%,χ2=5.363,P <0.05）。结论 选择性胆总管插管困难而导丝进入胰管时,双导丝法与经胰管乳头括约肌预切开术插管成功率差异无显著性,但双导丝法并发症发生率稍低。     

经内镜针刀括约肌切开术的临床应用

目的：探讨经内镜针刀括约肌切开术在临床中的应用价值。方法；对常规捕管失败的ERCP患者,进行针刀乳头前切开术和针刀开窗术治疗.结果：针刀乳头前切开术29例，针刀开窗术56例中，行ERCP成功81例（95．29％），并发症6例（7．06％），其中乳头部山101．3例（3．53％），胆管炎1例（1．18％），急性水肿性胰腺炎2例（2．44％），均经保守治疗后缓解。本组无穿孔和死亡并发症。结论：经内镜针刀括约肌切开术是一种安全、有效的非捕管乳头括约肌切开的方法．可作为常规ERCP和EST的重要补充手段，提高ERCP诊治的成功率。     

胰管支架植入后针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术在困难内镜下逆行胰胆管造影中的应用

目的探讨胰管支架植入后针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术在困难内镜下逆行胰胆管造影插管中的应用价值。方法 2008年10月～2011年9月在安徽省马鞍山市人民医院消化内镜中心和南京医科大学第二附属医院消化医学中心共199例行针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术患者符合研究条件,分为A、B两组,A组直接采用针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术,共143例患者;B组采用胰管支架植入后针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术,共56例患者。比较两组患者胆管插管成功率及术后并发症发生率。结果 A、B组胆管插管成功率分别为:87.4%(125/143)、96.4%(54/56)。两组患者并发出血比率分别为:10.5%(15/143)、1.8%(1/56);胆管炎发生率分别为:5.6%(8/143)、5.3%(3/56);术后胰腺炎发生率分别为:13.3%(19/143)、3.6%(2/56);两组均无穿孔或死亡病例。组间比较,B组插管成功率明显高于A组(P<0.05),两组患者胆管炎发生率无明显差异(P>0.05),但B组出血及术后胰腺炎发生率低于A组(P<0.05)。结论胰管支架植入后针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术可以提高困难ERCP的胆管插管成功率、降低针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术的并发症发生率。     

两种插管技术在ERCP胆管插管困难患者中的应用

目的:比较双导丝插管术及经胰管乳头括约肌预切开术在内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)胆管插管困难中的应用效果。方法:选择2013年6月~2015年6月我院ERCP胆管插管困难而导丝进入胰管时行双导丝法42例(双导丝组)及经胰管乳头括约肌预切开术插管40例(预切开组)患者的临床资料,比较两种方法插管的成功率及并发症发生率。结果:双导丝组42例成功34例,成功率80.95%;经胰管乳头括约肌切开组40例成功36例,成功率90.00%。双导丝组出现术后胆管炎1例,无出血病例;经胰管乳头括约肌预切开组出现术后轻型胰腺炎2例,出血2例。两组均无重症胰腺炎或穿孔等严重并发症出现。结论:双导丝插管术及经胰管乳头括约肌预切开术应用于ERCP胆管插管困难时,插管成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但双导丝法并发症发生率略低。     

Precut技术对高龄乳头嵌顿性胆结石患者的疗效及安全性研究

目的探讨Precut技术对高龄乳头嵌顿性胆结石患者的治疗效果及安全性的研究。方法总结回顾分析2007年1月至2009年12月38例高龄患者ERCP术后确诊乳头嵌顿性胆总管结石的患者,对经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）治疗中插管困难者运用Precut技术辅助插管及取石,行乳头括约肌切开后,结石常能自行脱出。结果38例高龄ERCP插管困难患者,行Precut技术取石成功率100％,无死亡病例,其中弓形刀切开8例,针状刀切开10例,两刀联合切开20例。结论治疗性ERCP是乳头嵌顿性胆结石患者一种安全有效的治疗手段,尤其对高龄无法耐受外科手术的患者,这类患者常伴插管及取石困难,Precut技术无疑是取石成功的关键。     

Outcome of access sphincterotomy using a needle knife converted from a standard biliary sphincterotome

Cannulation fails in up to 10 % of all endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs). A standard sphincterotome can be converted to a needle knife to perform precut sphincterotomy (PCS). In this retrospective study, we analyzed cannulation rates, adverse events, and the percentage of patients requiring a second sphincterotome using a converted needle knife. Over a 7-year period, 3322 ERCPs were performed by one experienced therapeutic endoscopist; 1487 sphincterotomies were performed, 78 precut sphincterotomies using a converted needle knife. Successful cannulation using the converted needle knife was achieved in 96 % of cases at the initial procedure. Adverse events occurred in 17 % and post-ERCP pancreatitis was reported in 10 % of patients. A second sphincterotome was needed in 13 % of cases. This study shows a converted needle knife can be used for successful cannulation of either the biliary or the pancreatic duct after a failed cannulation with a standard sphincterotome, with a low percentage of adverse events anda reduction in the need for accessories.     

针形刀预切开术在老年患者胆道远端恶性狭窄支架置入中的应用

目的 研究针形刀预切开术在老年胆管远端恶性狭窄患者中行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)支架置入的应用效果.方法 选取常州市第一人民医院2018年1月-2021年1月47例明确诊断为胆管远端恶性狭窄且常规插管失败而行针形刀预切开术的老年患者(年龄>70岁).其中,男29例,女18例;年龄71～93岁,平均81.04岁;十...     

Comparison of standard and steerable catheters for bile duct cannulation in ERCP

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The aim of the study was to compare two steerable endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) catheters with regard to speed and safety in cannulating the common bile duct. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A standard cannula, a short-nosed sphincterotome, and a bendable catheter were used. At two tertiary centres, a total of 312 patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with one of three catheters and either by a trainee or an expert endoscopist. When cannulation failed, a further attempt was made with a different catheter. If this failed, a change in operator or other manoeuvres followed. The following were assessed: time to cholangiography and deep cannulation, number of attempts and success rates of cannulation, number of pancreatic duct injections, success of catheter cross-over, and complication rates. RESULTS: Both steerable catheters were significantly better for the initial cholangiogram than the standard catheter (standard catheter 75 %, bendable catheter 84 %, sphincterotome 88 %; P = 0.038), with no significant differences between the bendable catheter and the sphincterotome. Both were also better for deep cannulation of the bile duct (standard cannula 66 %, bendable catheter 69 %, sphincterotome 78 %; P = 0.15). When the standard catheter failed, a steerable catheter succeeded in 26 % of cases. Trainees experienced greater benefit from using steerable catheters. For experts, the bendable catheter was the quickest to achieve cholangiography and deep cannulation. Further manoeuvres had an 85-90 % success rate in allowing biliary access. Twenty of 23 needle-knife papillotomies (87 %) were successful when other methods had failed. The overall ERCP success rate was 97 %. Pancreatitis occurred in 5.3 % of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Steerable catheters allow faster access and can succeed when a standard catheter fails. If cannulation is difficult, changing the catheter should be considered at an early stage. Needle-knife papillotomy is a successful technique in expert hands.     

Primary precutting versus conventional over-the-wire sphincterotomy for bile duct access: a prospective randomized study

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Precut is a well-known technique that is used if repeated attempts at common bile duct (CBD) cannulation fail. Opinions on the complication rate of precut are conflicting, however. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and complication rate of precut used as a primary method of CBD access with the efficacy and safety of the conventional technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During the 19-month study period, consecutive patients who were scheduled for first-time endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for a variety of biliary disorders were randomized into two groups: patients in group A underwent conventional wire-guided biliary cannulation followed by ES (with precut being performed only when this failed); in patients in group B precut was used as a primary technique to gain biliary access, followed by wire-guided ES. We used a specially designed, modified Erlangen type of sphincterotome for precutting. RESULTS: A total of 291 patients (100 men, 191 women; mean +/- SD age 65 +/- 17.5 years) were recruited: 146 patients were assigned to group A (conventional approach) and 145 to group B (primary precut approach). The indications for ES were comparable in the two groups. In group A, wire-guided cannulation of the CBD failed in 42 patients. Secondary precut was successful in 41 of these patients, leading to an overall success rate of 99.3 %. In group B, the ES success rate using primary precut was 100 % at the first attempt. The mean time to successful deep CBD cannulation was 8.3 +/- 2.1 minutes in group A and 6.9 +/- 1.8 minutes in group B ( P < 0.001). The incidence of mild to moderate pancreatitis was similar in the two groups (2.9 % in group A vs. 2.1 % in group B, P > 0.05). Mild bleeding occurred in only one patient (from group A) and this was controlled by epinephrine injection. None of the study patients developed severe pancreatitis or perforation. CONCLUSIONS: In experienced hands, an approach using primary precut appears to be at least as successful and safe as a conventional approach using guide-wire-based CBD cannulation followed by ES, and might also be a quicker method.     

圈套器辅助预切开技术在困难插管内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用

目的 探讨一种新的辅助胆管插管技术在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）困难插管中的有效性和安全性。方法 在ERCP诊疗过程中，对困难插管的23例病例采用圈套器辅助预切开技术进行胆管插管。观察插管时间、插管成功率、术中术后并发症等指标。结果 22例插管成功。术中出血1例，观察后自行停止，无胰腺炎和穿孔发生，无操作相关死亡病例。结论 圈套器辅助预切开能充分暴露胆总管，层次更加清楚，操作方法简单，可以作为解决困难插管的一个备选方案。     

导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管策略在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用

目的 探讨导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管策略应用于内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）中的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析该院63例导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管患者的临床资料。依次采用双导丝法、胰管预切开法和胰管支架法选择性胆管插管,根据不同胆管插管方法分为双导丝组、胰管预切开组和胰管支架组。分析各组的插管成功率、插管时间及ERCP术后并发症之间的差异。结果 3组总体插管成功率为96.8%。双导丝组、胰管预切开组及胰管支架组的插管时间分别为（70.7±28.6）、（116.6±43.2）和（129.1±88.2）s,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症总体发生率为39.3%,胰管预切开组明显高于其他两组（P < 0.05）。ERCP术后胰腺炎（PEP）总发生率为21.3%,胰管预切开组明显高于其他两组（P < 0.05）。ERCP出血发生率为6.6%。未发生重症胰腺炎和十二指肠穿孔病例。结论 导丝进入胰管后依次采用双导丝法、胰管预切开法和胰管支架法选择性胆管插管,上述方法插管成功率高,手术安全可行。     

经胰管胆胰管隔膜切开术及双导丝术在困难性插管ERCP中的应用及安全性分析

目的探讨经胰管胆胰管隔膜切开术及双导丝术在困难性插管内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)中的应用及安全性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2014年1月行ERCP插管时选择性胆管插管困难患者158例,根据插管方法分为经胰管胆胰管隔膜切开法(A组)、双导丝法(B组)和单导丝法(C组)3组。比较三种方法插管的成功率及并发症发生率。结果 58例A组患者插管成功54例,成功率93.1%,56例B组患者插管成功50例,成功率89.3%,44例C组患者插管成功26例,成功率59.1%,A和B组成功率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A与C组,B与C组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组并发胰腺炎4例,出血6例,感染2例,并发症发生率20.7%;B组并发术后胰腺炎5例,感染4例,并发症发生率16.1%;C组并发胰腺炎7例,出血2例,感染4例,并发症发生率29.5%,3组均无穿孔发生。B组并发症发生率略低于A组,但无明显差异(P0.05),A与C组,B与C组并发症发生率均差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论选择性胆管插管困难而导丝进入胰管时,继续常规单导丝插管成功率低且并发症发生率较高,经胰管乳头括约肌预切开术与双导丝法均可有效提高插管成功率,且并发症发生率均相对较低,两者之间无明显差异。     

Prospective randomized pilot trial of selective biliary cannulation using pancreatic guide-wire placement

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In difficult cases of selective bile duct cannulation, several expanded techniques are available which have only been partially evaluated in randomized studies. This study describes a prospective, randomized trial investigating a further technique for obtaining selective biliary access--pancreatic duct wire placement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a six-month study period, 107 consecutive patients required deep selective biliary cannulation. Accessing the bile duct using a catheter failed within 10 min in 53 of the patients, who were randomly assigned to either pre-insertion of a guide wire into the pancreatic duct or persistence with a conventional catheter. The success rate and complication rate were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: In the pancreatic duct-guide wire group (n=27), the success rate was significantly greater than in the conventional group (93% vs 58%). No pancreatitis complications occurred within either group. CONCLUSIONS: Inserting a guide wire into the pancreatic duct to facilitate deep selective bile duct cannulation is better than persisting with a conventional catheter. Further studies will be needed to confirm these results and to compare this method with other sophisticated techniques for obtaining selective access to the bile duct.     

ERCP引发急性胰腺炎的高危因素探讨

目的　探讨与ERCP(内镜下逆行胰胆管造影 )引发急性胰腺炎有关的高危因素。方法　对该院2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月行ERCP检查或治疗的 380例患者进行回顾性分析 ,用单变量分析相关的危险因素。结果　 17例于ERCP后发生急性胰腺炎 ( 4 .4 % ) ,380例中 2 80例为治疗性 ,15例并发急性胰腺炎( 4 .8% ) ,10 0例为诊断性 ,2例并发急性胰腺炎 ( 2 .0 % ) ,与ERCP引发急性胰腺炎相关的主要因素有 :内镜下括约肌切开 (EST) ,针状刀预切开乳头 ,多次乳头插管 ,胰管深插 ,多次胰管造影 ,导引钢丝辅助插管 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高危人群为奥狄氏括约肌功能障碍者 ,有胰腺炎病史者。结论　治疗性ERCP较诊断性ERCP易并发急性胰腺炎 ,急性胰腺炎的发生主要与技术操作有关 ,娴熟的内镜技术 ,严格掌握指征可降低发生率。