经皮穿刺椎体成形术综合治疗老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折20例报告

目的探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）联合药物及康复训练法治疗老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法20例62～74岁骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者接受PVP术后,给予鲑鱼降钙素、活性维生素D_3、阿伦膦酸钠等药物治疗,同时指导病人进行腰背肌力量练习和户外的功能锻炼。结果根据日常生活能力5级分类法。治疗前：4级8例,5级12例;治疗后3个月：1级6例,2级11例,3级3例。无因手术或长期卧床而引起的并发症。结论PVP联合药物及康复训练是老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的有效治疗方法,可减少病人因长期卧床所带来的并发症,提高病人的生活质量。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（osteoportic vertebral compression fractures OVCF）是老年人脊柱骨折的常见疾患,传统的治疗方法是保守治疗和卧床休息。但长期卧床易导致骨质疏松性程度加重及并发症出现,手术治疗因骨质疏松原因复位固定效果较差．易出现手术并发症。应用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折。不仅具有快速止痛和稳定脊柱的作用,还可恢复椎体高度,矫正后凸畸形。笔者应用经皮     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法应用椎体成形术治疗8例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者15个椎。结果术后1—3d所有患者疼痛消失或明显减轻，2～3d后下床活动。随访8～12个月，所有患者疼痛无反复，无严重并发症发生。X线片显示椎体高度无进一步丢失。结论椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗方法。     

小剂量骨水泥PVP联合药物治疗骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨小剂量骨水泥PVP联合药物治疗骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性研究采用小剂量骨水泥PVP联合药物治疗26例骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折.记录术前、术后VAS评分,并术后12个月复查BMD,观察疗效及骨密度的改善情况.结果 采用配对t检验对术前、术后VAS评分及BMD值进行统计学分析,均有统计学意义.结论 小剂量PVP联合药物治疗骨质疏松伴椎体压缩性骨折能有效的缓解疼痛症状,可提高骨密度,减少并发症的发生.     

椎体成形术联合椎板减压治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折并脊髓压迫

目的 探讨应用椎体成形术联合椎板减压治疗高龄骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折并脊髓压迫的方法及治疗效果.方法 应用椎体成形术稳定骨折椎体,通过椎板减压解除脊髓压迫治疗6例骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折.新鲜骨折同期进行手术,但是先做椎板减压后做椎体成形,受伤4周以上的患者先做椎体成形,1周再进行椎板减压.结果 患者术后疼痛均立即缓解,缓解率100%.1例肌力Ⅱ级患者肌力恢复到Ⅲ级,其余肌力全部恢复正常,能够正常行走.结论 椎体成形术联合椎板减压治疗高龄骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折并脊髓压迫,创伤小、并发症少、治疗费用低、治疗效果满意,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的护理

目的探讨PVP及PKP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的护理。方法 16例患者在＂C＂型臂X线机透视下接受PVP/PKP术。术前、术后加强护理,严密观察并发症的发生并指导患者的康复训练。结果 16例患者术后效果满意,无一例发生并发症。结论 PVP/PKP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折具有创伤小、疗效显著、易于操作等特点。围术期有针对性地进行术前、术后观察及给予相应的护理干预是减少并发症发生的有效措施。     

PKP联合抗骨质疏松药物治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的回顾性研究

目的探究经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)联合抗骨质疏松药物对于骨质疏松性老年患者椎体压缩性骨折的长期临床疗效。方法将128例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者按照坚持服用药物时间长短不同分为A组(小于1年),B组(1-3年),C组(大于3年),比较三组患者治疗前与治疗后6个月、12个月、24个月及36个月的VSA评分、ODI指数、Cobb角变化、椎体丢失高度、骨密度及再发骨折例数。结果各组患者治疗前各项指标无明显差异,治疗后三组各项指标有不同程度改善。C组的各项指标改善程度优于其他两组,B组的改善程度优于A组。结论 PKP是有效的治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的治疗手段,长期联合抗骨质疏松药物治疗可显著改善全身骨痛情况,增加骨密度,减少再骨折发生率。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebrop lasty,PVP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法 24例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者共29个椎体,均行PVP术,在C臂监视下应用骨穿针经皮穿刺到病变椎体,将骨水泥注入其内。结果 24例手术均获得成功,无严重并发症发生,术后24 h内局部疼痛显著减轻或消失22例,有效率91.7%。随访8～12个月,所有患者无疼痛加重或复发,X线片显示椎体高度无进一步丢失。结论 PVP能增加椎体强度,有效缓解疼痛,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的一种安全、微创、有效的方法。     

手法复位联合经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的效果

目的分析手法复位联合经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法将64例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者随机分为2组,每组32例。对照组行PVP,观察组应用手法复位联合PVP。比较2组的疗效。结果观察组治疗后3个月的VAS评分、ODI指数、椎体前缘压缩率(CR%)、Cobb's角等指标,均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手法复位联合PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,可增强患者的椎体强度、稳定性和疼痛症状的改善,有利于提高患者的生活质量。     

经皮椎体Pillar治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段椎体骨折

目的探讨Pillar(椎体支柱块)治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段压缩性椎体骨折的疗效。方法单纯应用Pillar治疗11例骨质疏松性胸腰段压缩性椎体骨折。结果本组随访8~10个月,骨折均愈合,椎体高度无明显再丢失,无继发神经损伤。结论应用Pillar治疗11例骨质疏松性胸腰段压缩性椎体骨折操作简单、方便、安全(尤其系椎体后壁破坏严重、过敏体质患者),稳定性好,卧床时间短,生物相容性好,是治疗骨质疏松性胸腰段椎体骨折的好方法。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。方法自2004年1月至2004年9月采用经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者21例,与同期保守治疗的19例患者进行对比研究。结果经皮椎体成形术组与保守治疗组相比,住院时间明显缩短,患者症状缓解较早,早期可开始下床活动(P<0.01),所有病例伤椎前缘高度恢复明显,经统计学分析差异有显著性(P<0.05),而后凸Cobb角矫正不明显,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),随访6~12个月(平均8个月)后未见明显伤椎高度丢失。结论经皮椎体成形术是一种简单、微创、安全有效的治疗方法,但要掌握其应用的适应证。     

闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗Sanders Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折

目的 评价闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗Sanders Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折的临床疗效.方法 2008年1月至2011年9月采用闭合复位经皮空心螺钉治疗跟骨骨折患者25 例28足.其中男19 例,女6 例;年龄20～65 岁,平均37.8 岁.术前均行跟骨轴位、侧位X线检查,并进行CT平扫加重建.根据Sanders分型,Ⅱ型19足,Ⅲ型9足.术后根据美国足踝外科学会踝-后足评分标准评定功能情况.结果 术后25 例均获得8～18个月随访,平均11.2个月,术后伤口感染3足,2足浅表感染,1足深部感染,所有跟骨后关节面和跟骨长度、宽度、高度均恢复满意,无内固定物并发症发生.骨折于术后9～16周愈合,平均10.6周.随访期间后关节面均无塌陷发生,X线片示Bhler角和Gissane角、跟骨外形基本恢复正常.按照美国踝足外科学会踝-后足评分标准进行评价,优16足（57.14%）,良9足（32.14%）,差3足（10.71%）,平均88.7分,优良率89.29%.3足术后发生创伤性关节炎.结论 闭合复位经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗Sanders Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折具有操作简单、创伤微小、固定牢靠、并发症少、术后恢复快、疗效佳等优点,也适合治疗软组织挫伤严重、切开复位内固定禁忌的跟骨骨折患者.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗颈椎转移性肿瘤的临床观察

目的总结前外侧入路经皮椎体成形术治疗颈椎转移性肿瘤的手术经验,评价疗效。方法对5例患者9个颈椎转移性肿瘤病变椎体行PVP术,其中C22个,C32个,C41个,C51个,C62个,C71个。5例患者全部在X线透视监测下经前外侧入路操作。于手术前后行CT或MRI检查对照,评估临床疗效,总结手术经验。结果 5例患者9个椎体穿刺全部成功,术后复查X线、CT及MRI均显示病灶大部分被骨水泥填充。术后7d内5例患者的疼痛均有不同程度缓解。未发生由于穿刺出血或骨水泥外漏出现临床症状的并发症。结论前外侧入路经皮椎体成形术治疗颈椎转移性瘤效果良好,安全可行。     

釆用微创椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 观察胸腰椎爆裂骨折采用微创椎体成形术治疗的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾分析12例胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折采用微创椎体成形术治疗,其中4例为单纯的椎体成形术(PVP),8例为后凸椎体成形术(PKP).根据疼痛视觉模拟评分VAS评分法评估疼痛缓解的疗效,根据骨水泥进入椎管的比率及神经并发症评估安全性.结果 术后VAS 评分同术前相比都有明显下降(P＜0.05),PVP组有2例骨水泥渗漏,PKP组有1例骨水泥渗漏以及1例术后心梗,但均无神经系统并发症.结论 椎体成形术及椎体后凸成形术都能有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的疼痛,但有一定的骨水泥渗漏危险.微创椎体成形术可能为胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗提供了一个新的选择.     

Vertebral Fragility Fractures (VFF)—Who,when and how to operate

Vertebral Fragility Fractures (VFF) are common and lead to pain, long term disability and increased mortality. Most patients will have mild to moderate pain symptoms and can be managed conservatively. However, patients with severe pain who have minimal or no pain relief with potent analgesia, or who only achieve adequate pain relief with high doses of morphine based analgesia which results in significant adverse events, should be considered for vertebral augmentation. Ideally, for vertebral augmentation, patients should present within four months of the fracture (onset of acute pain) and have at least 3 weeks of failure of conservative treatment although early intervention may be more appropriate for hospitalised patients, who tend to be older, more frail and likely to be less tolerant to the adverse effects of conservative treatment.The Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) recommends Percutaneous Vertebroplasty as the first line surgical augmentation technique for VFF in older people, which has been shown to improve pain symptoms, allow early restoration of functional mobility and may reduce the risk of further vertebral collapse. CIRSE recommends percutaneous Balloon Kyphoplasty as second line treatment in VFF, although the optimal indication is for acute traumatic vertebral fractures (less than 7–10 days) in younger people. Assessment and treatment of underlying osteoporosis is important to reduce the risk of further fractures in older people with VFF.     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折

目的 研究经皮穿刺椎体成形术在治疗疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折中的效用。方法 2年内15例有1－6个月背部、腰部疼痛伴行动障碍需止痛药治疗患（男5人、女10人），年龄58－81岁，经临床、CT及MRI评价为骨质疏松椎体压缩且近期有进展，在CT引导下完成经皮穿刺椎体成形术22例次。治疗效果采用Huskisson止痛视觉评分法评估。结果 13例患（86．7％）在24h内疼痛缓解，12例停用止痛药，余下的2例有轻微疼痛好转（13．3％）。1例患3个月后由于相邻椎体出现新的压缩而疼痛复发，二次治疗好转。结论 经皮穿刺椎体成形术用于骨质疏松椎体压缩是一种微创操作，可以立即缓解疼痛并使患很快恢复运动，是一种有价值的治疗骨质疏松压缩骨折的方法。     

The Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry: Vertebral Fracture Assessment

Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a low-cost method of accurately identifying individuals who have clinically unrecognized or undocumented vertebral fractures at the time of bone density test. Because prevalent vertebral fractures predict subsequent fractures independent of bone mineral density and other clinical risk factors, their recognition is an important part of strategies to identify those who are at high risk of fracture, so that prevention therapies for those individuals can be implemented. The 2007 Position Development Conference developed detailed guidelines regarding the indications for acquisition of, and interpretation and reporting of densitometric VFA tests. The purpose of the 2013 VFA Task Force was to simplify the indications for VFA yet keep them evidence based. The Task Force reviewed the literature published since the 2007 Position Development Conference and developed prediction models based on 2 large cohort studies (the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study) and the densitometry database of the University of Chicago. Based on these prediction models, indications for VFA were reduced to a simplified set of criteria based on age, historical height loss, use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy, and self-reported but undocumented prior vertebral fracture.     

Long-term pain relief effects in four patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty for metastatic vertebral tumor

We reviewed long-term pain relief in four patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for lumbar or back pain due to metastatic vertebral tumors. The patients received anesthesiological palliative care with analgesics until their death after PVP. Pain intensity, the presence or absence of recurrence of pain, changes in dosage of analgesics given before and after PVP, and complications associated with PVP were evaluated. A numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable) was used to measure pain. The patients were three men and one woman (mean age, 58 years). PVP was performed in five vertebrae (one thoracic and four lumbar). The NRS scores on moving before PVP were 10, 8, 10, and 10. After PVP, NRS decreased to 0, 3, 5, and 0, respectively, within 72 h. No recurrence of pain in the treated area occurred until death in any of these patients. The dosages of analgesics given were decreased in two cases, but no changes were made in the other two cases. There were no complications associated with PVP. Percutaneous vertebro-plasty is a safe and effective treatment for long-time pain relief in patients with metastatic vertebral tumors.     

Ostéoporose fracturaire révélatrice du syndrome de Cushing. Deux observations. Revue de la littérature

Osteoporotic fractures at presentation of Cushing's disease. Two case reports and a literature review. Osteoporosis is a common complication of Cushing's disease/syndrome. Fractures can be the presenting manifestation. We report two cases and review 28 others from the literature. Clinical, laboratory, and absorptiometry data are reviewed; the vertebras and ribs were the most common fracture sites, and osteoporosis reversal after treatment varied with age, gender, and symptom duration. The pathophysiology, which remains controversial, is discussed. A search for Cushing's disease/syndrome should be part of the routine evaluation of osteoporosis in children and adults, particularly men.     

经CT、C臂引导下PVP治疗老年胸腰椎压缩性骨折的经验

【摘要】〓目的〓观察经CT引导下及经C臂X线引导下行PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的应用操作及临床疗效。方法〓回顾性分析我院从2008年6月至2013年10月共28例老年性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折患者,共涉及34个椎体,应用PVP治疗。其中CT引导组11例共13个压缩椎体,经CT导引下完成PVP操作;C臂X线引导组17例共21个压缩椎体,经C臂X线引导下完成PVP操作。根据手术时间、穿刺成功率观察临床操作情况,术前、术后疼痛按WHO标准进行比较、行CT、DR检查观察骨水泥分布、渗漏情况进行临床疗效评价。结果〓所有患者疼痛按WHO标准进行比较均得到明显缓解,均获得良好的骨水泥分布,无并发感染,无并发神经压迫症状、体征。经CT引导下手术时间35~60 min,穿刺成功率高;1例患者出现椎前骨水泥渗漏。C臂X线引导下手术时间45~130 min,部分患者需反复多次穿刺,操作困难,1例患者出现椎旁间隙骨水泥渗漏,1例出现椎间隙渗漏。结论〓经CT引导下及经C臂X线引导下两种方法PVP治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折均能获得良好的骨水泥分布及疼痛的有效缓解。两种方法各具优点,需临床根据术者穿刺技术熟练程度及经验选择;胸椎压缩骨折、特别是上胸椎压缩骨折、椎体压缩塌陷程度较重、胸腰椎侧弯椎体旋转、骨质疏松严重、X线显示骨质图像模糊难以良好辨认脊柱各结构者选用经CT引导下手术。