肝癌非高发区安徽省肝细胞癌p53基因249密码子点突变的研究

目的：研究ｐ５３基因２４９密码子在肝癌非高发区安徽省的点突变的发生率。方法：应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ技术肝细胞癌ｐ５３基因２４９密码子突变的频率。结果：所检测的３８例肝细胞癌均无出现ｐ５３基因第七外显子纯合性缺失,４例有ｐ５３基因２４９密码子的点突变,且均为杂合型突变,突变率为１０．５％（４／３８）。结论：本资料说明,在肝细胞癌非高发区中,肝细胞癌中ｐ５３基因第七外显子发生的点突变并非为高发事件。提示     

肝细胞癌p53基因突变及其临床意义

抑癌基因p53具有广谱抑癌作用，该基因失活是细胞发生癌变的重要因素。p53基因失活的机制是多种的，其中突变是其失活的主要原因之一〔1〕。第7外显子是p53基因突变的热点区之一，在黄曲霉毒素高污染区的肝癌存在该外显子第249位密码子特异突变〔2〕。本实验应用PCR－SSCP同位素技术和PCR直接序列分析对我国重庆地区肝细胞癌p53基因第7外显子突变进行检测，并探讨其临床意义。1材料和方法1．1临床资料28例肝细胞癌均为我院肝胆外科住院病人并长期居住本地，男24例，女4例，年龄21～73岁，平均48岁。有肝炎、肝硬化史24例，长期饮酒史5例…     

非放射性PCR-LIS-SSCP技术快速分析肝癌患者p53基因249位密码子的突变

目的应用非放射性PCR-LIS-SSCP方法快速分析肝癌患者p53基因第249位密码子突变.方法采用PCR-LIS-SSCP方法,研究了16例来自中国广西、江苏启东和上海地区肝癌患者p53基因第249位密码子的突变情况,并用限制性内切酶和DNA测序对PCR-LIS-SSCP方法所获得的结果进行了验证.结果从16例肝癌病人中检出3例在该位点具有突变.其中广西地区的4例肝癌病人有1例发生突变,江苏启东地区的4例肝癌病人有1例发生突变,上海地区的8例肝癌病人有1例发生突变. 结论用该方法检测肝癌病人p53基因第249位密码子突变频率为18.8%(3/16),为该方法应用于候选新基因的未知突变研究奠定了基础.     

启东肝癌高发区肝癌患者血清中p53突变研究

目的：研究启东地区肝癌患者血清中p53基因突变，并确定其对肝癌诊断的意义。方法：收集25例肝癌，20例肝硬化，30例健康对照者的血标本，提取DNA，应用限制性酶切及直接序列分析方法测定p53基因第七外显子突变。结果：显示p53基因第七外显子的249密码子产生突变，ARC变为SER，肝癌，肝硬化，健康者中发生率分别为44％（11／25），20％（4／20），7％（2／30）（P＜0．01），结论：启东地区肝癌患者血清中p53突变与肝癌发生密切相关，其可作为新的肝癌早期诊断标志。     

广西黄曲霉毒素高危区肝癌p53基因序列改变

目的　检测广西肝细胞癌 p53基因的序列改变。方法　 4 0例肝细胞性肝癌 ( HCC)分两组 :一组 2 6例 ,来自广西扶绥地区已知 HCC、黄曲霉毒素 ( AFB1)和乙型肝炎病毒 ( HBV)高危区 ;对照组 14例 ,来自广西玉林地区 ,该地 HCC和 HBV高危 ,但 AFB1可能低 ,因居民以低 AFB1的大米为主食。第七外显子直接测序。 p53蛋白和 HBs Ag免疫染色。结果　扶绥组 16/ 2 6例 ,占 61.5% ,2 4 9密码子第三号位 G→ T颠换 ,形成公认的突变热点。玉林组仅在贵港地区 p53突变集中在热点 ,为 3/ 5例 ,其他地区第七外显子突变点则分散在不同位点。全组 38/ 4 0例 HBs Ag( ) ,占 95%。结论　除启东和南部非洲外 ,世界上第三个 AFB1高危区肝癌 p53基因出现特异突变位点。已知肝癌 p53基因突变发生在这热点则提示该地 AFB1高污染。 HBV常伴随这些基因改变。     

肝硬化及肝癌p53基因突变的实验研究

目的：研究肝硬化及肝癌p53基因的突变情况。方法：选择80例肝硬化、肝癌标本,分别以PCR－SSCP法,双链DNA序列测定法研究其p53基因外显子的突变情况及突变位点。结果：62例肝癌标本p53总突变率为19．4％,其中,早、中、晚期突变率分别为10．5％、15．0％、35．0％;18例肝硬化标本p53总突变率为5．6％;第7外显子的突变发生在249位密码子第3号碱基上,为G：C→T：A的转换突变。结论：p53基因突变发生在肝细胞发生形态学改变之初,随着肝癌的进展逐渐积累,突变率呈上升趋势,故p53基因突变很可能是启动癌变过程的重要因素之一。     

西南地区原发性肝癌抗癌基因P53点突变的研究

 本文采用PCR－RFLP技术对西南地区原发性肝细胞癌P⁵³基因第248和249位密码子点突变进行了研究。约17．4%的肝癌存在第249位密码子点突变。没有发现248位密码突变。本研究结果提示癌基因P⁵³点突变在该地区肝癌发病中起有一定作用；西南地区肝癌的发生可能有AFB1的参与。     

肝细胞癌p53和Rb基因改变的分析

目的 研究肝细胞癌p53和Rb基因的突变特点和规律。探讨2种抗癌基因在肝癌发生过程中的作用及其与细胞学和预后的关系。方法 应用PCR－SSCP和PCR－RFLP法检测65例肝癌p53基因第5－8外显子和Rb基因17和21外显子的突变率。结果 肝癌p53基因突变率为50．8％,以缺失为主;Rb基因的突变率为38．5％;p53和Rb基因同时突变率为12．3％。结论 肝细胞癌中既有p53基因突变也存在Rb基因突变,两者在肝癌的发生中均有重要作用。p53和Rb基因同时突变与肝癌组织学分级密切相关。     

肝硬化及肝癌p53基因突变的实验研究

目的 :研究肝硬化及肝癌p53基因的突变情况。方法 :选择 80例肝硬化、肝癌标本 ,分别以PCR SSCP法 ,双链DNA序列测定法研究其p53基因外显子的突变情况及突变位点。结果 :62例肝癌标本p53总突变率为 19 4 % ,其中 ,早、中、晚期突变率分别为 10 5%、15 0 %、35 0 % ;18例肝硬化标本p53总突变率为 5 6% ;第 7外显子的突变发生在 2 4 9位密码子第 3号碱基上 ,为G :C→T :A的颠换突变 ;第 8外显子的突变发生在 2 73位密码子第 1号碱基上 ,为C :G→T :A的转换突变。结论 :p53基因突变发生在肝细胞发生形态学改变之初 ,随着肝癌的进展逐渐积累 ,突变率呈上升趋势 ,故p53基因突变很可能是启动癌变过程的重要因素之一。     

肝细胞癌中mdm2基因表达与p53基因失活有关

mdm2基因与p53基因间存在相互调节网络,可望成为基因治疗的靶基因,本文应用反转录PCR反应、PCR联合限制性内切酶反应方法,研究了42例癌组织和25例癌周肝组织中mdm2基因表达与p53基因第七外显子第249密码子突变的相互关系.结果提示mdm2基因表达值(均数±标准误)在p53基因未突变肝癌组(62.1%±8.4%)高于p53基因突变肝癌组(38.5±4.8%,P<0.5),也高于癌周肝组织(p53基因无突变)(26.2%±5.1%,P<0.01),而在p53基因突变组(38.5±4.8%)与癌周肝(26.2%±5.1%,P>0.05)间无明显差别.病灶多发肝癌与病灶单发肝癌相比,mdm2基因表达值(均数±标准误)在病灶多发组(68.9%±10.1%)明显高于病灶单发组(42.6±4.2%,<0.05),而p53基因第249密码子突变率则明显差别(40%对44%,P<0.05).     

外泌体在肿瘤发展中的研究进展

外泌体是细胞经过"内吞-融合-外排"等一系列调控过程而形成的细胞外纳米级小囊泡。外泌体可以携带蛋白,运送RNA,在细胞间物质和信息转导中起重要作用。外泌体可能通过调控免疫功能,促进肿瘤血管新生和肿瘤转移,以及直接作用于肿瘤细胞等途径,影响肿瘤的进展。外泌体可应用于肿瘤的诊断。本文总结了近年来有关外泌体在肿瘤发展中作用的研究进展。     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean − 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 μg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 μg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35 ± 0.04 to 0.14 ± 0.02 mm²/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2 ± 1.8 mm² as compared with 41.8 ± 4.2 mm² in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7 ± 0.1 mm as compared with 1.5 ± 0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19 ± 0.02 in controls to 0.03 ± 0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31 ± 0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07 ± 0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29 ± 0.03 to 0.05 ± 0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Received: 9 January 1998 / Accepted: 29 June 1998     

Evaluation of the antitumoral effect of dihydrocucurbitacin-B in both in vitro and in vivo models

Aims  We evaluated both in vitro and in vivo antitumoral properties of an isolated compound from Wilbrandia ebracteata, dihydrocucurbitacin-B (DHCB), using B16F10 cells (murine melanoma). Materials and methods  We made use of MTT and ³H-Thymidine assays to investigate the cell viability and cell proliferation, flow cytometry analysis to monitor cell cycle and apoptosis, western blot analysis to evaluate the expression of cell cycle proteins, imunofluorescence analysis and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Results  Dihydrocucurbitacin-B significantly reduced cell proliferation without important effects on cells viability. DHCB lead cells to accumulate in G2/M phases accompanied by the appearance of polyploid cells, confirmed by fluorescence assays that demonstrated a remarkable alteration in the cell cytoskeleton and formation of binuclear cells. Annexin-V-FITC incorporation demonstrated that DHCB did not induce apoptosis. About 10 μg/mL DHCB was found to decrease cyclin-A, and especially in cyclin-B1. The in vivo experiments showed that DHCB treatment (once a day up to 12 days; p.o.) was able to reduce the tumor growth and lung metastasis up to 83.5 and 50.3%, respectively. Conclusions  Dihydrocucurbitacin-B reduces cell proliferation due to a decrease in the expression of cyclins, mainly cyclin-B1 and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, arresting B16F10 cells in G2/M phase. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that DHCB was effective against cancer, however, it remains to be proved if DHCB will be a good candidate for drug development.     

胶质瘤中微RNA研究进展

微RNA(microRNA,miR)可在转录后水平负调控靶基因表达,miR异常表达与肿瘤生成密切相关.对胶质瘤中多个miR异常表达及其机制的研究将对进一步探讨胶质瘤的分子病理及其诊治开拓新途径.     

重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

重组人血管内皮抑制素(恩度)是一种广谱的抗血管生成分子靶向药物,主要循证证据为联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC).近年来,重组人血管内皮抑制素用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤的研究逐渐增多,并取得了较好的疗效.此外,有关重组人血管内皮抑制素联合治疗手段、给药途径、给药方法的研究逐渐开展,有利于其合理应用.     

Effect of trauma of implantation of metastatic tumor in bone in mice

We studied the influence of surgical trauma to the iliac bone on the implantation of I. V. injected tumor cells, which formed tumor in the surgical wounds of 27/84 mice (32%). None of these mice or nonsurgical mice developed tumor in the opposite or uninjured pelvic bone (P < 0.0001). When different numbers (10⁵, 5 × 10⁵, and 10 × 10⁵) of TA3Ha cells were injected I. V. immediately after surgery, the frequency of tumor formation showed an increase (respectively, 32%, 63%, 71%). As the interval between induction of trauma and tumor cell injection was increased from 0 to 15 days, the frequency of tumor formation declined from 32% to 0%. These results suggest that the healing wound is a privileged site for experimental metastasis, particularly in the early stages. It is likely that the proteins in the blood clotting cascade are involved in local tumor implantation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

中国乳腺癌患者生活质量研究进展

生活质量（qualityoflife,QOL）又译作生命质量、生存质量,它是在世界卫生组织提倡的健康新概念“人们在躯体上、精神上及社会生活中处于一种完好的状态,而不仅仅是没有患病和衰弱”的基础上构建的,是医学模式由生物医学模式向生物一心理一社会医学模式转变的体现。西方发达国家已将此概念广泛应用于临床试验、卫生政策制定和卫生资源效益评价等众多领域。生存质量已作为评价肿瘤患者术后状况的首选指标。     

Contribution of FDG-PET in the management of pediatric sarcomas in 2011

FDG-PET has boomed in recent years for diagnosis, staging and the search for recurrence of a large number of tumors. This is particularly true for soft tissue sarcomas and musculoskeletal sarcomas, for which the first publications on the potential role of FDG-PET dating back to the early 1990s. The majority of published studies on adult sarcomas confer, possibly a mixed population. Studies dedicated to pediatrics population are much rarer. The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" of the French Federation of Anticancer Centers published in 2003 on "The use of FDG-PET in oncology" and make recommendations and expert advices as part sarcomas of adult patients. After a first part dedicated to the particular interpretation of FDG PET in children, the purpose of this paper is to review the potential contribution of this exam in the treatment of pediatric sarcomas.