金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

金属内支架置入联合三维适形放射治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓

Objective To study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pa-tients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Methods 22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Compari-son of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test. Results The portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying de-grees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 1 2 months was 100%, 80%, 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Stent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.     

Treatment of malignant biliary obstruction by combined percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage with local tumor treatment

AIM: To evaluate the utility of local tumor therapy combined with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for malignant obstructive biliary disease. METHODS: A total of 233 patients with malignant biliary obstruction were treated in our hospital with PTBD by placement of metallic stents and/or plastic tubes. After PTBD, 49 patients accepted brachytherapy or extra-radiation therapy or arterial infusion chemotherapy. The patients were followed up with clinical and radiographic evaluation. The survival and stent patency rate were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients underwent chemotherapy (11 cases of hepatic carcinoma, 7 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, 4 cases of metastatic lymphadenopathy), and 14 patients received radiotherapy (10 cases of cholan-giocarcinoma, 4 cases of pancreatic carcinoma), and 13 patients accepted brachytherapy (7 cases of cholangio-carcinoma, 3 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, 4 cases of metastatic lymphadenopathy). The survival rate of the local tumor treatment group at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 97.96%, 95.92%, 89.80%, and 32.59% respectively, longer than that of the non treatment group. The patency rate at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 97.96%, 93.86%, 80.93%, and 56.52% respectively. The difference of patency rate was not significant between treatment group and non treatment group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that local tumor therapy could prolong the survival time of patients with malignant biliary obstruction, and may improve stent patency.     

辛伐他汀对血脂异常人群缺血性脑卒中的预防

目的研究辛伐他汀对血脂异常人群缺血性脑卒中的预防作用。方法将2853例血脂异常人群分为预防组(693例)和对照组(2160例),预防组给予辛伐他汀20mg/d,睡前口服。分析2组血脂变化、心脑血管事件、脑卒中等差异。结果预防组受试者糖尿病患病率比对照组高,预防组随访率98．7%,对照组随访率96．2%。预防组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较对照组低[(2．54±1．01)mmol/L vs(4．12±1．29)mmol/L,P＜0．05],5年生存率高(94．13% vs 83．47%,P＜0．01),缺血性脑卒中和心脑血管事件发生率低。2组死亡的主要原因是:心脑血管疾病、肿瘤和感染。吸烟、高血压、肥胖和糖尿病是脑卒中和心脑血管事件的高危因素。结论辛伐他汀能有效降低血脂异常人群的心脑血管事件。     

Treatment of cachexia with ghrelin in patients with COPD

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide that also induces a positive energy balance by decreasing fat utility and stimulating feeding through GH-independent mechanisms. We investigated whether ghrelin improves cachexia and functional capacity in patients with COPD. METHODS: This is an open-label pilot study. Human ghrelin (2 microg/kg bid) was IV administered to seven cachectic patients with COPD for 3 weeks. Food intake, body composition, muscle strength, exercise capacity, pulmonary function, and sympathetic nerve activity were examined before and after ghrelin therapy. RESULTS: A single administration of ghrelin markedly increased serum GH (21-fold). Three-week treatment with ghrelin resulted in a significant increase in mean (+/- SEM) body weight (49.3 +/- 3.6 to 50.3 +/- 3.8 kg; p < 0.05). Food intake was significantly increased during ghrelin therapy. Ghrelin increased lean body mass and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength. Ghrelin significantly increased Karnofsky performance status score and the distance walked in 6 min (370 +/- 30 to 432 +/- 35 m; p < 0.05), although it did not significantly alter pulmonary function. Ghrelin attenuated the exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity, as indicated by a marked decrease in plasma norepinephrine level (889 +/- 123 to 597 +/- 116 pg/mL; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that repeated administration of ghrelin improves body composition, muscle wasting, functional capacity, and sympathetic augmentation in cachectic patients with COPD.     

Efficacy of eprosartan in combination with HCTZ in patients with essential hypertension

This randomised, double-blind study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a once-daily (OD) combination of the AT(1) receptor blocker, eprosartan 600 mg, and the thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5 mg, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension (sitting diastolic blood pressure (sitDBP) > or =98 mm Hg and < or =114 mm Hg) not adequately controlled with eprosartan 600 mg OD. A total of 494 patients entered the open-label monotherapy run-in phase, which consisted of eprosartan 600 mg OD for 3 weeks. Patients who responded to monotherapy were not eligible to enter the randomised phase of the study and were withdrawn. The remaining 309 patients were then randomised to either eprosartan 600 mg plus HCTZ 12.5 mg OD or to continue on eprosartan 600 mg OD. In the eprosartan plus HCTZ combination group, both sitDBP and sitting systolic blood pressure (sitSBP) were significantly reduced compared with the eprosartan monotherapy group. In addition, the response rate was higher in the combination group compared with the monotherapy group. There were no significant effects on reduction of sitDBP due to gender, prior use of antihypertensives or baseline severity of hypertension. The tolerability profile for the combination group was similar to that for the monotherapy group. Headache was the most frequent adverse event in both treatment groups. The majority of adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity. In this study of patients who were unresponsive to eprosartan monotherapy for 3 weeks, a combination product of eprosartan 600 mg and HCTZ 12.5 mg was shown to be an effective and well tolerated treatment.