快速更新IPv4/IPv6双栈路由查找算法与实现

IPv4/IPv6双栈核心路由器需要一体化高效路由查找．但常用的单步TCAM路由查找方案要求转发表的存储必须按前缀长度相对地址降序排列，这种与地址关联的排序操作影响表项的更新速度和路由查找流程的连续性．提出并实现了一种独特的对前缀范围对分搜索的IPv4／IPv6双栈一体化多步TCAM流水查找方法．突出特点是转发表不需排序、查找速率高、表项更新快、查表连续性好．可满足IPv4／IPv6双协议栈核心路由器OC-768（40Gbps）端口、48B包的线速转发．     

四-二分搜索高性能IPv4路由查找算法与实现

传统二分算法完成一次IPv4最长前缀匹配需5步搜索,且因存在回溯问题难以硬件实现,而单步TCAM路由查找方案要求转发表的存储必须按前缀长度相对地址降序排列,影响表项的更新速度和路由查找流程的连续性。该文提出并以TCAM流水线硬件实现了一种独特的对前缀范围的四．二分搜索算法。仅用3步搜索完成一次IPv4路由查找、转发表不需排序、查找速率高、表项更新快、查表连续性好。满足了IPv4核心路由器的双OC-768(40Gbps)端口、48B包的线速转发。     

双TCAM高性能IPv4路由查找算法与实现

传统二分算法完成一次IPv4最长前缀匹配需5步搜索,且因存在回溯问题难以硬件实现,而单步TCAM路由查找方案要求转发表的存储必须按前缀长度相对地址降序排列,影响表项的更新速度和路由查找流程的连续性。该文提出并以TCAM流水线硬件实现了一种独特对扩展前缀范围的四分搜索算法。仅用2步搜索完成一次IPv4路由查找、转发表不需排序、查找速率高、表项更新快、查表连续性好。满足IPv4核心路由器的双OC-768(40Gbps)端口、48B包的线速转发。     

TCAM路由更新的硬件优化

现代核心路由器对查找速率、表项更新速度、查找表容量等提出越来越高的要求。目前工业厂商大多采用基于TCAM(三态内容关联存储器)的解决方案。TCAM最大特点是查找速度快,但其更新算法会浪费很大的存储空间。针对这个问题该文提出一种利用FPGA提供硬件支持的路由更新方法,增加新表项时,只需对新增表项进行一次预处理,转发表无需按前缀长度排序,消除了预留空闲表项造成的存储空间浪费。     

基于分组TCAM的T比特高性能路由器快速查找更新技术

针对传统TCAM查找更新方法复杂度高、无法满足高性能路由器线速查找转发需求的问题,提出一种基于分组TCAM的路由查找更新技术.介绍T比特高性能路由器的系统架构,提出基于分组TCAM的路由查找更新架构,以及基于统计预测的预留表项空间算法,进行路由查找更新算法的设计.搭建测试验证环境,采用MAE-WEST和MAE-EAST路由表项数据,进行线速查找转发处理性能的分析测试.     

基于TCAM技术的高速路由查找方案

基于TCAM技术提出一个高速路由查找方案。该方案可以达到每秒钟100M次的查找速度，满足OC48和OC192接口的线速转发要求。方案使用了索引表和映射表的二级结构存储路由的下一跳信息，大大减小了存储空间，同时对IPv6具有很好的扩展性。对TCAM的路由更新问题进行了讨论，提出一个最坏情况下O(W／2)的更新算法(形为前缀长度集合的数目)，有效地提高了TCAM的更新性能。     

基于前驱查找的快速IP路由查找和更新方案

路由器的转发速率通常受限于选择路由的速度，因此路由查找和更新的方法在路由器设计中至关重要。文章提出了一种可硬件实现的快速IP路由查找和更新方法，将IP前缀匹配等价为地址范围搜索，采用B-树结构存储路由表。这种方案对存储要求较低，仅由小容量的片上SRAM和片外DRAM构成。实验表明，该方案在简单硬件支持下就能够达到OC-48的转发要求。     

TCAM表项管理算法研究

为了克服传统的软件路由查找机制的瓶颈,高速路由器目前的查表方案是基于TCAM的硬件路由查找.由于路由查找的最长前缀匹配要求,TCAM要解决路由表项的高效存储和管理问题.本文讨论了目前的基于TCAM的表项管理算法,对当前研究的新进展进行了重点分析和比较,为进一步的研究提出了新的思路.在863重大课题"可扩展到T比特的高性能IPv4/v6路由器基础平台及实验系统"中,得到很好的应用.     

IPv6的快速路由查找算法研究

TCAM被广泛用于执行快速路由查找,不管前缀的数量和长度,它能在极短时间内解决最佳前缀问题。与基于软件解决方法相比较,TCAM能提供持续吞吐量和简单系统体系,这对IPv6路由查找来说是很有吸引力的。然而,它也有一些缺点,例如入口数量有限,价格昂贵和能源消耗。因此,本文提出一种有效、能减少所需TCAM的算法,该算法通过增加微DRAM来消除98％的TCAM入口。实验证明,该算法效果良好,可以大大提高IPv6路由查找性能。     

TCAM表项管理算法研究

为了克服传统的软件路由查找机制的瓶颈,高速路由器目前的查表方案是基于TCAM的硬件路由查找。由于路由查找的最长前缀匹配要求,TCAM要解决路由表项的高效存储和管理问题。本文讨论了目前的基于TCAM的表项管理算法,对当前研究的新进展进行了重点分析和比较,为进一步的研究提出了新的思路。在863重大课题“可扩展到T比特的高性能IPv4/v6路由器基础平台及实验系统"中,得到很好的应用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.