74例精神分裂症住院综合征分析

调查74例精神分裂症患者住院综合征情况,并分析其相关因素,发现年龄越高、病程越长、住院次数越多、住院时间越长及社会家庭支持系统较薄弱的患者住院综合征的发生率较高且程度较重。并探讨如何减少住院综合征,提出采用积极的康复治疗是预防及减少此征的有效措施。     

Vagal influence on exocrine pancreas of alcohol-fed and of normal dogs

A histochemical study has indicated increased activity of acetylcholine in the pancreas of chronic alcoholic dogs, and we have recently reported decrease pancreatic responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation in such dogs. This prompted us to determine, in chronic alcoholic dogs, the net pancreatic response to stimulation mediated by cholinergic nerves. Therefore, the pancreatic response to vagal stimulation by intravenous 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) infusion was examined in such dogs and in controls. After 2DG, 100 mg kg-1, significant and similar increases in protein output up to maximally 2.7 +/- 0.8 and 2.3 +/- 0.5 mg kg-1 (15 min)-1 were observed in control and alcohol-treated dogs. A significant rise in flow rate and HCO-3 output up to maximally 0.26 +/- 0.07 ml kg-1 (15 min)-1 and 43 +/- 13 mumol kg-1 (15 min)-1, respectively, occurred in the controls but was delayed in the alcoholics. The finding in alcoholic dogs of no change in protein response to 2DG is not in favour of a primary increase of vagally mediated pancreatic protein secretion. It could, however, be compatible with a primary increase in cholinergic receptor resistance due to alcohol and secondary adaptive increase in cholinergic activities, which when combined, would yield no net change of the cholinergically mediated protein response.     

The influence of ultrasound on the frequency of amniocentesis.

To determine the effect of development of ultrasonographic guidance techniques on the frequency of amniocentesis, we compared two two-year periods before and after the use of ultrasound. Statistically significant decreases in both the number of amniocenteses ordered and the number performed were observed. We concluded that ultrasound has been judiciously used and has not prompted an increased use of amniocentesis merely because of improved ease and safety. A slight decrease in the perinatal mortality rate mitigates against any compromise in the standard of antenatal care.     

脾栓塞程度控制的方法学研究(回顾性研究)

目的探寻影响脾栓塞程度的相关因素及其关系。方法回顾性分析90例部分性脾栓塞术(partial splen ic     

Macroglobulinemia. III. The effect of mercaptoethanol on the antigenic structure of macroglobulins

Each of several antigen-antibody systems studied has been found to affect the coagulation mechanism in the rabbit, causing a marked shortening of the coagulation time in vitro of samples of whole blood maintained in siliconized glassware. Addition of specific antigen to the blood of actively immunized animals or addition of antigen-antibody mixtures to the blood of normal animals produced the effect. The coagulation time of plasma was not affected, indicating that the phenomenon may be mediated by an effect on platelets. This effect of antigen-antibody interaction may be involved in the production of tissue damage in vivo.     

Studies on antibody production. III. The alum granuloma

After subcutaneous injection of hen's ovalbumin or diphtheria toxoid precipitated with aluminum phosphate, the production of antibody, as judged by the presence in the tissues of antibody-containing cells, proceeds partly within the regional lymphatic glands and partly in the granulation tissue surrounding the nodule which develops at the site of injection. The first production of antibody takes place in the regional lymphatic gland and antibody production in the local granuloma becomes apparent only from 14 days onwards (rabbit). Antibody-containing plasma cells were demonstrated in the local granuloma up to 7 weeks. Antibody-containing cells in the regional lymphatic glands reach maximum numbers at 2 weeks following injection and decrease thereafter to few cells at 5 weeks. The adjuvant effect of the aluminum phosphate is interpreted as due partly to the delay in absorption of antigen from the local site of its injection which results in prolongation of stimulation of cells within the regional lymphatic glands, and partly to the production of a local granuloma which contains antibody-producing plasma cells.     

The effect of systemic venous drainage of the pancreas on insulin sensitivity in dogs.

To assess the metabolic consequences of the diversion of the pancreatic venous drainage to the systemic circulation, the pancreaticoduodenal and gastrosplenic veins were anastomosed to the inferior vena cava in nine normal dogs. This procedure maintained the integrity of the entire pancreas while shunting the hormonal output of the pancreas to the periphery. The metabolic effects were assessed from the sensitivity to insulin during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp using an insulin infusion of 800 microU/kg per min. The studies were controlled by their duplication in seven dogs identically treated but with the pancreatic veins reanastomosed to the portal vein. No differences in systemic insulin levels or insulin sensitivity before and after surgery were seen under these circumstances. After diversion, however, basal insulin levels rose from 4.5 +/- 1.0 to 11.5 +/- 2.5 microU/ml. Basal glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) rose to 3.0 +/- 0.4 from 2.0 +/- 0.3 ml/kg per min. On insulin infusion, maximal stimulation of MCR within the 2-h infusion period was to 15.2 +/- 2.5 ml/kg per min preoperatively and to 7.2 +/- 0.8 ml/kg per min after diversion. Using ratios of MCR-to-insulin concentration as an index of insulin sensitivity, it was demonstrated that this index decreased by at least 50% after diversion. These data imply that portal venous drainage of the pancreas is an important factor in the determination of peripheral insulin sensitivity.     

The influence of food on nitrofurantoin bioavailability.

The effect of food on the absorption of five commercial dosage forms of nitrofurantoin varying widely in drug release and dissolution characteristics was assessed in man after oral administration. Four healthy fasting and nonfasting male subjects received, in a crossover fashion, a single 100-mg dose of microcrystalline nitrofurantoin as an aqueous suspension, three different compressed tablets, and a single 100-mg dose of macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin in a capsule. Both the absorption and the duration of therapeutic urinary concentrations of nitrofurantoin were significantly increased after administration of the five products to nonfasting subjects. The enhancement in the bioavailability of the drug in the presence of food ranged from 20% to 400%, with the greatest absorption-enhancing effect occurring with those dosage forms exhibiting the poorest dissolution characteristics. It is concluded that single-dose comparative bioavailability studies of drug products normally administered with food should be performed in both nonfasting and fasting subjects.