云南个旧矿区南部矿床原生晕垂直分带研究——以龙树脚矿段为例

矿床原生晕的垂直分带研究是寻找隐伏矿体和盲矿体的有效方法之一。本文通过对 30余种元素的分析 ,研究元素的分带指数、变化系数和变化指数梯度差 ,由此得出矿床原生晕由上至下的垂直分带为 :Mn Cd Zn Sn Cu Au Hg As( 1 82 0中段 ) ;Bi W Co Sb( 1 730中段 ) ;Mo Y( 1 70 0中段 ) ;Ni V Nb Sr La Sc Ti Yb Be Ag( 1 6 4 0中段 ) ;Pb Ga B Ba( 1 5 2 0中段 )。 30种元素的分带序列为 :Mn Ag1 Pb1 Cd Zn Sn Cu Au Hg As Bi W Co Sb Mo Y Ni V Nb Sr Cr La Sc Ti Yb Be Ag2 Pb2 Ga B Ba。     

甘肃北山金、铜矿床红沙的植物地球化学特征及其找矿意义

北山地区植被属戈壁荒漠植被类型，主要植物群落为红沙，红沙中多数元素特别是成矿元素及其伴生元素的含量和变化系数矿区大于背景区，元素含量背景区呈对数正态分布，矿区呈偏对数正态或多峰分布，红沙中的元素组合分类背景区为Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,Sb,Mo,V,Mn和Ag,Sn,Sr,Ba及Ti,Cr,Co,Ni,金矿区为Au,Ag,As,Sb,Mo,Mn,Sr和Cu,Pb,Zn,Sn,Ba及Co,Ni,Ti,V,Cr,铜矿区为Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Au,Ag,Ba和As,Sb,Sn,Mn及Ti,V,Cr,Co,Ni,Sr，矿区红沙中浓集系数较大的元素多数在矿区岩石中的浓集系统亦较大，金，铜矿床红沙和岩石中的特征元素分别都有Au,Ag,Ag,Sb,Mo,(Mn)和Cu,Pb,(Ba,Ti,Cr)。在金，铜矿床（体上方分别发育有良好的Au和Cu的生物地球化学异常和元素组合及分带，根据红沙的地球化学特征能，判断金或铜矿种类型，并能对掩埋，隐伏金，铜矿床（体）进行定位预测。     

Minipal 4便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪在勘查地球化学中的应用

使用粉末样品压片制样，用Minipal 4便携式能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定化探样品尹的Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、Fe2O3、K2O、As、Ba、Br、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Ga、La、Mn、Nb、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、Sr、Th、V、Y、Zn、Zr、Ti、Mo等30种组分。方法简便、快速，分析结果的精度和准确度能满足野外现场分析的要求。     

新旧水系沉积物测量规范应用对比——以长兴林场工作区为例

为了更好地取得找矿效果,对和龙长兴林场工作区采取了-2 mm(10目)、+0.25 mm(60目)～-2 mm(10目)两个粒级的水系沉积物.测试结果表明,-2 mm与+0.25 mm～-2 mm水系沉积物相比,Sb、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo元素明显偏高,Ag元素明显偏低,Au、Cr、Pb元素基本不变;聚类分析,若以相关系数r=0.6划分,-2 mm水系沉积物测试结果可分为Au、Ag+ Sb+ Co +Ni +Cu +Mo+ Cr +Pb、Zn三群,+0.25 ～-2 mm水系沉积物测试结果可分为Au+ Co+ Sb+ Mo、Ag+ Cu、Ni +Cr +Pb +Zn三群.结合区内成矿地质条件分析认为,+0.25～-2mm水系沉积物测试结果更符合工作区矿化蚀变情况,对找矿指导意义较大.     

X射线荧光光谱法同时测定土壤样品中碳氮等多元素

报道了采用粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤样品中C、N、S、Cl、Br、Hf、Mo、Sn、Se、Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Rb、Sr、Y、Zr、Nb、Ba、La、Ce、U、Th、Pb等38种元素的分析方法。着重研究了C和N的分析条件、存在问题和注意事项。所拟方法的检出限，精密度和准确度大多数满足覆盖区多目标地球化学调查样品分析质量的要求。     

泉州城市表层土壤中金属元素来源分析

采集了泉州市47个城市表层土壤样,用ICP-MS检测技术,研究了土壤中26种重金属元素的富集特征、环境风险及污染来源。富集因子结果显示,与泉州市土壤背景值相比,Li、Ni、Co、Cu、Zn、Sr、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb、Ta在城市表层土壤中的富集因子大于1,而Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Mn、Ga、Ge、As、Rb、Y、Nb、Cs、Bi、Th、U的富集因子小于1。从功能区上看,工业区污染最为严重,其次依次为农业区、商住区、城市绿地、交通区。环境风险指数表明,泉州市城市表层土壤中重金属污染具有极高的环境风险,达到极高风险级别的样品占48.9%。采用多元统计分析方法对土壤样品中各金属元素来源进行解析,结果表明,研究区城市表层土壤中金属元素总体可分成5类：①交通运输类（Sn、Pb、Sb、Bi）;②工业因子类（Cr、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn）;③自然因子类别（Ga、Ge、Ti、V、Cu）;④混合因子类别（Zn、Cd、Sr、Th、U、Y、As、Cs、Nb、Ta、Rb）;⑤生活垃圾因子类别（Li）。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定多目标地球化学调查样品中主次痕量组分

采用低压聚乙烯镶边垫底的粉末样品压片制样,用PW2440X射线荧光光谱仪对多目标地球化学调查样品中Na2O、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2、P、K2O、CaO、Ti、Mn、Fe2O3、Co、Nb、Zr、Y、Sr、Rb、Pb、Th、Zn、Cu、Ni、V、Cr、Ba、La等组分进行测定。重点讨论了微量元素的背景选择和谱线重叠校正问题。使用经验系数法和康普顿散射线作内标校正基体效应,经标准物质分析检验,结果与标准值吻合,用GBW07308和GBW07310水系沉积物国家一级标准物质作精密度试验,统计结果RSD(n=12)除La、Cr、Co和Th<14.00%以外,其余各组分均小于6.00%。     

抚顺盆地始新统计军屯组油页岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境

沉积物元素地球化学特征是盆地沉积环境变化的响应。本文根据元素Ti、Mn、Li、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Cd、Ba、Pb、Sr、Rb、V的含量及Sr／Ba、Ni／Co、Ni／V、Cu／Zn、V／（V＋Ni）比值的变化规律，并结合有机地球化学特征，对抚顺盆地始新统计军屯组油页岩的沉积环境进行了分析。以Li、Ti为代表的外源元素，贫矿段的含量高于富矿段；而Sr、Ba等湖盆内化学沉积元素，富矿段的含量高于贫矿。Sr／Ba、V／（V＋Ni）、Ni／Co、Cu／Zn比值从贫矿段到富矿段呈现逐渐增大的趋势。富矿段有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型，而贫矿段主要为Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2。分析表明，本区油页岩富矿段形成于水体盐度较贫矿段高、还原性强的深湖环境，而贫矿段则形成于还原性较弱的半深湖一浅湖环境。     

碳酸盐岩地层中B元素测试方法——一种改进的ICP-AES方法

为解决碳酸盐岩地层中B元素分析困难的问题,采用HF-HNO3-HClO4-H3PO4溶样,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定碳酸盐地层中的B元素。该方法的特点是,在溶样体系中加入适量H3PO4避免B元素的挥发损失,并对H3PO4最佳用量进行了试验。方法检出限3.8×10-6(10SD),用国家一级标准物质进行准确度、精密度验证,精密度(RSD)小于6.44%,准确度(ΔlgC)小于0.087。该方法还可以同时测定Be、Ba、Cr、Cu、Co、Ni、Pb、Mo、V、Mn、Li、Zn、Ga等十几种元素,也适用于土壤、岩石、水系沉积物其它样品中B等多元素同时测定。运用该方法测试了西南天山哈拉奇地区碳酸盐地层中B、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ba等元素,并对其地质意义进行了简要探讨。     

徐州城市表层土壤中重金属环境风险测度与源解析

研究了徐州城市表层土壤的21个样品中重金属元素富集特征,结果表明,与我国土壤元素的背景值(算术平均值)相比,表层土壤中Zn、Cd、As、Hg、Sb、Sn和Ag等元素富集程度高;Se、Sc、Ba、Bi、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mn、Mo、Be、Ga和Co等元素的富集程度较低。不同城市表层土壤中重金属元素有着不同的来源,统计分析结果表明,研究区表层土壤样品中重金属元素可分成4种类别:“自然因子”类别元素(Ti、Ga、Li、V、Co、Mn、Be和Pt);“交通因子”类别元素(Ag、Se、Sc、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Br、S、Mo和Au);“燃煤因子”类别元素B(i、Cr、Hg、As、Sb和Pd)和混合源类别元素(Sn和Ba)。环境风险指数的计算结果表明,表层土壤中重金属污染具有较大的环境风险,其中属于中等环境风险级别以上的样品占近40%。     

Statistical assessment of geochemical pattern in overbank sediments of the river Sava,Croatia

Four overbank profiles from the three terraces of different age were sampled in 10 to 20 cm intervals for the bulk content of major and minor (Ca, Mg, Fe, Ti, Al, Na, K and P) and trace (Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, As, U, Th, Sr, Cd, Sb, V, La, Cr, Ba, W, Zr, Ce, Sn, Y, Nb, Ta, Sc, Li, Rb and Hf) elements in the minus 0.125 mm fraction. Univariate statistics together with analysis of variance discriminated between the lower-lying carbonate (CA) population dominantly composed of carbonates and the overlying silicate (SI) population being dominantly of silicate mineralogy. This stratified pattern resulted from the intensive erosive action of melting glaciers exerted on limestones and dolomites in the alpine region, followed by local inputs mainly of silicate composition. Elements exhibiting the greatest between-population variability are Ca and Mg being enriched in the CA population and Fe, Mn, P, Sr, Al, Na, K, Li, Rb, Y, Zr, Ni, Cr and Ti being enriched in the SI population. Anomalously high Hg, Pb and Ba concentrations (maximum values: 6,500±2,860 ppb, 225±13 ppm and 1,519±91 ppm, respectively) in the lowermost part of the profile S7, which is nearest to the Croatian-Slovenian border, derive from the mineralized Slovenian catchment area. This profile also contains trimodal frequency distributions of Fe, Mn and P whose highest concentrations coincide with increased values of Zn and Cu which are bimodally distributed. Geochemical patterns of majority of elements in all four profiles consistently reflect the average compositions of the upstream drainage basins.     

岩石中多元素的X射线荧光光谱测定——经验系数法

采用经验和数法校正基体效应,X荧光光谱测定样品中的主、次痕量元素是一种简便而快速的方法,但由于经验系数的求取很大程度上取决于标准样品的类型、含量范围和计算方法,往往使用范围有一定的局限性,本文提出的标准分类法计算经验系数,     

残坡积土壤层中铁锰氧化物的吸附特性及其地球化学找矿意义

作者用不同方法研究了粤北某铅锌矿区近矿灰岩风化土壤中铁锰氧化物对微量元素的富集作用。发现铁锰氧化物对Sb、Pb、Cd、Ni等元素具有强烈的吸附作用;对Zn、Cu等21种元素有程度不等的吸附;对Ti、Sr等12种元素不吸附。据此,作者认为在土壤地球化学找矿中,应着重在铁锰结核层和铁锰粘土层取样,或用编提取方法分析铁锰氧化物相的元素含量,强化异常,提高找矿效果。     

Concentration and distribution of elements in Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province,China

With the aim of better understanding geochemistry of coal, 71 Late Permian whole-seam coal channel samples from western Guizhou Province, Southwest China were studied and 57 elements in them were determined. The contents of Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hf, K, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Sn, Ta, Ti, Th, U, V, Zr, and REEs in the Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province are higher than the arithmetic means for the corresponding elements in the US coals, whereas As, Ba, Br, F, Hg, P, Se, and Tl are lower. Compared to common Chinese coals, the contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hf, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sc, Sn, Ti, U, V, Zn, and Zr in western Guizhou coals are higher, and As, F, Hg, Rb, Sb, Tl, and W are lower. Five groups of elements may be classified according to their mode of occurrence in coal: The first two, Group A, Tm–Yb–Lu–Y–Er–Ho–Dy–Tb–Ce–La–Nd–Pr–Gd–Sm, and Group B, As–Sr–K–Rb–Ba–F–Ash–Si–Sn–Ga–Hf–Al–Ta–Zr–Be–Th–Na, have high positive correlation coefficients with ash yield and they show mainly inorganic affinity. Some elements from Group B, such as Ba, Be, Ga, Hf, and Th, are also characterized by significant aluminosilicate affinity. In addition, arsenic also exhibits high sulfide affinity (r_S–Fe>0.5). The elements, which have negative or lower positive correlation coefficients with ash yield (with exceptions of Bi, Cs, Nb, Mn, Se, and Ti), are grouped in other four associations: Group C, Cr–V–Mo–U–Cd–Tl; Group D, Hg–Li–Sc–Ti–Eu–Nb–Cs–W; Group E, Bi–Sb; and Group F, Co–Ni–Cu–Pb–Zn–Mg–Se–Ca–Mn–S–Fe. The correlation coefficients of some elements, including Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, P, S, Sc, U, V, and Zn, with ash yield are below the statistically significant value. Only Cr and Cu are negatively correlated to ash yield (−0.07 and −0.01, respectively), showing intermediate (organic and inorganic) affinity. Manganese and Fe are characterized by carbonate affinity probably due to high content of epigenetic veined ankerite in some coals. Phosphorus has low correlation coefficients with any other elements and is not included in these six associations. There are five possible genetic types of enrichment of elements in coal from western Guizhou Province: source rock, volcanic ash, low-temperature hydrothermal fluid, groundwater, and magmatic hydrothermal inputs.     

Taxonomical and Biogeochemical Investigation of Elements in Holocene Mollusk Shells in the South and Southwestern Marmara Basin, Turkey

Concentrations of some heavy metals and trace elements such as Cr,Ga,Ni,Zn,Mo,Cu, Pb,Yb,Y,Nb,Ti,Sr,Ba,Mn,Sc,Co,V,Zr,Fe,Al,W,Se,Bi,Sb,As,Cd in recent mollusk shells and factors affecting their distribution and deposits collected from various depths in the southern and southwestern parts of the Marmara Sea are investigated.The distribution of the elements in the shells is categorized into four groups.Of these,concentrations of 12 elements(As,Bi,Cd,Co,Ga,Mo,Nb, Sb,Se,Sc,W and Yb)are below zero [(0.053-0.79)×10~(-6)];concentrations of seven elements(Cr,Ni, Pb,V,Y,Zr and Cu)are(1.0-6.0)×10~(-6);concentrations of four elements(Ti,Mn,Ba and Zn)are 10- 20×10~(-6);and concentrations of five elements(Si,Al,Fe,Mg and Sr)are(47.44-268.11)×10~(-6).The taxonomic characteristics of the 29 elements were studied separately in mollusk shells such as Chamalea gallina(Linné),Pitar-rudis(Poll),Nassarius reticulatus(Linné),Venerupis senescens (Coocconi),Mytilus galloprovincialis(Lamarck),Mytilaster lineatus(Gemelin in Linné)and Chlamys glabra.It was found that,in mollusk taxonomy,the elements have unique values.In other words, element concentrations in various mollusk shells depend mainly on the taxonomic characteristics of mollusks.In various bionomic environments different element distributions of the same species are attributed to the different geochemical characters of the each environment.Data obtained in this study indicate that the organisms are the most active and deterministic factors of the environment.     

四川省癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素的关系

利用中国癌死亡率与土壤坏境中化学元素的相关性成果，研究了四川省癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素：As、Cd、Co、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、V、Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th、U、Sn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Sb、Bi、Ta、Te、Mo、W、Br、I、Fe等52个元素含量的关系     

Pedo-geochemical baseline content levels and soil quality reference values of trace elements in soils from the Mediterranean (Castilla La Mancha, Spain)

To evaluate trace element soil contamination, geochemical baseline contents and reference values need to be established. Pedo-geochemical baseline levels of trace elements in 72 soil samples of 24 soil profiles from the Mediterranean, Castilla La Mancha, are assessed and soil quality reference values are calculated. Reference value contents (in mg kg^?1) were: Sc 50.8; V 123.2; Cr 113.4; Co 20.8; Ni 42.6; Cu 27.0; Zn 86.5; Ga 26.7; Ge 1.3; As 16.7; Se 1.4; Br 20.1; Rb 234.7; Sr 1868.4; Y 38.3; Zr 413.1; Nb 18.7; Mo 2.0; Ag 7.8; Cd 4.4; Sn 8.7; Sb 5.7; I 25.4; Cs 14.2; Ba 1049.3; La 348.4; Ce 97.9; Nd 40.1; Sm 10.7; Yb 4.2; Hf 10.0; Ta 4.0; W 5.5; Tl 2.3; Pb 44.2; Bi 2.2; Th 21.6; U 10.3. The contents obtained for some elements are below or close to the detection limit: Co, Ge, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Tl and Bi. The element content ranges (the maximum value minus the minimum value) are: Sc 55.0, V 196.0, Cr 346.0, Co 64.4, Ni 188.7, Cu 49.5, Zn 102.3, Ga 28.7, Ge 1.5, As 26.4, Se 0.9, Br 33.0 Rb 432.7, Sr 3372.6, Y 39.8, Zr 523.2, Nb 59.7, Mo 3.9, Ag 10.1, Cd 1.8, Sn 75.2, Sb 9.9, I 68.0, Cs 17.6, Ba 1394.9, La 51.3, Ce 93.5, Nd 52.5, Sm 11.2, Yb 4.2, Hf 11.3, Ta 6.3, W 5.2, Tl 2.1, Pb 96.4, Bi 3.0, Th 24.4, U 16.4 (in mg kg^?1). The spatial distribution of the elements was affected mainly by the nature of the bedrock and by pedological processes. The upper limit of expected background variation for each trace element in the soil is documented, as is its range as a criterion for evaluating which sites may require decontamination.     

Bottled drinking water: Water contamination from bottle materials (glass,hard PET,soft PET), the influence of colour and acidification

A test comparing concentrations of 57 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn and Zr) determined by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) in 294 samples of the same bottled water (predominantly mineral water) sold in the European Union in glass and PET bottles demonstrates significant (Wilcoxon rank sum test, α = 0.05) differences in median concentrations for Sb, Ce, Pb, Al, Zr, Ti, Th, La, Pr, Fe, Zn, Nd, Sn, Cr, Tb, Er, Gd, Bi, Sm, Y, Lu, Dy, Yb, Tm, Nb and Cu. Antimony has a 21× higher median value in bottled water when sold in PET bottles (0.33 vs. 0.016 μg/L). Glass contaminates the water with Ce (19× higher than in PET bottles), Pb (14×), Al (7×), Zr (7×), Ti, Th (5×), La (5×), Pr, Fe, Zn, Nd, Sn, Cr, Tb (2×), Er, Gd, Bi, Sm, Y, Lu, Yb, Tm, Nb and Cu (1.4×). Testing an additional 136 bottles of the same water sold in green and clear glass bottles demonstrates an important influence of colour, the water sold in green glass shows significantly higher concentrations in Cr (7.3×, 1.0 vs. 0.14 μg/L), Th (1.9×), La, Zr, Nd, Ce (1.6×), Pr, Nb, Ti, Fe (1.3×), Co (1.3×) and Er (1.1×).