铁基粉末冶金制件烧结时纳米铜在界面的作用

为研究微量纳米铜添加到铁基粉末冶金件中烧结时对粒界扩散的作用.试验选择添加0.5%纳米铜的铁基粉末,通过高能球磨混合压制成样品,分别在不同温度相同保温时间及相同温度不同保温时间进行烧结,将上述试样冲击产生断口,通过SEM观察断口上纳米铜形貌变化.结果表明,纳米铜在铁基粉末冶金制品烧结过程中,保温时间相同随烧结温度升高和在相同烧结温度下随保温时间的延长在界面上发生快速吸附、溶解和扩散,使其团聚长大,在较低温度溶解于铁基粉末颗粒表面,明显降低烧结温度,由传统的工艺温度1180℃降低到920℃.     

冷压烧结Cu-Fe基金刚石超薄切锯胎体的组织和性能

为了研究冷压坯致密化机理及加载速率对烧结胎体组织和力学性能影响,采用单轴模压+热压烧结法,以Cu-Fe基元素混合粉末为原材料,在不同的冷压加载速率条件下制备Cu-Fe基金刚石复合材料超薄切锯胎体;用显微硬度仪、OM、SEM、XRD和万能力学试验机等表征冷压坯显微硬度、组织、烧结胎体组织和力学性能.结果表明:当加载速率较慢时,易变形的Cu、Ni粉在低压下发生加工硬化,抑制后续的塑性变形,阻碍压坯致密化;当加载速率过快时,压坯粉末的塑性变形不充分,造成脱模弹性后效,压坯密度下降;烧结Cu-Fe基胎体以Fe-Cr、(Fe,Ni)、Ni-Cr-Fe、Fe、Cr和(Cu,Sn)为主相;当加载速率为0.1 mm/min时烧结胎体的拉伸强度最大,拉伸断口形貌主要包括塑坑断口、解理断口和沿颗粒脆性断口.     

纳米W-Cu复合粉末的制备及其性能表征

采用蒸氨均相共沉淀法,即加热含有Cu2+和WO42-的氨络合物溶液,使氨蒸发,获得沉淀物,然后对沉淀物进行煅烧、还原,最终制得了含Cu量为20%的W-Cu复合粉.对沉淀物和W-Cu复合粉的组成和粒度等进行了表征.同时对于不同温度下烧结上述W-Cu复合粉压坯所得烧结体的微结构和物理、力学性能等进行了测试分析.试验结果表明,蒸氨均相共沉淀法制备的W-Cu复合粉体具有纳米粒度和均匀的化学组成,其烧结活性高,在较低温度下烧结即可达很高的致密化程度;所得烧结体具有良好的物理、力学性能.     

SnO_2基陶瓷的制备及其性能研究

以纳米SnO2粉末为原料制备导电陶瓷,研究了所制备的SnO2-Sb2O3-CuO三元系SnO2基陶瓷的烧结性能和导电性能。用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪等对陶瓷基体的相组成和微观组织进行了分析。结果表明,纳米SnO2粉末在加入一定量的Sb2O3和CuO添加剂后,烧结活性有所提高;加入烧结助剂CuO可明显促进SnO2的烧结;在最佳CuO-Sb2O3配比下,制备的SnO2基陶瓷的综合性能良好。     

烧结温度对316L多孔不锈钢孔结构的影响

将316L不锈钢粉、造孔剂(尿素颗粒)和粘结剂(聚乙烯醇溶液)进行混合,压坯后采用高温真空烧结制备出多孔不锈钢。利用真空浸渍法计算不同烧结温度下试样的孔隙率,在金相显微镜下观察试样的孔径分布及孔大小等,采用压汞法测试不同烧结温度下的最大孔径及其渗透性能。结果表明,烧结温度在1200℃时可获得小孔径分布均匀、孔隙贯通性良好的多孔结构;但烧结温度超过1200℃,烧结试样发生孔径的收缩和变形,使得孔隙率减小,多孔材料的渗透性能降低。     

冷压烧结Fe基金刚石超薄切锯胎体的组织和性能

为了降低金属基金刚石超薄切锯的厚度、提高强度,采用冷压烧结法,以Fe基混合粉末为原材料,通过改变冷压力,制备平均厚度为0.21 mm的Fe基金刚石超薄切锯胎体;用显微硬度仪、OM、SEM、XRD和万能力学试验机等表征松装粉末和压坯显微硬度、压坯组织、烧结胎体组织和力学性能,研究冷压坯致密化机理以及冷压力对烧结胎体组织和力学性能影响.结果表明:压力<205 MPa时Cu、Fe粉均发生了显著的加工硬化现象,Cu粉变形速率较Fe粉快,使Cu、Fe粉聚集、冷焊,阻碍致密化;压力>205 MPa时Cu、Fe粉发生大量塑性变形,组织致密,密度增大;烧结胎体以(Fe,Ni)、Fe1.3Sn、Cu40.5Sn11、Cu81Sn22和Fe为主相;拉伸断口形貌主要包括塑坑断口、解理和沿颗粒脆性断口,168 MPa烧结胎体力学性能最优.     

Mo-8wt%Cu纳米复合粉末的制备和烧结

采用机械合金化法制备出Mo-8wt%Cu超细复合粉末,并对由该复合粉末所制得的压坯进行了液相烧结,利用SEM、XRD等分析手段对复合粉末的特性和烧结体的组织进行了表征和观察,实验结果表明,该方法制备的Mo-8wt%Cu超细复合粉末颗粒细小,平均粒径在300nm左右,高能球磨后的复合粉末由Mo-Cu过饱和固溶体相和Cu相组成,而且两相的晶粒度达到纳米级,其中Mo-Cu过饱和固溶体相的晶粒约为106nm,复合粉末具有很高的烧结特性,经高温烧结后合金致密度达到98.5%以上,而且金相组织分布均匀。     

选择性激光烧结用尼龙12覆膜Cu粉的制备

提出了溶剂沉淀法制备选择性激光烧结(SLS)用尼龙12覆膜Cu粉复合粉末材料,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合粉末材料的微观形貌,通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)对复合粉末材料的熔融、结晶行为,烧结温度窗口及热稳定性进行了研究,并测试了其烧结件的力学性能。结果表明,复合粉末材料的熔点、结晶速度及热稳定性较纯尼龙粉末有所提高,烧结温度窗口变宽,因而烧结性能优于纯尼龙粉。复合粉末材料烧结件的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、硬度均高于纯尼龙粉的烧结件。     

素坯高压成型对纳米4YSZ烧结的影响

在纳米 4YSZ粉中加入少量纳米Al2 O3 粉 ,素坯两次 40 0MPa加压成型后在 4GPa高压下再成型 ,素坯相对密度达 72 4 %,降低了烧结致密温度。超密实坯体在 110 0℃常压下烧结 2小时 ,陶瓷体致密度达 99 2 %。烧结样品的晶胞四方度atc- 1t 为 1 0 12 ,晶胞体积V为 0 132nm3 。 110 0℃常压煅烧 ,烧结体晶粒大小在 40～ 70nm。烧结体研磨成粉后含有 12～ 14%的单斜相。     

素坯高压成型对纳4YSZ烧结的影响

在纳米4YSZ粉中加入少量纳米Al2O3粉，素坯两次400MPa加压成型后在4GPa高压下再成型，素坯相对密度达72．4％，降低了烧结密温度，超密实坯体在1100℃常下烧结2小时，陶瓷体密度达99．2％。烧结样品的晶胞四方度atct^-1为1．012，晶胞体积V为0.132nm^3，1100℃常压煅以烧，烧结体晶粒大小在40－70nm。烧结体研磨成粉后含有12－14％的单斜相。     

Effect of Amount of Carbonyl Iron Powders on the Sintering Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Fe-4 Cu Alloy Synthesized Using Metal Injection Molding

An atomized iron powder used in conventional powder metallurgy, mixed with 4 wt.% Cu powders was injection molded with carbonyl iron powder and a sintering aid. The use of atomized iron powder can reduce cost, but decreases packing density and sintering rate. To improve the densification of atomized powders, 20-40 wt.% carbonyl iron powder was added for increasing packing density and promoting sintering. The sintered alloy was characterized by the bulk density, mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscope observations. The results of sintering for the samples added with 30 wt.% carbonyl powder show that the relative bulk density, hardness, tensile strength and elongation are up to 83.87%. HRF 92.2, 315.5 MPa and 4%, respectively. The proportion of carbonyl iron powders and sintering temperature were found to influence the relative bulk density and the mechanical properties of the specimens significantly.     

Effects of Cu on Microstructures,Mechanical, and Magnetic Properties of Fe–Ni–P Alloys Fabricated by Liquid Phase Sintering

The Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloys with different copper content (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) are fabricated by liquid phase sintering (LPS) at 950 °C. The nano‐Cu powder is mechanically mixed for 90 min with Fe–Ni–P composite powder using the ethanol as the medium. The microstructure, microhardness and compressive properties of Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloys are investigated. The results indicate that the copper is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of sintered specimens. The sample contains a small amount of γ‐(Fe, Ni) phase when the copper content is 1 wt%, which results in its the highest compressive yield strength (948.1 MPa). The highest microhardness of 371 HV is accessible in Fe–Ni–P–Cu alloy with 2 wt% Cu. The fracture surface analysis indicates that sintered specimens with Cu addition exhibit a typical intergranular mode.     

Effect of copper on the mechanical properties of alloys formed by powder metallurgy

Alloys formed by powder metallurgy are typically porous, which reduces their strength. In this study, we attempt to improve the mechanical properties of an alloy composed of 0.6 wt% C, 1.0 wt% Ni, 0.3 wt% Mo, 0.7 wt% Mn and the balance Fe by addition of 8 wt% Cu. To form the alloys, powders are blended and compacted in a dual-action hydraulic press and then sintered in a furnace at 1150 °C. Alloys with and without Cu are used in specific parts designed for impact testing. Stress analysis is performed using ANSYS, which validates the operation of the parts. The strength of the body geometry according to its design is determined by considering the manufactured material and the loads that it is subjected to during operation. SEM images revealed that the alloy without Cu contains martensite and bainite phases with large, irregular pores. In contrast, the alloy with Cu has a considerably lower pore concentration. During sintering, Cu forms a liquid phase that can fill the spaces between the particles of the alloying powders. The result is an alloy with increased density and toughness; the density of the alloy increases from 7.2 to 7.8 g/cm³ upon addition of Cu, and its toughness increases from 22 to 34 J.     

Study of micropart fabrication via 17-4 PH stainless nanopowder injection molding

Micropart fabrication via 17-4 PH stainless nanopowder injection molding was investigated. The nanopowder was mixed with a binder that was based on wax to produce a feedstock composed of 45% powder and binder (the powder load). Initially, the fit and proper test was done before the micropart was made by making some bars of green samples, which the properties were examined after the sintering process. The examination involved the mechanical properties such as the porosity, hardness, and some of metallurgical aspects, such as the second-phase formation and the final compound after the sintering. The results showed that utilizing 17-4 PH stainless nanopowder is promising for micropart fabrication since it can form a nearly full-density sintered sample with a low porosity and good toughness, and can provide a smooth surface finish. After this, the investigations followed with the injection of the feedstock into the PDMS micromold that was formed by the nickel pattern from the X-Ray LIGA process. The green samples successfully produced a high-aspect-ratio sample with a thickness of up to 1 mm and an aspect ratio of 15 in the microchannel part. Then the green samples were sintered at 1,300 degrees C for 2 h, since from the initial test, they showed optimum parameters with nearly full density, low porosity, and a high degree of hardness. The research shows the excellent results of the application of the 17-4 PH stainless nanopowder to micropart fabrication.     

Solid or liquid phase sintering of nanocrystalline WC/Co hardmetals

Nanocrystalline WC/Co hardmetal powder has been sintered at various temperatures in vacuum and HIP sintered under different pressures. In addition, hot stage optical microscopy (HSM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed on a similar powder. All the results indicate that the matrix of the nanopowder starts to melt at about 1150 °C; however, the melting is confined to locations that are still nanocrystalline. With increasing temperature, more material melts and at about 1330 °C the melting of the matrix is complete. High density can be achieved below this temperature, but not below 1200 °C. Compared with previous sintering results on micron sized powder, the conclusion is that the nanopowder densifies mostly in the solid state, while the latter mostly in the liquid state.     

Sintering of powder mixtures and the growth of ferrous powder metallurgy

Advances in the understanding of sintering of powder mixtures contributed significantly to the growth of ferrous powder metallurgy industry. Solid-state sintering and liquid-phase activated sintering play an important role in the sintering of powder mixtures. In this paper, sintering of iron powder with graphite; iron powder with copper and graphite; iron powder with nickel and graphite; iron powder with phosphorus; and iron powder with boron is discussed. Mechanical properties of the sintered parts are presented along with application of these parts.     

Effects of Ni-Cr Based Alloys on the Fiber MetallurgyCharacteristics of Short Cast Iron Fibers

The liquid sintering characteristics have been studied in the sintered compacts of short cast iron fibers added with Ni-Cr based alloy powder at the sintering temperature of 1100℃. With the increase of Ni-Cr based alloy content, the microstructure of sintered compact of short cast iron fibers transformed from pearlite+ferrite to martensite+austenite, meanwhile volume expansion appeared in the sintered compact, leading to more pores. The proper addition of P-Fe powder could restrain the expansion of the sintered compact and increase the strength and hardness of the sintered compact.     

纯钨零件的粉末注射成形工艺研究

本文以高能球磨钨粉和高纯钨粉为原料,采用粉末注射成形技术成功制备出具有复杂形状的纯钨及添加稀土的钨零件。重点研究了注射成形工艺参数对其微观结构及其力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,以高能球磨后的钨粉和Y2O3为原料,采用注射成形工艺可制备出烧结密度为18．26g／cm^3,相对密度为94．61％的钨零件,较佳的工艺参数为：粉末装载量为52％,注射温度为165℃,注射压力为65MPa,烧结温度为2300℃。研究结果还表明：稀土元素氧化物的添加,可显著提高注射成形钨零件的烧结密度,明显细化烧结后样品的晶粒。这是由于稀土氧化物作为第二相粒子弥散分布于晶界处,阻碍了位错的运动和高温烧结时晶粒的长大。     

金属粉末注射成形钛合金工艺研究

为了探究保障最终产品性能满足ASTM标准的粉末注射成形工艺,本文采用金属粉末注射成形方法,以德国Basf公司提供的喂料为原料,通过对注射参数优化获取1组最优注射工艺参数,用于后续脱脂及烧结工艺。利用拉伸、弯曲等力学实验,扫描电镜、金相光学显微镜等表征方法对材料的力学性能及微观结构进行表征,研究了注射、脱脂和烧结工艺参数对生坯性能、生坯失重率及烧结件力学性能等的影响。研究表明,在1350℃保温4 h的条件下,制备的烧结件的屈服强度为882 MPa,极限抗拉强度为971 MPa,伸长率8.21%,相对密度98%。烧结样件微观结构表征表明,烧结过程发生了β相变,得到了含有较大尺度α片层束的魏氏体组织,因而强度较高,塑韧性略低。